Mechanisms and models of pathogenesis of odontophobic reactions in children with different level of mental health

The state of psychological well-being, and moreover, the state of mental health of the child has a significant impact on compliance with recommendations to ensure the optimal health of the oral cavity. The study of the effect of children's mental health on the health of their oral cavity is necessary for the further formation of highly congruent and personified recommendations for the care of teeth in each group of children with different levels of mental health. Despite the intense development of both pediatric psychiatry and pediatric dentistry, some aspects of it, including anxiety and phobia disorders in children with underlying mental health disorders, remain poorly understood. To understand approaches to the correction of the odontophobic reactions, a detailed study of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of such reactions is necessary to be completed. The purpose of the study: to form a typology and to describe pathogenesis of the odontophobic reactions in children with different levels of mental health, basing on the analysis of ethostomatological correlates. Contingents and methods. On the basis of Regional Clinical Dental Hospital, under the conditions of informed consent of parents and according to the principles of bioethics, 100 children with a variety of dental diseases with different levels of mental health, with odontophobic reactions were examined. They were divided into the following four groups: the first group consisted 30 patients with autism, the second group consisted 30 patients with oligophrenia of the mild degree, the third group consisted 20 patients with ADHD, the fourth group consisted mentally healthy children. Research results. Based on the comparative analysis of the clinical and semiotic content of the odontophobic reactions and the ethostomatological correlates in children with different levels of mental health, mechanisms of their pathogenesis have been established. In patients with autism, an insulating type of odontophobic reaction develops by statobehavioral pathogenetic mechanism, transaffective odontophobic reaction develops by disposition-reactive mechanism, and stenic-negativistic odontophobic reaction develops by hyperdefensive mechanism. In children with oligophrenia, confronational odontophobic reaction develops by hypoanalytical pathogenetic mechanism, vocalizational odontophobic reaction develops by situationally-determined mechanism, and agitational odontophobic reaction develops by pathocerebrotonic mechanism. In children with ADHD, motor odontophobic reaction develops by kinetodeprivational pathogenetic mechanism, partly-adherent odontophobic reaction develops by isomotivational mechanism, and explosive odontophobic reaction develops by transalgetic mechanism. In mentally healthy children, algophobic odontophobic reaction develops by algopreventative pathogenetic mechanism, transcompialant odontophobic reaction develops by hypomotivational mechanism, and escapational odontophobic reaction develops by distancing mechanism

Modelling ice-divide dynamics by perturbation methods

Two-dimensional, isothermal, non-stationary, cold-glacier dynamics are analysed by perturbation methods, when the ice creep is described by Glen's flow law. This approach allows us to model the ice-divide dynamics separately from that of the glacier and to pose a simplified problem for the ice divide. To order of the glacier-aspect ratio, all unknown characteristics near the ice divide can be searched for in an infinite layer with parallel boundaries, whose thickness coincides with that found by the shallow-ice approximation. The problem for the ice divide is stationary and does not depend on the ice and glacier characteristics, such as a flow-law constant, ice thickness and accumulation rate. At the ice divide, the ice upper surface curvature is finite and the shallow-ice approximation is inadequate

Anaerobic conversion of biomass upon disintegration in ultrasonic fields of low intensity

Disintegration is the destruction of the cell structure to release all its contents. This process facilitates bacteria access to nutrients and it results in a substrate decomposition rate increase. We can use thermal (the brief heating below one hundred degrees temperature at normal pressure or higher one hundred degrees temperature at enhanceable pressure) and chemical (enzymes and catalysts addition, which can positively influence the process speed), biochemical and physical-mechanical methods (the sonication). © 2014 WIT Press

Dynamics of ice-rock barriers under conditions of freezing of filtering rocks

Nonstationary heat transport under conditions of freezing of filtering soils is studied using a mathematical model which takes into account an arbitrary distribution of sources of cold. © 1987 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Particle-size segregation and diffusive remixing in shallow granular avalanches

Segregation and mixing of dissimilar grains is a problem in many industrial and pharmaceutical processes, as well as in hazardous geophysical flows, where the size-distribution can have a major impact on the local rheology and the overall run-out. In this paper, a simple binary mixture theory is used to formulate a model for particle-size segregation and diffusive remixing of large and small particles in shallow gravity-driven free-surface flows. This builds on a recent theory for the process of kinetic sieving, which is the dominant mechanism for segregation in granular avalanches provided the density-ratio and the size-ratio of the particles are not too large. The resulting nonlinear parabolic segregation-remixing equation reduces to a quasi-linear hyperbolic equation in the no-remixing limit. It assumes that the bulk velocity is incompressible and that the bulk pressure is lithostatic, making it compatible with most theories used to compute the motion of shallow granular free-surface flows. In steady-state, the segregation-remixing equation reduces to a logistic type equation and the 'S'-shaped solutions are in very good agreement with existing particle dynamics simulations for both size and density segregation. Laterally uniform time-dependent solutions are constructed by mapping the segregation-remixing equation to Burgers equation and using the Cole-Hopf transformation to linearize the problem. It is then shown how solutions for arbitrary initial conditions can be constructed using standard methods. Three examples are investigated in which the initial concentration is (i) homogeneous, (ii) reverse graded with the coarse grains above the fines, and, (iii) normally graded with the fines above the coarse grains. Time-dependent two-dimensional solutions are also constructed for plug-flow in a semi-infinite chute. © 2006 Cambridge University Press

Features of periodic temperature profiles in filtrating capillary porous media

The behavior of temperature profiles is examined in filtrating capillary porous media which are subjected to periodic heating. Reasons are described for amplitude shift in the temperature oscillations versus the fluid filtration rate. © 1992 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Modelling of a marine glacier and ice-sheet-ice-shelf transition zone based on asymptotic analysis

All parts of a two-dimensional, isothermal, stationary marine glacier (grounded ice sheet, ice shelf and transition zone) with constant viscosity are analysed by perturbation methods. In so doing, all zones of different flow patterns can be considered separately. Correlations between spatial scales for all parts can be expressed in terms of the typical ice-surface slope distant from the ocean, which reflects exterior conditions of the glacier's existence. In considering the ice-sheet-ice-shelf transition zone, a small parameter characterizing the difference between ice and water densities is used. Such an analysis allows us to find boundary conditions at the grounding line for the grounded ice mass. Glacier-surface profiles are determined by numerical methods. The grounding-line position found by using the boundary conditions derived in this paper differs from that obtained by using Thomas and Bentley's (1978) boundary conditions by about 10% of the grounded ice-stream length

UAV-based photogrammetry: Assessing the application potential and effectiveness for archaeological monitoring and surveying in the research on the ‘valley of the kings’ (Tuva, Russia)

The article offers an evaluation of the adequacy and effectiveness of using UAV-based photogrammetry for updating the planigraphy of well-studied archaeological sites and discovering new ones. The study is based on the data collected in the ‘Valley of the Kings’ in the Republic of Tyva (otherwise called Tuva, Russia). Data analysis using GIS software found 1000 archaeological objects and other, possibly archaeological objects. UAV-based digital photogrammetry has proved informative and effective in our study. In addition to the previously known archaeological objects, it enabled us to detect numerous new archaeological objects, which had been missed in the earlier investigations carried out on the ground. However, this survey technology has been found to have a significant number of limitations as to its applicability in the search for archaeological objects, and it is concluded that UAVs cannot replace archaeological investigations on the ground, particularly as regards identification of objects