22,944 research outputs found
Magnification relations of quad lenses and applications on Einstein crosses
In this work, we mainly study the magnification relations of quad lens models
for cusp, fold and cross configurations. By dividing and ray-tracing in
different image regions, we numerically derive the positions and magnifications
of the four images for a point source lying inside of the astroid caustic.
Then, based on the magnifications, we calculate the signed cusp and fold
relations for the singular isothermal elliptical lenses. The signed fold
relation map has positive and negative regions, and the positive region is
usually larger than the negative region as has been confirmed before. It can
also explain that for many observed fold image pairs, the fluxes of the Fermat
minimum images are apt to be larger than those of the saddle images. We define
a new quantity cross relation which describes the magnification discrepancy
between two minimum images and two saddle images. Distance ratio is also
defined as the ratio of the distance of two saddle images to that of two
minimum images. We calculate the cross relations and distance ratios for nine
observed Einstein crosses. In theory, for most of the quad lens models, the
cross relations decrease as the distance ratios increase. In observation, the
cross relations of the nine samples do not agree with the quad lens models very
well, nevertheless, the cross relations of the nine samples do not give obvious
evidence for anomalous flux ratio as the cusp and fold types do. Then, we
discuss several reasons for the disagreement, and expect good consistencies for
more precise observations and better lens models in the future.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Removal of spacecraft-surface particulate contaminants by simulated micrometeoroid impacts
A series of hypervelocity impacts has been conducted in an exploding lithium-wire accelerator to examine with a far-field holographic system the removal of particulate contaminants from external spacecraft surfaces subjected to micrometeoroid bombardment. The impacting projectiles used to simulate the micrometeoroids were glass spheres nominally 37 microns in diameter, having velocities between 4 and 17 km/sec. The particulates were glass spheres nominally 25, 50, and 75 microns in diameter which were placed on aluminum targets. For these test, particulates detached had velocities that were log-normally distributed. The significance of the log-normal behavior of the ejected-particulate velocity distribution is that the geometric mean velocity and the geometric standard deviation are the only two parameters needed to model completely the process of particles removed or ejected from a spacecraft surface by a micrometeoroid impact
Critical thickness and orbital ordering in ultrathin La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films
Detailed analysis of transport, magnetism and x-ray absorption spectroscopy
measurements on ultrathin La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films with thicknesses from 3 to 70
unit cells resulted in the identification of a lower critical thickness for a
non-metallic, non-ferromagnetic layer at the interface with the SrTiO3 (001)
substrate of only 3 unit cells (~12 Angstrom). Furthermore, linear dichroism
measurements demonstrate the presence of a preferred (x2-y2) in-plane orbital
ordering for all layer thicknesses without any orbital reconstruction at the
interface. A crucial requirement for the accurate study of these ultrathin
films is a controlled growth process, offering the coexistence of
layer-by-layer growth and bulk-like magnetic/transport properties.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
Time Dependent Floquet Theory and Absence of an Adiabatic Limit
Quantum systems subject to time periodic fields of finite amplitude, lambda,
have conventionally been handled either by low order perturbation theory, for
lambda not too large, or by exact diagonalization within a finite basis of N
states. An adiabatic limit, as lambda is switched on arbitrarily slowly, has
been assumed. But the validity of these procedures seems questionable in view
of the fact that, as N goes to infinity, the quasienergy spectrum becomes
dense, and numerical calculations show an increasing number of weakly avoided
crossings (related in perturbation theory to high order resonances). This paper
deals with the highly non-trivial behavior of the solutions in this limit. The
Floquet states, and the associated quasienergies, become highly irregular
functions of the amplitude, lambda. The mathematical radii of convergence of
perturbation theory in lambda approach zero. There is no adiabatic limit of the
wave functions when lambda is turned on arbitrarily slowly. However, the
quasienergy becomes independent of time in this limit. We introduce a
modification of the adiabatic theorem. We explain why, in spite of the
pervasive pathologies of the Floquet states in the limit N goes to infinity,
the conventional approaches are appropriate in almost all physically
interesting situations.Comment: 13 pages, Latex, plus 2 Postscript figure
Observation of ferromagnetic resonance in strontium ruthenate (SrRuO3)
We report the observation of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in SrRuO3 using
the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. The FMR oscillations in the
time-domain appear in response to a sudden, optically induced change in the
direction of easy-axis anistropy. The high FMR frequency, 250 GHz, and large
Gilbert damping parameter, alpha ~ 1, are consistent with strong spin-orbit
coupling. We find that the parameters associated with the magnetization
dynamics, including alpha, have a non-monotonic temperature dependence,
suggestive of a link to the anomalous Hall effect.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Explicit Integration of the Full Symmetric Toda Hierarchy and the Sorting Property
We give an explicit formula for the solution to the initial value problem of
the full symmetric Toda hierarchy. The formula is obtained by the
orthogonalization procedure of Szeg\"{o}, and is also interpreted as a
consequence of the QR factorization method of Symes \cite{symes}. The sorting
property of the dynamics is also proved for the case of a generic symmetric
matrix in the sense described in the text, and generalizations of tridiagonal
formulae are given for the case of matrices with nonzero diagonals.Comment: 13 pages, Latex
Fermions on spontaneously generated spherical extra dimensions
We include fermions to the model proposed in hep-th/0606021, and obtain a
renormalizable 4-dimensional SU(N) gauge theory which spontaneously generates
fuzzy extra dimensions and behaves like Yang-Mills theory on M^4 \times S^2. We
find a truncated tower of fermionic Kaluza-Klein states transforming under the
low-energy gauge group, which is found to be either SU(n), or SU(n_1) x SU(n_2)
x U(1). The latter case implies a nontrivial U(1) flux on S^2, leading to
would-be zero modes for the bifundamental fermions. In the non-chiral case they
may pair up to acquire a mass, and the emerging picture is that of mirror
fermions. We discuss the possible implementation of a chirality constraint in 6
dimensions, which is nontrivial at the quantum level due to the fuzzy nature of
the extra dimensions.Comment: 34 pages. V2: references added, minor corrections V3: discussion
added, final versio
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