Technology transfer model for Austrian higher education institutions

The aim of this paper is to present the findings of a PhD research (Heinzl 2007, Unpublished PhD Thesis) conducted on the Universities of Applied Sciences in Austria. Four of the models that emerge from this research are: Generic Technology Transfer Model (Sect. 5.1); Idiosyncrasies Model for the Austrian Universities of Applied Sciences (Sect. 5.2); Idiosyncrasies-Technology Transfer Effects Model (Sect. 5.3); Idiosyncrasies-Technology Transfer Cumulated Effects Model (Sect. 5.3). The primary and secondary research methods employed for this study are: literature survey, focus groups, participant observation, and interviews. The findings of the research contribute to a conceptual design of a technology transfer system which aims to enhance the higher education institutions' technology transfer performance. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Mixed-Monolayer-Protected Au 25

Peer reviewe

Selective Synthesis of Two Constitutionally Isomeric Oriented Calix[6]arene-Based Rotaxanes

Nur in apolaren Medien werden in das Calix[6]aren-Rad vom oberen Rand asymmetrische Bipyridinium-Achsen eingefädelt. Das führt zur Bildung orientierter Pseudorotaxane. Das Anbringen eines zweiten, sich vom ersten unterscheidenden Stoppers liefert Rotaxane mit einer eindeutigen Orientierung der Radränder relativ zu den beiden Stoppern (siehe Bild, R1=CHPh2/CHCy2, R2=CHCy2/CHPh2, Cy=Cyclohexyl, Ts=Toluol-4-sulfonyl)

Valorization of Lagrein grape pomace as a source of phenolic compounds: analysis of the contents of anthocyanins, flavanols and antioxidant activity

The phenolic composition of grape pomace seeds and skins in the South Tyrolean autochthonous variety Lagrein has been studied for three different microfermentation experiments. 23 anthocyanins and 9 flavan-3-ols were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS in both the skins and seeds of grapes and pomace. The remaining contents of total polyphenols, total anthocyanins and the antioxidant capacity of the pomace after maceration, as measured by the DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methodologies, depended not only on the initial contents in the grapes, but also on the maceration time. Even though all anthocyanins in skins were highly reduced during the maceration (maximum recoveries of 40%), the residual contents in the pomace were still considerable (2-8 mg/g fresh weight, FW). The content of flavan-3-ols in seeds remained very stable (recoveries of 70-100%). Our results show that the Lagrein grape pomace is a promising source for antioxidant phenolic compounds that can be of interest as nutraceuticals

Structural electronic study via XPS and TEM of sub-nanometric gold particles protected by calixarenes

In the last years, substituted ferrocenes have been investigated as active redox molecules, able to tune the response of a functionalized electrode (especially gold and silicon) on which they are adsorbed, due to their attractive electrochemical characteristics: fast electron-transfer rate, low oxidation potential, and two stable redox states [1]. Ferrocene derivatives present also the advantage of a facile tunability of their redox potential via substitution of one or more H atoms of the cyclopentadyenil (Cp) ring with distinct functional groups. We present the results of an experimental and theoretical investigation on pure ethyl-, vinyl and ethynylferrocene in the gas phase by means of NEXAFS at the C K-edge, and XPS of the C 1s region, and by DFT calculations. Such a combination probes both the state of charge of the C atoms of the substituent group of the three molecules, and the extent of conjugation of the C-C arm with the Cp ring. A reliable assignment of the characteristic NEXAFS features associated to double and triple C-C bond of the lateral substituents of such closely related molecules may offer the fingerprint of the preservation or loss of the unsaturation in the anchoring arm upon its reaction with a surface, as well as shed light on the reaction mechanism for the surface anchoring on Si with different recipes, which is an actively investigated, yet still open, issue

The Effect of Ligand Denticity in Size-Selective Synthesis of Calix[n]arene-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles: A Multitechnique Approach

A series of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) stabilized by monodentate, bidentate, and tridentate thiolate calix[n]arene ligands 1-3 was prepared by using the Brust Schiffrin two-phase direct synthesis and characterized with NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experimental data show that the particular multidentate structure of calix[n]arene derivatives 2 and 3 introduces a control element in the preparation of the gold nanoparticles that allows, in the particular experimental conditions here reported, to obtain very small (approximate to 1 nm) AuNPs. These are the first experimental findings that identify a role of ligand "denticity" in the determination of the nuclearity of nanoparticles

The Effect of Ligand Denticity in Size-Selective Synthesis of Calix[n]arene-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles: A Multitechnique Approach

A series of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) stabilized by monodentate, bidentate, and tridentate thiolate calix[n]arene ligands 1-3 was prepared by using the Brust Schiffrin two-phase direct synthesis and characterized with NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experimental data show that the particular multidentate structure of calix[n]arene derivatives 2 and 3 introduces a control element in the preparation of the gold nanoparticles that allows, in the particular experimental conditions here reported, to obtain very small (approximate to 1 nm) AuNPs. These are the first experimental findings that identify a role of ligand "denticity" in the determination of the nuclearity of nanoparticles

Guest Controlled Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles Coated with Calix[4]arene Hosts

Gold nanoparticles protected with thiolate Calix[4]arenes hosts were synthesized through an exchange reaction in toluene, starting from tetraoctyl ammonium bromide stabilized gold nanoparticles having a mean core size of 6 nm. In low polar solvents, these new Calix[4]arenecoated nanoparticles are able to self-assemble through supramolecular interactions with dialkyl dipyridinium-based guests (2−3). The guest-induced self-assembly process between nanoparticles has been studied using UV−vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and TEM measurements. The size and the solubility of the aggregates strongly depend on the length and rigidity of the bifunctional guest used as “supramolecular linker” between the nanoparticles. In particular, the long and flexible guest 2 gives rise to superaggregates of nanoparticles that remain soluble in common low polar solvents

Eur Food Res Technol

This study provides cultivar-specific metabolic fingerprints of volatile organic compounds in the headspace of cloudy apple juices. Cloudy juices from 47 « true to type » apple cultivars grown under identical agricultural and climatic conditions in South Tyrol, Italy, have been analysed through headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC--HRTO-–MS), yielding cultivar-specific volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles. Apple cultivars included 10 old cultivars with local relevance, 18 commercial cultivars, dominating the current international market, 10 scab-resistant and 9 red-fleshed ones. The 28 most abundant VOCs were found in the whole dataset, indicating a remarkable chemodiversity within juices. The main discriminant metabolites were butyl acetate; pentyl acetate; 2-methylbutyl acetate; pentan-1-ol; hexan-1-ol; n-hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal. A principal component analysis (PCA) and a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) have not identified a clear separation of the analysed cultivar classes. Nevertheless, a series of scab-resistant and red-fleshed cultivars with VOC profiles similar to established commercial cultivars were identified; these data could help substituting current cultivars with more sustainable ones. On a more general basis, our study supports a knowledge-driven selection of apple cultivars for specific consumer preferences and helps appreciating the biodiversity of apples across old local and more recent (scab-resistant and red-fleshed) cultivars