Insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA) en unidades de cuidados intensivos

La Injuria Renal Aguda es reconocida por su impacto en la evolución de los pacientes admitidos en Unidades de cuidados Intensivos. La amplia variedad de definiciones utilizadas en los diversos estudios es responsable de las diferencias en los reportes de incidencia y de Mortalidad asociada.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Detección y seguimiento de insuficiencia renal en población hospitalaria

La insuficiencia renal (IR) presenta una elevada prevalencia en la población general (10%). La detección temprana es necesaria para su mejor control evolutivo; incluso en pacientes asintomáticos. Se propuso detectar a lo largo de un año la tasa de incidencia de falla renal en pacientes internados.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Fine Mapping of 10q and 18q for Familial Alzheimer's Disease in Caribbean Hispanics

Familial Alzheimer's disease (AD [MIM 104300]) has been a focus of intense investigation, primarily in Caucasian families from Europe and North America families. Although the late-onset form of familial AD, beginning after age 65 years, has been linked to regions on chromosomes 10q and 12p, the specific genetic variants have not yet been consistently identified. Using a unique cohort of families of Caribbean Hispanics ancestry, we screened the genome using 340 markers on 490 family members from 96 families with predominantly late-onset AD. We observed the strongest support for linkage on 18q (LOD=3.14). However, 17 additional markers (chromosomes 1-6, 8, 10, 12, and 14) exceeded a two-point LOD score of 1.0 under the affecteds-only autosomal dominant model or affected sibpair model. As we previously reported the fine-mapping effort on 12p showing modest evidence of linkage, we focused our fine-mapping efforts on two other candidate regions in the current report, namely 10q and 18q. We added 31 family members and eight additional Caribbean Hispanic families to fine map 10q and 18q. With additional microsatellite markers, the evidence for linkage for 18q strengthened near 112 cM, where the two-point LOD score for D18S541 was 3.37 and the highest NPL score in that region was 3.65 (P=0.000177). This narrow region contains a small number of genes expressed in the brain. However, at 10q (134-138 cM), the NPL score decreased from 3.15 (P=0.000486) to 2.1 (P=0.0218), but two broad peaks remained overlapping with previously reported peaks. Our results provide modest support for linkage on 10q and 12p in this cohort of Caribbean Hispanic families with familial Alzheimer's disease, and strong evidence for a new locus on 18

Observations of the Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica) polynya by MODIS ice surface temperature imagery from 2005 to 2010

Ice surface temperature (IST) imagery from the thermal infrared bands of the satellite-borne Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has been used to analyze the activity of the Terra Nova Bay polynya from 2005 to 2010. In clear sky conditions, the shape of the open water area of the polynya (i.e. the portion of the ocean free of sea-ice) is revealed by the skin sea-ice temperatures close to the water freezing point provided by the MODIS-derived IST product. The swaths of the MODIS sensors onboard Terra and Aqua satellites over the Terra Nova Bay consist of about 5500 scenes per year, useful to estimate the cloud cover too. The open water area was extracted from clear sky scenes and from scenes affected by fog but providing continuity of the shape of the polynya. Using about 40% of the available swaths, the polynya was detected for more than 80% of the sea-ice period with a revisit time below 24 h and for more than 50% with a revisit time below 3 h. The open water area was extracted using thresholds of IST based on the IST values detected within the open water area and within the band of sea-ice surrounding the polynya, obtained scene by scene. An ice free area larger than 100 km2 was observed near the Nansen Ice Shelf for more than 70% of time (larger than 500 km2 for 50% of time). The mean annual open water area, around 900 km2, was close to the lower limit of the reported range except during 2006, around 600 km2, due to the limited activity in the second half of the cold season. The largest extents, between 6000 and 8500 km2, occurred in different periods of the Antarctic winter and exceeded maxima estimated in previous studies by thermal infrared data. Polynya openings developed from a few hours to several days, in the latter case sustained by subsequent katabatic events visible in the IST sequence. Peaks of growing rate above 300 km2/h were observed during intense katabatic events with gusts of 50 m/s. The fluctuations of the open water area resulted well correlated with wind records available from local Automatic Weather Stations within the main katabatic routes, and followed katabatic events at intervals between 0 and 6 h. The analysis of the IST data set derived from the thermal infrared bands of MODIS provides new polynya observations of high horizontal resolution (1 km) and frequent revisit time during the winter season, complementing previously available observations with passive microwave imagery

The asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-phenethylacrylic acid as the key step for the enantioselective synthesis of Citralis Nitrile®

A catalytic approach to the enantioselective synthesis of Citralis Nitrile (3-methyl-5-phenyl-pentanenitrile, a citrus-type odorant) is described. The key step is the transition-metal catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-phenethylacrylic acid. Among the different catalysts tested, the most efficient appears to be the one formed by combining in situ [Ru(benzene)Cl2]2 with the atropisomeric diphosphine MeOBIPHEP and triethylamine, which allows us to obtain enantiomeric excesses up to 98% under mild conditions. Very good results (ees >80%) have also been obtained using iridium cationic complexes in combination with a phosphinooxazoline ligand