Commencement Program, June (1939)

https://red.mnstate.edu/commencement/1056/thumbnail.jp

Coordinates for example trained fish paths, including uninformed fish final positions and arena features

Coordinates are given in pixels

Data from simulation of leadership

Data from simulation of leadershi

Distances from each individual uninformed fish at the end of each trial

Distances are given in pixels unless otherwise stated

Time taken for the first fish in each group to leave at the start of training

Times are given as the frame on the video, and times taken are given in numbers of frames elapsed unless otherwise stated

Main data file for analyses - results per trial with uniformed fish

Times are given as the frame on the video, and times taken are given in numbers of frames elapsed unless otherwise stated. Distances are given in pixels unless otherwise stated

Data S1 from Regulation between personality traits: individual social tendencies modulate whether boldness and leadership are correlated

Data from the experiment in .csv format. In the column names, S1 denotes data is from the first (day 1) single fish Y maze trial, S2 the second (day 2) single fish trial, P1 the first (day 1) paired fish test and P2 from the second (day 2) paired fish test. All times (“T”) are in seconds. SBL is the standard body length of each fish, in cm

Figure 2C from Anthropogenic noise pollution from pile-driving disrupts the structure and dynamics of fish shoals

Noise produced from a variety of human activities can affect the physiology and behaviour of individual animals, but whether noise disrupts the social behaviour of animals is largely unknown. Animal groups such as flocks of birds or shoals of fish use simple interaction rules to coordinate their movements with near neighbours. In turn, this coordination allows individuals to gain the benefits of group living such as reduced predation risk and social information exchange. Noise could change how individuals interact in groups if noise is perceived as a threat, or if it masked, distracted or stressed individuals, and this could have impacts on the benefits of grouping. Here, we recorded trajectories of individual juvenile seabass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) in groups under controlled laboratory conditions. Groups were exposed to playbacks of either ambient background sound recorded in their natural habitat, or playbacks of pile-driving, commonly used in marine construction. The pile-driving playback affected the structure and dynamics of the fish shoals significantly more than the ambient-sound playback. Compared to the ambient-sound playback, groups experiencing the pile-driving playback became less cohesive, less directionally ordered, and were less correlated in speed and directional changes. In effect, the additional-noise treatment disrupted the abilities of individuals to coordinate their movements with one another. Our work highlights the potential for noise pollution from pile-driving to disrupt the collective dynamics of fish shoals, which could have implications for the functional benefits of groups' collective behaviour

Figure 2A from Anthropogenic noise pollution from pile-driving disrupts the structure and dynamics of fish shoals

Noise produced from a variety of human activities can affect the physiology and behaviour of individual animals, but whether noise disrupts the social behaviour of animals is largely unknown. Animal groups such as flocks of birds or shoals of fish use simple interaction rules to coordinate their movements with near neighbours. In turn, this coordination allows individuals to gain the benefits of group living such as reduced predation risk and social information exchange. Noise could change how individuals interact in groups if noise is perceived as a threat, or if it masked, distracted or stressed individuals, and this could have impacts on the benefits of grouping. Here, we recorded trajectories of individual juvenile seabass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) in groups under controlled laboratory conditions. Groups were exposed to playbacks of either ambient background sound recorded in their natural habitat, or playbacks of pile-driving, commonly used in marine construction. The pile-driving playback affected the structure and dynamics of the fish shoals significantly more than the ambient-sound playback. Compared to the ambient-sound playback, groups experiencing the pile-driving playback became less cohesive, less directionally ordered, and were less correlated in speed and directional changes. In effect, the additional-noise treatment disrupted the abilities of individuals to coordinate their movements with one another. Our work highlights the potential for noise pollution from pile-driving to disrupt the collective dynamics of fish shoals, which could have implications for the functional benefits of groups' collective behaviour

Supplementary Material from Anthropogenic noise pollution from pile-driving disrupts the structure and dynamics of fish shoals

Noise produced from a variety of human activities can affect the physiology and behaviour of individual animals, but whether noise disrupts the social behaviour of animals is largely unknown. Animal groups such as flocks of birds or shoals of fish use simple interaction rules to coordinate their movements with near neighbours. In turn, this coordination allows individuals to gain the benefits of group living such as reduced predation risk and social information exchange. Noise could change how individuals interact in groups if noise is perceived as a threat, or if it masked, distracted or stressed individuals, and this could have impacts on the benefits of grouping. Here, we recorded trajectories of individual juvenile seabass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) in groups under controlled laboratory conditions. Groups were exposed to playbacks of either ambient background sound recorded in their natural habitat, or playbacks of pile-driving, commonly used in marine construction. The pile-driving playback affected the structure and dynamics of the fish shoals significantly more than the ambient-sound playback. Compared to the ambient-sound playback, groups experiencing the pile-driving playback became less cohesive, less directionally ordered, and were less correlated in speed and directional changes. In effect, the additional-noise treatment disrupted the abilities of individuals to coordinate their movements with one another. Our work highlights the potential for noise pollution from pile-driving to disrupt the collective dynamics of fish shoals, which could have implications for the functional benefits of groups' collective behaviour