Primary spinal anaplastic ganglioglioma

Gangliogliomas of the spinal cord are very unusual and the anaplastic variant of these tumors is extremely rare. In spinal anaplastic gangliogliomas, malignant changes (hypercellularity, vascular proliferation, necrosis, high numbers of mitotic figures) are typically evident in the glial element of the tumor. Gangliogliomas can arise in any part of the central nervous system and the features of adult and pediatric cases differ significantly. We describe the case of a pediatric patient who had a spinal anaplastic ganglioglioma extending from the T-9 to the L-3 level. The signs at presentation were bilateral knee flexion (quadriceps weakness) while walking and intermittent urinary incontinence. The tumor was partially resected with an ultrasonic aspirator, but the patient's neurological status deteriorated as a result and adjuvant radiotherapy did not resolve the deficit. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel

Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 in chronic tonsillitis

Objectives: Prostaglandins are critical mediators of inflammation and affect both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Recent findings show that T and B cells express COX-2 upon activation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential occurrence of COX-1 and COX-2 immunoreactivity in cases of chronic tonsillitis and to determine the sites of their expression. In addition, their expression in adult patients is compared with that in child patients. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate the expression of the enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, in chronic tonsillitis tissue specimens from adults (n = 15) and children (n = 15). Results: There was no staining in surface epithelium or reticulated crypt epithelium. COX-1 and COX-2 expressions were observed mainly in the intraepithelial lymphoid cells in reticulated crypt epithelium and subepithelial cells. Also, COX-1 and COX-2 stained cells were found in the germinal center. There was no difference of the expressions of COX-1 and COX-2 among adults and children. The only significant difference noted between the adults and children was that, the adults had rich subepithelial plasma cells. Conclusion: Activated B and T cells express COX-1 and COX-2 in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of chronic tonsillitis. Further studies need to be performed to elucidate expression of COX enzymes and their immunologic role in tonsil diseases. They will play an important role in the treatment of chronic tonsillitis. Additional studies are warranted to study the effects of NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors in chronic tonsilliti

Which is more effective in reducing secondary brain damage resulting from cyclooxygenase expression following traumatic brain injury: calcium channel blockers or cox inhibitors?

Objectives: To evaluate localizacions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the effects of 2 therapeutic agents on COX inhibition

The protective effect of erythropoietin on ischaemia/reperfusion injury of liver

Backgroun

Is neck dissection necessary in early stage lower lip carcinomas necessary?

Lower lip tumours are the most common among the oral cavity tumours. The purpose of this article is to analyse neck metastasis rates of early stage lower lip carcinomas and to evaluate possible related histological parameters with neck metastasis. The dissection types, preoperative detection of lymphadenopathy by palpation or computed tomography (CT), tumour sizes and tumour histological differentiation degrees of 37 patients were reviewed retrospectively. In addition, an experienced pathologist re-evaluated the specimens and examined tumour depth and muscle invasion. Types of neck dissection were bilateral supraomohyoid in 20, unilateral supraomohyoid in 8, bilateral suprahyoid in 5 and unilateral suprahyoid in 1 patients. All the carcinomas were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and T stages were T1 in 32 and T2 in 5. Preoperatively, 4 patients had palpable lymph nodes and 9 patients had lymph nodes in CT scan, but it was found out that none of these patients had histological positive lymph node metastasis. Histological node metastasis was found only in 1 patient who had stage T1 tumour, no palpable or detected lymph node, no muscular invasion and very limited tumour depth.Tumour size, differentiation degree, tumour depth and muscle invasion seems insensitive for predicting lymph node metastasis in early stage lower lip carcinomas. The necessity of neck dissection in early stage lower lip carcinomas should be reconsidered in large series of patients. [Med-Science 2016; 5(4.000): 933-6

Profile of gallbladder diseases diagnosed at afyon kocatepe university: a retrospective study

This find is registered at Portable Antiquities of the Netherlands with number PAN-0002060

Expression of cathepsin D in bladder carcinoma: correlation with pathological features and serum cystatin C levels.

Aims and background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of cathepsin D in primary bladder cancer and to determine its relationship with conventional pathological features and serum cystatin C levels