(λ,μ)-fuzzy Subrings and (λ,μ)-fuzzy Quotient Subrings with Operators

In this paper, we extend the fuzzy subrings with operators to the (λ, μ)-fuzzy subrings with operators. And the concepts of the (λ, μ)-fuzzy subring with operators and (λ, μ)-fuzzy quotient ring with operators are gived, while their elementary properties are discussed

Evaluating Alzheimer's Disease Progression by Modeling Crosstalk Network Disruption

Aβ, tau and P-tau have been widely accepted as reliable markers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The crosstalk between these markers forms a complex network. AD may induce the integral variation and disruption of the network. The aim of this study was to develop a novel mathematic model based on a simplified crosstalk network to evaluate the disease progression of AD. The integral variation of the network is measured by three integral disruption parameters. The robustness of network is evaluated by network disruption probability. Presented results show that network disruption probability has a good linear relationship with Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The proposed model combined with Support vector machine (SVM) achieves a relative high 10-fold cross-validated performance in classification of AD vs normal and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) vs normal (95% accuracy, 95% sensitivity, 95% specificity for AD vs normal; 90% accuracy, 94% sensitivity, 83% specificity for MCI vs normal). This research evaluates the progression of AD and facilitates AD early diagnosis

The complete mitochondrial genomes of two band-winged grasshoppers, Gastrimargus marmoratus and Oedaleus asiaticus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The two closely related species of band-winged grasshoppers, <it>Gastrimargus marmoratus </it>and <it>Oedaleus asiaticus</it>, display significant differences in distribution, biological characteristics and habitat preferences. They are so similar to their respective congeneric species that it is difficult to differentiate them from other species within each genus. Hoppers of the two species have quite similar morphologies to that of <it>Locusta migratoria</it>, hence causing confusion in species identification. Thus we determined and compared the mitochondrial genomes of <it>G. marmoratus </it>and <it>O. asiaticus </it>to address these questions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The complete mitochondrial genomes of <it>G. marmoratus </it>and <it>O. asiaticus </it>are 15,924 bp and 16,259 bp in size, respectively, with <it>O. asiaticus </it>being the largest among all known mitochondrial genomes in Orthoptera. Both mitochondrial genomes contain a standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and an A+T-rich region in the same order as those of the other analysed caeliferan species, but different from those of the ensiferan species by the rearrangement of <it>trnD </it>and <it>trnK</it>. The putative initiation codon for the <it>cox1 </it>gene in the two species is ATC. The presence of different sized tandem repeats in the A+T-rich region leads to size variation between their mitochondrial genomes. Except for <it>nad2</it>, <it>nad4L</it>, and <it>nad6</it>, most of the caeliferan mtDNA genes exhibit low levels of divergence. In phylogenetic analyses, the species from the suborder Caelifera form a monophyletic group, as is the case for the Ensifera. Furthermore, the two suborders cluster as sister groups, supporting the monophyly of Orthoptera.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The mitochondrial genomes of both <it>G. marmoratus </it>and <it>O. asiaticus </it>harbor the typical 37 genes and an A+T-rich region, exhibiting similar characters to those of other grasshopper species. Characterization of the two mitochondrial genomes has enriched our knowledge on mitochondrial genomes of Orthoptera.</p

Fabrication and magnetic properties of Sm2Co17 and Sm2Co17/Fe7Co3 magnetic nanowires via AAO templates

AbstractThe Sm2Co17 single-phase and Sm2Co17/Fe7Co3 double-phase nanowire arrays with smaller diameter (around 50nm) have been fabricated into the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates by direct-current electrodeposition. The crystal structure and micrograph of these nanowire arrays were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that the as-deposited Sm2Co17 nanowires have the amorphous microstructure. The magnetic hysteresis loops obtained by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) show that the easily magnetized direction of the Sm2Co17 single-phase and Sm2Co17/Fe7Co3 double-phase nanowire arrays is parallel to the nanowire arrays and the exchange coupling interaction in nanocomposite Sm2Co17/Fe7Co3 is discussed. The study of the Sm2Co17 single-phase and Sm2Co17/Fe7Co3 double-phase nanowires with small diameter may open up new opportunities for the design and control of nanostructures such as the fabrication of magnetic recording devices

