Characterization of a Novel Association between Two Trypanosome-Specific Proteins and 5S rRNA

P34 and P37 are two previously identified RNA binding proteins in the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. RNA interference studies have determined that the proteins are essential and are involved in ribosome biogenesis. Here, we show that these proteins interact in vitro with the 5S rRNA with nearly identical binding characteristics in the absence of other cellular factors. The T. brucei 5S rRNA has a complex secondary structure and presents four accessible loops (A to D) for interactions with RNA-binding proteins. In other eukaryotes, loop C is bound by the L5 ribosomal protein and loop A mainly by TFIIIA. The binding of P34 and P37 to T. brucei 5S rRNA involves the LoopA region of the RNA, but these proteins also protect the L5 binding site located on LoopC

Pathways to Adulthood in Uruguay

Poster Presentation This paper aims to analyse the pathways to adulthood in Uruguay by means of biographical data collected from the National Youth Surveys (NYS) carried out in 1990 and 2008. Two complementary strategies are used to accomplish this objective. Firstly, the evolution of typical sequences in the pathway to adulthood of Uruguayan young women from two cohorts (1961-1965 and 1979-1983) is analysed through sequence analysis. These analyses address four events indicating the pathway to adulthood: home leaving, school leaving, first job and first birth. Secondly, the variations in the timing of the first birth are analysed using the combination of the other three events by order of occurrence as the main independent variable. Such combination is introduced in the survival analysis as a time-varying variable and it enables identifying states that are more likely to delay or induce the first birth. Thus, this paper provides some keys to the changes in the pathway to adulthood, understood as a single process rather than a sum of events. Also, it allows understanding the relations between the types of pathways to adulthood and the first birth at a younger age. We find a high degree of heterogeneity in the pathways to adulthood, which is rooted in the unequal social structure. While some women experience fast routes to adult roles, others delay even the take off of the transition to adulthood. School insertion plays a key role in explaining these differences

Child and Young Adult Headed Households in the Context of the AIDS Epidemic in Zimbabwe, 1988-2006

The emergence of Child-Headed Households (CHH) and Young Adult Households (YAH) has largely been taken as an indicator of the erosion of the traditional safety nets in sub-Saharan countries and a direct consequence of the increasing number of orphans in the region. However, the initial evidence presented so far suggests that the process of formation of CHH and YAH is more complex than it appears to be. Using the four available waves of the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys (1988, 1994, 1999, and 2005/2006) we find that the proportion of households with no adults have remained stable in the last years, although the number of orphans have increased significantly. In fact, a large number of children living in CHH are non-orphans, which suggests that this kind of living arrangements is not always a direct consequence of parental death. Moreover, our analysis show that children living in CHH and YAH are less likely to have unmet basic needs than children in households headed by working-age adults and other vulnerable households

Changes in the Educational Gradient of Fertility Not Driven by Changes in Preferences

Fertility levels have historically been negatively correlated with the amount of information and material resources available to individuals and families. The recent reversal of this trend has been interpreted as a fundamental change in preferences, a return to large families led by more educated individuals. Our analysis shows, however, that the recently documented changes in fertility can be reproduced in the context of declining family size preferences across educational levels, and without assuming any transformation of the underlying behavioral mechanisms that link resources and fertility across cohorts. We demonstrate this point by replicating the stylized facts reported in previous studies using a simulated dataset. We generate this dataset from a model that assumes continuity in the way education shapes reproductive intentions over time. In our simulated population, the reversal in the relationship between education and fertility emerges as a result of the transition from a natural to a regulated fertility regime, as the share of unplanned births decreases over time, and the mechanisms that positively connect educational attainment with desired fertility become dominant. We conclude, thus, that the explanation for the weakening educational gradient of fertility lies primarily in the decline of unintended fertility, instead of in changes in fertility preferences.acceptedVersio

Heartwood and sapwood content in Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia melanoxylon growing in Argentina

