Understanding the Telecommunications Act of 1996

Books Reviewed: Guidebook to the Telecommunications Act of 1996; by Charles D. Ferris, Frank W. Lloyd, and Howard J. Symons; Matthew Bender & Co., Inc. (1996); 298 pages The Telecommunications Act of 1996: Special Report; by Peter W. Huber, Michael K. Kellogg, and John Thorne; Little, Brown & Co. (1996); 428 pages Telecommunications Act Handbook: A Complete Reference For Business; by Leon T. Knauer, Ronald K. Machtley, and Thomas M. Lynch; Government Institutes (1996); 620 pages Legal Guide to Broadcast Law and Regulation; by the National Association of Broadcasters (5th ed. 1996); 700 pages The Telecommunications Act of 1996: What It Means to Local Governments; by Miller, Canfield, Paddock & Stone, PLC; National League of Cities (1996); 38 pages National Regulatory Research Institute (NRRI) Series on the 1996 Telecommunications Act (all 1996): The Eligible Telecommunications Carrier: A Strategy for Expanding Universal Service; by Phyllis Bernt; 87 pages Determining When Competition is Workable : A Handbook for State Commissions Making Assessments Required by the Telecommunications Act of 1996; by David Chessler; 103 pages Convergence and Controversy in Early Interconnection Agreements; by Vivian Witkind Davis and Michael E. Clements; 43 pages State Commission Mediation and Arbitration of Interconnection Agreements: Procedures and Status Under the Telecommunications Act of 1996; by Vivian Davis and Nancy Zearfoss; 43 pages Competition-Enhancing Costing and Pricing Standards for Telecommunications Interconnection; by David Gabel; 44 pages State and Federal Number Portability Policies; by Raymond Lawton and Nancy Zearfoss; 16 pagesRights-of-Way and other Customer-Access Facilities: Issues, Policies, and Options for Regulators; by Edwin Rosenberg and Stella Rubia; 138 page

Working the System

Book Review: FCC Lobbying: A Handbook of Insider Tips and Practical Advice, Erwin G. Krasnow, David R. Siddall, and Michael D. Berg, Washington: Telecommunications Reports International, 2001, 225 pages

Working the System

Book Review: FCC Lobbying: A Handbook of Insider Tips and Practical Advice, Erwin G. Krasnow, David R. Siddall, and Michael D. Berg, Washington: Telecommunications Reports International, 2001, 225 pages

Understanding the Telecommunications Act of 1996

Books Reviewed: Guidebook to the Telecommunications Act of 1996; by Charles D. Ferris, Frank W. Lloyd, and Howard J. Symons; Matthew Bender & Co., Inc. (1996); 298 pages The Telecommunications Act of 1996: Special Report; by Peter W. Huber, Michael K. Kellogg, and John Thorne; Little, Brown & Co. (1996); 428 pages Telecommunications Act Handbook: A Complete Reference For Business; by Leon T. Knauer, Ronald K. Machtley, and Thomas M. Lynch; Government Institutes (1996); 620 pages Legal Guide to Broadcast Law and Regulation; by the National Association of Broadcasters (5th ed. 1996); 700 pages The Telecommunications Act of 1996: What It Means to Local Governments; by Miller, Canfield, Paddock & Stone, PLC; National League of Cities (1996); 38 pages National Regulatory Research Institute (NRRI) Series on the 1996 Telecommunications Act (all 1996): The Eligible Telecommunications Carrier: A Strategy for Expanding Universal Service; by Phyllis Bernt; 87 pages Determining When Competition is Workable : A Handbook for State Commissions Making Assessments Required by the Telecommunications Act of 1996; by David Chessler; 103 pages Convergence and Controversy in Early Interconnection Agreements; by Vivian Witkind Davis and Michael E. Clements; 43 pages State Commission Mediation and Arbitration of Interconnection Agreements: Procedures and Status Under the Telecommunications Act of 1996; by Vivian Davis and Nancy Zearfoss; 43 pages Competition-Enhancing Costing and Pricing Standards for Telecommunications Interconnection; by David Gabel; 44 pages State and Federal Number Portability Policies; by Raymond Lawton and Nancy Zearfoss; 16 pagesRights-of-Way and other Customer-Access Facilities: Issues, Policies, and Options for Regulators; by Edwin Rosenberg and Stella Rubia; 138 page

Churchill and Strategic Dilemmas before the World Wars:Essays in Honor of Michael I. Handel,

