Non-invertible transformations and spatiotemporal randomness

We generalize the exact solution to the Bernoulli shift map. Under certain conditions, the generalized functions can produce unpredictable dynamics. We use the properties of the generalized functions to show that certain dynamical systems can generate random dynamics. For instance, the chaotic Chua's circuit coupled to a circuit with a non-invertible I-V characteristic can generate unpredictable dynamics. In general, a nonperiodic time-series with truncated exponential behavior can be converted into unpredictable dynamics using non-invertible transformations. Using a new theoretical framework for chaos and randomness, we investigate some classes of coupled map lattices. We show that, in some cases, these systems can produce completely unpredictable dynamics. In a similar fashion, we explain why some wellknown spatiotemporal systems have been found to produce very complex dynamics in numerical simulations. We discuss real physical systems that can generate random dynamics.Comment: Accepted in International Journal of Bifurcation and Chao

Low-Mass Baryon-Antibaryon Enhancements in B Decays

The nature of low-mass baryon-antibaryon enhancements seen in B decays is explored. Three possibilities include (i) states near threshold as found in a model by Nambu and Jona-Lasinio, (ii) isoscalar states with $J^{PC} = 0^{\pm +}$ coupled to a pair of gluons, and (iii) low-mass enhancements favored by the fragmentation process. Ways of distinguishing these mechanisms using angular distributions and flavor symmetry are proposed.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, no figures, to be submitted to Phys. Rev. D. One reference adde

Direct CP-asymmetry in Inclusive Rare B-decays in 2HDM

The direct CP-asymmetry in the inclusive $B \to X_d \gamma$ and $B \to X_d e^+ e^ -$ decays is investigated in the two-Higgs doublet extension of the Standard Model (2HDM). The investigation is performed in the lowest non-vanishing order of the perturbation theory using the existing restrictions on the 2HDM parameters space. It is shown that the direct CP-asymmetry in the $B \to X_d \gamma$ decay can deviate significantly from the Standard Model predictions. In the presence of only one source of CP-violation (the CKM matrix weak phase) $a_{CP}(B \to X_d \gamma)$ can have the sign opposite to that in the SM. The new source of CP-violation can make $|a_{CP}(B \to X_d \gamma)|$ arbitrary small (unlike the SM case) and hence unmeasurable. Quantitatively, the obtained results suffer from the uncertainty of the choice of renormalization scale. As for the $B \to X_d e^+ e^ -$ rate asymmetry, its renormalization scale dependence in the lowest non-vanishing order does not allow to conclude if this quantity is efficient for testing New Physics beyond the Standard Model.Comment: 16 pages including 2 figure

The Neutrino Magnetic Moment Induced by Leptoquarks

Allowing leptoquarks to interact with both right-handed and left-handed neutrinos (i.e., ``non-chiral'' leptoquarks), we show that a non-zero neutrino magnetic moment can arise naturally. Although the mass of the non-chiral vector leptoquark that couples to the first generation fermions is constrained severely by universality of the $\pi^+$ leptonic decays and is found to be greater than 50 TeV, the masses of the second and third generation non-chiral vector leptoquarks may evade such constraint and may in general be in the range of $1\sim 100$ TeV. With reasonable input mass and coupling values, we find that the neutrino magnetic moment due to the second generation leptoquarks is of the order of $10^{-12}\sim 10^{-16} \mu_{\rm B}$ while that caused by the third generation leptoquarks, being enhanced significantly by the large top quark mass, is in the range of $10^{-10}\sim 10^{-14} \mu_{\rm B}$.Comment: 11 pages, 3 eps figures, uses revte

Performance of Opinion Summarization towards Extractive Summarization

Opinion summarization summarizes opinion in texts while extractive summarization summarizes texts without considering opinion in the texts. Can opinion summarization be used to produce a better extractive summary? This paper proposes to determine the effectiveness of opinion summarization generation against extractive text summarization. Sentiment that includes emotion which indicates whether a sentence may be positive, negative or neutral is considered. Sentences that have strong sentiment, either positive or negative are deemed important in text summarization to capture the sentiments in a story text. Thus, a comparative study is conducted on two types of summarizations; opinion summarization using the proposed method, which uses two different sentiment lexicons: VADER and SentiWordNet against extractive summarization using established methods: Luhn, Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and LexRank. An experiment was performed on 20 news stories, comparing summaries generated by the proposed opinion summarization method against the summaries generated by established extractive summarization methods. From the experiment, the VADER sentiment analyzer produced the best score of 0.51 when evaluated against the LSA method using ROUGE-1 metric. This implies that opinion summarization converges with extractive summarization

LAF1, a MYB transcription activator for phytochrome A signaling

The photoreceptor phytochrome (phy) A has a well-defined role in regulating gene expression in response to specific light signals. Here, we describe a new Arabidopsis mutant, laf1 (long after far-red light 1) that has an elongated hypocotyl specifically under far-red light. Gene expression studies showed that laf1 has reduced responsiveness to continuous far-red light but retains wild-type responses to other light wavelengths. As far-red light is only perceived by phyA, our results suggest that LAF1 is specifically involved in phyA signal transduction. Further analyses revealed that laf1 is affected in a subset of phyA-dependent responses and the phenotype is more severe at low far-red fluence rates. LAF1 encodes a nuclear protein with strong homology with the R2R3-MYB family of DNA-binding proteins. Experiments using yeast cells identified a transactivation domain in the C-terminal portion of the protein. LAF1 is constitutively targeted to the nucleus by signals in its N-terminal portion, and the full-length protein accumulates in distinct nuclear speckles. This accumulation in speckles is abolished by a point mutation in a lysine residue (K258R), which might serve as a modification site by a small ubiquitin-like protein (SUMO)

Nonleptonic charmless two-body B→ATB \to AT decays

In this work we have studied hadronic charmless two-body B decays involving p-wave mesons in final state. We have calculated branching ratios of $B\to AT$ decays (where $A$ and $T$ denotes a $^3P_1$ axial-vector and a tensor meson, respectively), using $B \to T$ form factors obtained in the covariant light-front (CLF) approach, and the full effective Hamiltonian. We have obtained that $\mathcal{B}(B^{0} \to a_{1}^{+}a_{2}^{-}) =42.47 \times10^{-6}$, $\mathcal{B}(B^{+} \to a_{1}^{+}a_{2}^{0}) = 22.71 \times10^{-6}$, $\mathcal{B}(B \to f_{1}K_{2}^{*}) = (2.8-4) \times 10^{-6}$ (with $f_{1}=, f_{1}(1285),f_{1}(1420)$) for $\theta_{^{3}P_{1}} = 53.2^{\circ}$, $\mathcal{B}(B \to f_{1}(1420)K_{2}^{*}) = (5.91-6.42) \times 10^{-6}$ with $\theta_{^{3}P_{1}} = 27.9^{\circ}$, $\mathcal{B}(B \to K_{1}a_{2})= (1.7 - 5.7) [1-9.3] \times10^{-6}$ for $\theta_{K_{1}} = -37^{\circ} [-58^{\circ}]$ where $K_1 = K_1(1270), K_1(1400)$. It seems that these decays can be measured in experiments at $B$ factories. Additionally, we have found that $\mathcal{B}(B \to K_{1}(1270)a_{2})/\mathcal{B}(B \to K_{1}(1400)a_{2})$ and $\mathcal{B}(B \to f_1(1420)K_{2}^{*})/\mathcal{B}(B \to f_1(1285)K_{2}^{*})$ ratios could be useful to determine numerical values of mixing angles $\theta_{K_{1}}$ and $\theta_{^{3}P_{1}}$, respectively.Comment: 12 page