Entropy-Based Complexity Metrics for Coal Resource Consolidation System Engineering

AbstractBased on the basic principle of management entropy theory, this paper constructs a metric scale and entropy-based quantization model for evaluating the complexity of resource consolidation system engineering. Under the transformed structure of coal resource consolidation system of Shanxi Province and the constructed relation mode, the proposed model is put in practice to analyze and evaluate the complexity of Shanxi coal resources consolidation system. The results show that by importing material, energy and information, the complex system evolves to the direction of order and dynamic balance

Overview of Key Technologies for Remote Wireless Operation Platform on Water Surface

The underwater environment is complicated and full of hazards, making it tough to complete with just one piece of underwater operation equipment. Building a high-speed, low-latency wireless connection between a remote wireless operation platform on water surface and other operation platforms in order to achieve long-distance transmission of high-definition image data and control commands, as well as collaborative operations among multiple platforms, has become a development trend and focus of exploring complex and dangerous waters. This paper summarizes and elaborates on underwater communication technology, long-distance data transmission technology, multi-submersible robot collaborative operation, and information interaction technology, as well as the development status of key technologies of remote wireless operation platform on water surface. And the research direction and focus of the remote wireless operation platform on water surface are prospected

Efficient Energy Conversion through Vortex Arrays in the Turbulent Magnetosheath

Turbulence is often enhanced when transmitted through a collisionless plasma shock. We investigate how the enhanced turbulent energy in the Earth's magnetosheath effectively dissipates via vortex arrays. This research topic is of great importance as it relates to particle energization at astrophysical shocks across the universe. Wave modes and intermittent coherent structures are the key candidate mechanisms for energy conversion in turbulent plasmas. Here, by comparing in-situ measurements in the Earth's magnetosheath with a theoretical model, we find the existence of vortex arrays at the transition between the downstream regions of the Earth's bow shock. Vortex arrays consist of quasi-orthogonal kinetic waves and exhibit both high volumetric filling factors and strong local energy conversion, thereby showing a greater dissipative energization than traditional waves and coherent structures. Therefore, we propose that vortex arrays are a promising mechanism for efficient energy conversion in the sheath regions downstream of astrophysical shocks

Observations of rapidly growing whistler waves in front of space plasma shock

Whistler mode wave is a fundamental perturbation of electromagnetic fields and plasmas in various environments including planetary space, laboratory and astrophysics. The origin and evolution of the waves are a long-standing question due to the limited instrumental capability in resolving highly variable plasma and electromagnetic fields. Here, we analyse data with the high time resolution from the multi-scale magnetospheric spacecraft in the weak magnetic environment (i.e., foreshock) enabling a relatively long gyro-period of whistler mode wave. Moreover, we develop a novel approach to separate the three-dimensional fluctuating electron velocity distributions from their background, and have successfully captured the coherent resonance between electrons and electromagnetic fields at high frequency, providing the resultant growth rate of unstable whistler waves. Regarding the energy origin for the waves, the ion distributions are found to also play crucial roles in determining the eigenmode disturbances of fields and electrons. The quantification of wave growth rate can significantly advance the understandings of the wave evolution and the energy conversion with particles

Generation of the tumor-suppressive secretome from tumor cells

Rationale: The progression of cancer cells depends on the soil and building an inhibitory soil might be a therapeutic option. We previously created tumor-suppressive secretomes by activating Wnt signaling in MSCs. Here, we examined whether the anti-tumor secretomes can be produced from tumor cells. Methods: Wnt signaling was activated in tumor cells by overexpressing β-catenin or administering BML284, a Wnt activator. Their conditioned medium (CM) was applied to cancer cells or tissues, and the effects of CM were evaluated. Tumor growth in the mammary fat pad and tibia in C57BL/6 female mice was also evaluated through μCT imaging and histology. Whole-genome proteomics analysis was conducted to determine and characterize novel tumor-suppressing proteins, which were enriched in CM. Results: The overexpression of β-catenin or the administration of BML284 generated tumor-suppressive secretomes from breast, prostate and pancreatic cancer cells. In the mouse model, β-catenin-overexpressing CM reduced tumor growth and tumor-driven bone destruction. This inhibition was also observed with BML284-treated CM. Besides p53 and Trail, proteomics analysis revealed that CM was enriched with enolase 1 (Eno1) and ubiquitin C (Ubc) that presented notable tumor-suppressing actions. Importantly, Eno1 immunoprecipitated CD44, a cell-surface adhesion receptor, and its silencing suppressed Eno1-driven tumor inhibition. A pan-cancer survival analysis revealed that the downregulation of MMP9, Runx2 and Snail by CM had a significant impact on survival outcomes (p < 0.00001). CM presented a selective inhibition of tumor cells compared to non-tumor cells, and it downregulated PD-L1, an immune escape modulator. Conclusions: The tumor-suppressive secretome can be generated from tumor cells, in which β-catenin presented two opposing roles, as an intracellular tumor promoter in tumor cells and a generator of extracellular tumor suppressor in CM. Eno1 was enriched in CM and its interaction with CD44 was involved in Eno1's anti-tumor action. Besides presenting a potential option for treating primary cancers and metastases, the result indicates that aggressive tumors may inhibit the growth of less aggressive tumors via tumor-suppressive secretomes