Los objetivos del trabajo fueron determinar la proporción de duramen y el ancho de la albura en Eucalyptus globulus y Acacia melanoxylon, estudiar su variación axial en el fuste y establecer relaciones entre duramen y el diámetro y volumen del fuste. Se muestrearon 10 árboles de E. globulus de 9 años y 10 árboles de A. melanoxylon de 19 a 32 años, en dos sitios de Buenos Aires, Argentina. En cuatro rodajas por árbol (base, 1,3 m, 30 % y 50 % de la altura total), se determinaron el área, volumen y porcentaje de duramen y el ancho de albura. En E. globulus el porcentaje de duramen disminuyó significativamente hacia el ápice (46 % en la base y 30 % en la última altura muestreada); en A. melanoxylon no hubo diferencias significativas (48 % a 31 %). El ancho de albura fue relativamente constante a lo largo del fuste, siendo en promedio de 26 mm para ambas especies. El volumen de duramen con respecto al volumen del fuste fue de 37 % para E. globulus y de 43 % para A. melanoxylon>. Se hallaron regresiones lineales significativas entre el volumen del duramen y dos variables de interés comercial e inventarial: volumen del fuste y diámetro a la altura de pecho.The aims of the work were to determine heartwood and sapwood content in Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia melanoxylon trees, to study their variation and to establish relationships between heartwood and log volume and diameter. Ten trees of 9-years old E. globulus and ten trees of A. melanoxylon between 19 and 32 years old were sampled in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Heartwood area, volumes and percentage, and sapwood width were measured and calculated at four discs by tree (base, 1.3 m, 30% and 50% of total height). E. globulus heartwood percentage decreased significantly from the base upwards (46% at the base and 30% at the last sample height); in A. melanoxylon axial differences were not significant (48% to 31%). Sapwood width was relatively constant with sample height and its means were 26 mm for both species. Average heartwood volume represented 37 % of the log volume for E. globulus and 43 % for A. melanoxylon. For both species, linear regression models show positives relationships between heartwood volume and two variables of commercial and inventorial importance: log volume and diameter at breast height.Fil: Monteoliva, Silvia Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Forestal. Cátedra de Xilotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Ciganda, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Igartúa, Dora Virginia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Análisis de actividades de colaboración en redes de innovación uruguayas. El caso del Centro Tecnológico ICT4V

Esta investigación analiza los mecanismos que condicionan la generación y/o desarrollo de actividades de colaboración y vinculación entre actores, en el marco de procesos de innovación. Dentro de los variados formatos organizativos que pueden adoptar las actividades de innovación, en la tesis se hace foco en las redes de innovación conformadas por organizaciones de diverso tipo, inmersas en el Sistema Nacional de Innovación (SNI) de Uruguay. Asimismo, entre la variedad de aspectos que pueden estudiarse en este marco y de perspectivas posibles de abordaje, la tesis se centra en aquellos de tipo micro-social y realiza un estudio de caso con base en la experiencia del Centro Tecnológico (CT) Information and Communication Technologies for Verticals (ICT4V). El diseño metodológico incluye, para el estudio del caso, la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a los Gerentes Operativos del Centro y la implementación de una encuesta a sus restantes integrantes. Dentro de ésta se destinó un bloque de preguntas que se abordan con base en un Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS), a través del cual se estudian los actores y sus relaciones en el contexto del CT. La relevancia y justificación de la investigación radica en que uno de los pilares de crecimiento y desarrollo de las economías actuales es la introducción de innovaciones basadas en ciencia y tecnología, para la producción de bienes y servicios. En este contexto cobran especial importancia las interacciones entre diversos actores y organizaciones clave en los procesos de innovación. La tesis aporta conocimiento acerca de las actividades de colaboración, ambientadas en redes de innovación entre organizaciones, que sostienen la articulación y vinculación entre dichos actores y organizaciones. Los resultados obtenidos en el caso estudiado evidencian tres mecanismos que condicionan las actividades de colaboración: el primero consiste en la existencia de experiencias anteriores de vinculación con los mismos actores u organizaciones con los que se interactúa en el Centro; el segundo radica en la posibilidad de contar con espacios físicos de encuentro presencial facilitados por el Centro; el tercer mecanismo refiere a la existencia de objetivos compartidos entre los actores pertenecientes al Centro y de un proceso de toma de decisiones distribuida entre la diversidad de actores