On the Aα-spectral radii of cactus graphs

© 2020 by the authors. Let A(G) be the adjacent matrix and D(G) the diagonal matrix of the degrees of a graph G, respectively. For 0 ≤ α ≤ 1, the Aα-matrix is the general adjacency and signless Laplacian spectral matrix having the form of Aα(G) = αD(G) + (1-α)A(G). Clearly, A0(G) is the adjacent matrix and 2A1/2 is the signless Laplacian matrix. A cactus is a connected graph such that any two of its cycles have at most one common vertex, that is an extension of the tree. The Aα-spectral radius of a cactus graph with n vertices and k cycles is explored. The outcomes obtained in this paper can imply some previous bounds from trees to cacti. In addition, the corresponding extremal graphs are determined. Furthermore, we proposed all eigenvalues of such extremal cacti. Our results extended and enriched previous known results

Mitochondrial genomes of two Sinochlora species (Orthoptera): novel genome rearrangements and recognition sequence of replication origin

BACKGROUND: Orthoptera, the largest polyneopteran insect order, contains 2 suborders and 235 subfamilies. Orthoptera mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) follow the ancestral insect gene order, with the exception of a trnD-trnK rearrangement in Acridomorphs and rare tRNA inversions. A question still remains regarding whether a long thymine-nucleotide stretch (T-stretch) involved in the recognition of the replication origin exists in the control region (CR) of Orthoptera mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Herein, we completed the sequencing of whole mitogenomes of two congeners (Sinochlora longifissa and S. retrolateralis), which possess overlapping distribution areas. Additionally, we performed comparative mitogenomic analysis to depict evolutionary trends of Orthoptera mitogenomes. RESULTS: Both Sinochlora mitogenomes possess 37 genes and one CR, a common gene orientation, normal structures of transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA genes, rather low A+T bias, and significant C skew in the majority strand (J-strand), resembling all the other sequenced ensiferans. Both mitogenomes are characterized by (1) a large size resulting from multiple copies of an approximately 175 bp GC-rich tandem repeat within CR; (2) a novel gene order (rrnS-trnI-trnM-nad2-CR-trnQ-trnW), compared to the ancestral order (rrnS-CR-trnI-trnQ-trnM-nad2-trnW); and (3) redundant trnS(UCN) pseudogenes located between trnS(UCN) and nad1. Multiple independent duplication events followed by random and/or non-random loss occurred during Sinochlora mtDNA evolution. The Orthoptera mtDNA recognition sequence of the replication origin may be one of two kinds: a long T-stretch situated in or adjacent to a possible stem-loop structure or a variant of a long T-stretch located within a potential stem-loop structure. CONCLUSIONS: The unique Sinochlora mitogenomes reveal that the mtDNA architecture within Orthoptera is more variable than previously thought, enriching our knowledge on mitogenomic genetic diversities. The novel genome rearrangements shed light on mtDNA evolutionary patterns. The two kinds of recognition sequences of replication origin suggest that the regulatory sequences involved in the replication initiation process of mtDNA have diverged through Orthoptera evolution

Numerical simulation on dynamic response of the chest wall loaded by the blast wave

In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model of the human thorax was constructed using Mimics software and Icem CFD software. This model was loaded with a 100-kPa blast wave and constructed to analyze the dynamic response of the chest wall. The simulation results have shown that a blast wave can cause stress concentration on the ribs and ribs inward movement. The third, fourth, and fifth ribs have the maximum inward moving velocity of 1.6 m / s without any injury for the human body. The three-dimensional finite element model can realistically reflect the characteristic mechanical response of the chest wall to blast wave loadings and can be used for further studies on blast injury mechanism, i.e., injury prediction