Conditional Stability for an Inverse Problem of Determining a Space-Dependent Source Coefficient in the Advection-Dispersion Equation with Robin’s Boundary Condition

This paper deals with an inverse problem of determining the space-dependent source coefficient in one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation with Robin’s boundary condition. Data compatibility for the inverse problem is analyzed by which an admissible set for the unknown is set forth. Furthermore, with the help of an integral identity, a conditional Lipschitz stability is established by suitably controlling the solution of an adjoint problem

Effects of waste milk feeding on rumen fermentation and bacterial community of pre-weaned and post-weaned dairy calves

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of waste milk with antibiotic residue on rumen fermentation and rumen bacterial composition of dairy calves during pre-weaned and post-weaned periods. A total of 24 Holstein male calves (43.4 ± 0.93 kg body weight, mean ± standard error) were allocated into four blocks based on birth date. Dairy calves were supplied 100% milk replacer (MR, n = 8), 50% milk replacer mixed with 50% waste milk (MM, n = 8), or 100% waste milk (WM, n = 8). Ruminal samples were collected at 49 and 63 days of age and then subjected to determinations of pH value, volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results showed that feeding WM had no effect on the pH value, the concentrations of VFA (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid), and NH3–N in dairy calves compared to feeding MR. However, from 49 to 63 days of age, the pH value (p < 0.001) was significantly increased, while the levels of total VFA (p = 0.004), acetic acid (p = 0.01), propionic acid (p = 0.003) and valeric acid (p < 0.001) were significantly decreased. For rumen microorganisms, there was no differences in bacterial diversity among the treatments. But the relative abundance of Veillonellaceae was significantly lower (p = 0.05) in the calves fed WM than that from MR group at 49 days of age; however, no difference was detected at 63 days of age. Feeding WM to calves tended to reduce family Veillonellaceae and genus Olsenella in the rumen at 49 days of age (p = 0.049). Analysis of temporal changes in rumen bacteria based on alpha-diversity and beta-diversity as well as the microbial relative abundances did not exhibit any difference. In addition, relative abundances of Clostridia_UCG-014, Prevotella, Syntrophococcus, Eubacterium_nodatum_group, Pseudoramibacter and Solobacterium were correlated with rumen pH value and the concentrations of TVFA, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid and NH3–N. In conclusion, compare to MR, calves supplied with WM had little changes on the rumen pH value, NH3–N or VFAs contents. Additionally, limited effects could be found on rumen microbiota in the calves fed WM. However, further studies needed to explore if there exist any long-term effects of early-life rumen microbiota modulation on dairy cows

蛍光拡散トモグラフィの数理的研究 : 直方体近似を用いた蛍光体分布同定

In this thesis the time-domain fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FDOT) is theoretically and numerically investigated based on analytical expressions for a three space dimensional diffusion equation model (DE model). Physically the radiative transfer equation model (RTE model) is a better model to describe the physical process behind the measurement of the FDOT. We carefully analyzed the derivation of the DE model from RTE model to consider about the modelling error. Since the distance between the source and detectors are short, the initial boundary value problem for the DE can be considered in the half space. Here there are two diffusion equations coupled in one of its source term. Each of them describes the emission of angularly averaged excited photon density (i.e.excited light) and that of emitted photon density (i.e. emitted light). Usually for the excited light the distribution of fluorophores in biological tissue is ignored and have the so called linearized DE model. The emission light is analytically calculated by solving an initial boundary value problem for coupled diffusion equations in the half space. Based on the analytic expression of the solution to this initial boundary value problem, we establish an error estimate for linearizing the DE model.Our FDOT is to recover the distribution of fluorophores in biological tissue based on the linearized DE model by using the time-resolved measurement data on the boundary surface. We theoretically analyzed the identifiability of this inverse absorption problem. Aiming a fast and robust algorithm for our FDOT inverse problem, we identify the location of a fluorescence target by assuming that it has a cuboidal shape neglecting its precise shape. We proposed and verified our inversion strategy which is a combination of theoretical arguments and numerical arguments for an inversion, which enables to obtain a stable inversion and accelerate the speed of convergence. Its effectivity and performance were tested numerically using simulated data and experimental data obtained from ex vivo beef phantoms

Personnel Cultivation Program for Innovative and Entrepreneurial Biopharmaceutical Discipline under the Credit System

Biopharmaceutical discipline is an interdisciplinary subject with strong comprehensiveness and wide coverage. Under the background of credit system, it is an important task for application-oriented undergraduate colleges and universities to optimize the cultivation program for innovative and entrepreneurial bio-pharmaceutical professionals. According to the characteristics of biopharmaceutical discipline, Binzhou University biopharmaceutical teaching and research office, based on the social demand for biopharmaceutical discipline talents, defined the principle of optimizing the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial biopharmaceutical discipline talents, and constructed the cultivation program of innovative and entrepreneurial biopharmaceutical discipline talents under the credit system. The development of this cultivation program is expected to build a new mode for cultivating high-level biopharmaceutical professionals with strong innovative spirit and entrepreneurial potential

Synthesis of high-purity Ti2SC powder by microwave hybrid heating

Abstract A novel simple method is presented to synthesize high-purity Ti2SC powder using Ti/C/S and Ti/C/TiS2 systems by microwave hybrid heating at different temperatures in argon atmosphere. It was confirmed that the synthesis temperature is strongly dependent on the starting composition. For Ti/C/S system, Ti2SC with small amounts of TiS and TiC was synthesized at 1200 °C. For Ti/C/TiS2 system, high-purity Ti2SC was synthesized at 800 °C and above. The synthesis of Ti2SC powder at low temperature was attributed to the combination of microwave effect by microwave hybrid heating and the introduction of TiS2 as sulfur source. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that the layered structure of Ti2SC particles is perfectly formed at 1100 °C, and the crystal particle size approaches to homogeneity which is about 2–5 μm. It was presumed that the formation mechanism of Ti/C/TiS2 system is that TiS2 firstly reacts with Ti to form Ti–S intermetallics, then Ti–S intermetallics reacts with un-reacted Ti and graphite to produce Ti2SC

Numerical Inversion for the Multiple Fractional Orders in the Multiterm TFDE

The fractional order in a fractional diffusion model is a key parameter which characterizes the anomalous diffusion behaviors. This paper deals with an inverse problem of determining the multiple fractional orders in the multiterm time-fractional diffusion equation (TFDE for short) from numerics. The homotopy regularization algorithm is applied to solve the inversion problem using the finite data at one interior point in the space domain. The inversion fractional orders with random noisy data give good approximations to the exact order demonstrating the efficiency of the inversion algorithm and numerical stability of the inversion problem