Cómo valoran la atención a la diversidad las familias y el profesorado del entorno rural

[ES] La Atención a la Diversidad es un aspecto muy importante en todos los niveles de la educación. El poder ofrecer una atención a las necesidades y diferencias de cada alumno y alumna puede llegar a enriquecer mucho el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de todos los agentes que intervienen en el proceso. Es por ello, por lo que debe llevarse tanto al ámbito urbano como al rural, puesto que la mayoría de los estudios se centran solo en el ámbito urbano, aun sabiendo que la diversidad se puede presentar en cualquiera de estos. Por lo tanto, el presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado tiene como objetivo conocer cómo valoran la atención a la diversidad las familias y el profesorado de dos localidades rurales de la provincia de Salamanca. En un inicio se explica la atención a la diversidad y las características de las escuelas rurales, las cuales hacen de estas escuelas buenas candidatas para atender a todo el alumnado, así como la importancia dentro del marco educativo del profesorado y las familias. La recogida de datos se lleva a cabo a través de dos encuestas diferentes, una dirigida a las familias y otra al profesorado. Los datos obtenidos en los resultados de este trabajo señalan que tanto las familias como el profesorado opinan que la atención a la diversidad puede darse de igual manera en las escuelas rurales que en las urbanas siempre y cuando haya mejoras para poder hacerlo. En este sentido, las administraciones públicas deberían dotar a las escuelas rurales de los recursos necesarios para poder atender a la diversidad.[EN] Attention to Diversity is a very important aspect at all levels of education. Being able to offer attention to the needs and the differences of each student can greatly enrich the teaching-learning process of all the agents involved in the process. Thar is why it should be taken to both the urban and rural areas, since most studies focus only on the urban area, even knowing that diversity can occur in any of these. Therefore, this Final Degree Project aims to find out how families and teachers from two rural towns in the province of Salamanca value attention to diversity. Initially, attention to diversity and the characteristics of rural schools are explained, which make these schools good candidates to serve all students, as well as the importance within the educational framework of teachers and families. Data collection is carried out through two different surveys, one aimed at families and the other at teachers. The data obtained in the result of this work indicate that both families and teachers believe that attention to diversity can be given in the same way in rural schools as in urban ones if there are improvements to be able to do so. In this sense, public administrations should provide rural schools with the necessary resources to be able to attend to diversity

Ecophysiolgoical Responses of \u3ci\u3eSchizachyrium scoparium\u3c/i\u3e to Water and Nitrogen Manipulations

Nitrogen is increasing in terrestrial ecosystems as a result of agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels. This increase is expected to be accompanied by changes in water availability due to global warming. We examined the effects of nitrogen and water manipulations on Schizachyrium scoparium, one of the dominant grasses in the Great Plains. Schizachyrium scoparium responded positively to watering, with an increase in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water and nitrogen use efficiencies, and water potential. Under watered conditions, fertilization had no significant effect on measured parameters, except for nitrogen-use efficiency. Significant differences appeared between fertilized and nonfertilized plants under moderate drought, with fertilized plants maintaining higher photosynthesis and water-use efficiency than nonfertilized plants. Water potential declined with water stress but did not differ between fertilization treatments, while nitrogen-use efficiency was significantly higher under non fertilized than fertilized treatment. Differences among fertilization treatments disappeared under severe drought. We conclude that S. scoparium will likely respond positively to fertilization under moderate drought in the Great Plains. However, under severe drought, fertilization will not provide any physiological advantages to S. scoparium