One of three volumes of essays (two fo- cus on different aspects of strategy) pub- lished in Handel’s memory, this work is based on a conference held in Newport, Rhode Island. It offers four scholarly pa- pers on Churchill’s assessment of the German naval challenge before the First World War, Pacific security and the lim- its of British power between the wars, Churchill and the German threat in the late 1930s, and Churchill’s views of tech- nology. Each assesses a different aspect of Churchill’s changing role

Integrating gross morphology and bone histology to assess skeletal maturity in early dinosauromorphs: new insights from Dromomeron (Archosauria: Dinosauromorpha)

Understanding growth patterns is central to properly interpreting paleobiological signals in tetrapods, but assessing skeletal maturity in some extinct clades may be difficult when growth patterns are poorly constrained by a lack of ontogenetic series. To overcome this difficulty in assessing the maturity of extinct archosaurian reptiles—crocodylians, birds and their extinct relatives—many studies employ bone histology to observe indicators of the developmental stage reached by a given individual. However, the relationship between gross morphological and histological indicators of maturity has not been examined in most archosaurian groups. In this study, we examined the gross morphology of a hypothesized growth series of Dromomeron romeri femora (96.6–144.4 mm long), the first series of a non-dinosauriform dinosauromorph available for such a study. We also histologically sampled several individuals in this growth series. Previous studies reported that D. romeri lacks well-developed rugose muscle scars that appear during ontogeny in closely related dinosauromorph taxa, so integrating gross morphology and histological signal is needed to determine reliable maturity indicators for early bird-line archosaurs. We found that, although there are small, linear scars indicating muscle attachment sites across the femur, the only rugose muscle scar that appears during ontogeny is the attachment of the M. caudofemoralis longus, and only in the largest-sampled individual. This individual is also the only femur with histological indicators that asymptotic size had been reached, although smaller individuals possess some signal of decreasing growth rates (e.g., decreasing vascular density). The overall femoral bone histology of D. romeri is similar to that of other early bird-line archosaurs (e.g., woven-bone tissue, moderately to well-vascularized, longitudinal vascular canals). All these data indicate that the lack of well-developed femoral scars is autapomorphic for this species, not simply an indication of skeletal immaturity. We found no evidence of the high intraspecific variation present in early dinosaurs and other dinosauriforms, but a limited sample size of other early bird-line archosaur growth series make this tentative. The evolutionary history and phylogenetic signal of gross morphological features must be considered when assessing maturity in extinct archosaurs and their close relatives, and in some groups corroboration with bone histology or with better-known morphological characters is necessary

Health-state utilities in a prisoner population : a cross-sectional survey

Background: Health-state utilities for prisoners have not been described. Methods: We used data from a 1996 cross-sectional survey of Australian prisoners (n = 734). Respondent-level SF-36 data was transformed into utility scores by both the SF-6D and Nichol's method. Socio-demographic and clinical predictors of SF-6D utility were assessed in univariate analyses and a multivariate general linear model. Results: The overall mean SF-6D utility was 0.725 (SD 0.119). When subdivided by various medical conditions, prisoner SF-6D utilities ranged from 0.620 for angina to 0.764 for those with none/mild depressive symptoms. Utilities derived by the Nichol's method were higher than SF-6D scores, often by more than 0.1. In multivariate analysis, significant independent predictors of worse utility included female gender, increasing age, increasing number of comorbidities and more severe depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The utilities presented may prove useful for future economic and decision models evaluating prison-based health programs

Beyond outputs: pathways to symmetrical evaluations of university sustainable development partnerships

As the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005–2014) draws to a close, it is timely to review ways in which the sustainable development initiatives of higher education institutions have been, and can be, evaluated. In their efforts to document and assess collaborative sustainable development program outcomes and impacts, universities in the North and South are challenged by similar conundrums that confront development agencies. This article explores pathways to symmetrical evaluations of transnationally partnered research, curricula, and public-outreach initiatives specifically devoted to sustainable development. Drawing on extensive literature and informed by international development experience, the authors present a novel framework for evaluating transnational higher education partnerships devoted to sustainable development that addresses design, management, capacity building, and institutional outreach. The framework is applied by assessing several full-term African higher education evaluation case studies with a view toward identifying key limitations and suggesting useful future symmetrical evaluation pathways. University participants in transnational sustainable development initiatives, and their supporting donors, would be well-served by utilizing an inclusive evaluation framework that is infused with principles of symmetry