Primary and secondary dissociation pathways in the ultraviolet photolysis of Cl_2O

The photodissociation of dichlorine monoxide (Cl_2O) at 308, 248, and 193 nm was studied by photofragment translational energy spectroscopy. The primary channel upon excitation at 308 and 248 nm was Cl–O bond fission with production of ClO+Cl. A fraction of the ClO photoproducts also underwent spontaneous secondary dissociation at 248 nm. The center-of-mass translational energy distribution for the ClO+Cl channel at 248 nm appeared to be bimodal with a high energy component that was similar in shape to the 308 nm distribution and a second, low energy component with a maximum close to the threshold for the 2Cl+O(3P) channel. Observation of a bimodal distribution suggests that two pathways with different dissociation dynamics lead to ClO+Cl products. The high product internal energy of the second component raises the possibility that ClO is formed in a previously unobserved spin-excited state a 4∑−. Following excitation at 193 nm, a concerted dissociation pathway leading to Cl_2+O was observed in addition to primary Cl–O bond breakage. In both processes, most of the diatomic photofragments were formed with sufficient internal energy that they spontaneously dissociated. The time-of-flight distributions of the Cl_2+O products suggest that these fragments are formed in two different channels Cl_2(3II)+O(3P) and Cl_2(X1∑)+O(1D)

Colonized and Racist Indigenous Campus Tour: Research-in-Brief

This Research-in-Brief explores the macro-structural aspects of college campuses and environments to understand how higher education institutions have created, maintained, and justified hostile campus climates against Indigenous students. It uncovers the embedded racist and genocidal values that are often cherished through dominant campus tours. This includes addressing how an incomplete understanding of history leads to centering oppressive values that disenfranchise Indigenous students in higher education. Offered is an abbreviated interpretation of the concept of Power and Place (Deloria & Wildcat, 2001), centering critical Indigenous values in the assessment. The case study articulates the historical and contemporary aspects of space and place in higher education. The authors embark upon a virtual racist campus tour by rearticulating typical campus tour components: history, student life, academic life, and campus leadership through a critical Indigenous approach. Lastly, recommendations are offered who wish to engage in work that dismantles educational systemic racism

Colonized and Racist Indigenous Campus Tour

This article explores the macro-structural aspects of college campuses and environments to understand how higher education institutions have created, maintained, and justified hostile campus climates against Indigenous students. It uncovers the embedded racist and genocidal values that are often cherished through dominant campus tours. This includes addressing how an incomplete understanding of history leads to centering oppressive values that disenfranchise Indigenous students in higher education. Offered is an abbreviated interpretation of the concept of Power and Place (Deloria & Wildcat, 2001), centering critical Indigenous values in the assessment. The case study articulates the historical and contemporary aspects of space and place in higher education. The authors embark upon a virtual racist campus tour by rearticulating typical campus tour components: history, student life, academic life, and campus leadership through a critical Indigenous approach. Lastly, recommendations are offered who wish to engage in work that dismantles educational systemic racism

Chapter Three. EED library as a basis for systematic reviews

3.1 Defining Systematic Review Question Priorities 3.2 Determining Relevance to the Systematic Review 3.3 Acquisition of References and Copyright Fair Use Compliance 3.4 Documenting Relevance to the Systematic Review 3.5 Data Extraction for the Systematic Review 3.6 EED Library: Search Results Overview 3.7 Quality Control 3.8 EED Library Statushttps://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/tropicalenteropathybook/1004/thumbnail.jp

Chapter Five. Systematic review results by biomarker classifications

5.1 Markers of Absorption and Permeability Overview 5.2 Markers of Absorption 5.3 Markers of Permeability 5.4 Markers of Digestion 5.5 Markers of Intestinal Inflammation and Intestinal Immune Activation 5.6 Markers of Systemic Inflammation and Systemic Immune Activation 5.7 Markers of Microbial Drivers 5.8 Markers of Nonspecific Intestinal Injury 5.9 Markers of Extra-Small Intestinal Function 5.10 Relationships Between Markers of EED, Including Histopathology 5.11 Relationships between EED Biomarkers and Growth or Other Outcomes of Interesthttps://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/tropicalenteropathybook/1006/thumbnail.jp

Chapter Six. Conclusions and future implications

6.1 Summary of Findings 6.2 Future Biomarker and Diagnostics Researchhttps://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/tropicalenteropathybook/1007/thumbnail.jp

Childhood Exposure to Interparental Conflict: Memory Biases and Intergenerational Patterns of Conflict in Romantic Relationships

Testing a model that explains the ways in which interparental conflict shapes later intimate relationships was the goal of the present study. Participants were 94 college students at Virginia Commonwealth University, a large state university with a diverse student body. The study found that violence occurs with alarming frequency in the dating relationships of university students. Analyses also revealed an intergenerational pattern of violence in which individuals from high conflict homes were more likely to use violent conflict resolution strategies in their own adult romantic relationships. Specifically, young adults from homes characterized by high levels of verbal conflict and minor physical aggression were more likely to be both the perpetrator and the victim of physical violence than young adults from adaptive/low conflict homes. These young adults were also more likely to instigate verbal conflict within their own romantic relationships than individuals from adaptive/low conflict homes. Contrary to study hypotheses, young adults who witnessed severe physical violence between their parents were not more likely to be in a relationship characterized by physical or psychological aggression than other participants. Finally, the analyses support the hypothesis that dysfunctional relationship beliefs is a partial mediator through which childhood exposure to interparental conflict influences psychological aggression toward a romantic partner. No evidence of other cognitive and memory biases was found. These findings have important implications for research and intervention efforts

Homeless Shelter Residents: Who are they and what are their needs within a context of rapid economic growth?

People are homeless due to a complex series of factors. Evidence points to the association between homelessness and individual factors, including lack of education, mental illness, addictions, and poverty, and community factors such high unemployment. Yet within the current context of rapid economic growth and low unemployment in Calgary, Canada, homelessness is increasing. The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand inner city homeless shelter residents and their needs within a context of rapid economic growth. This study is part of an ongoing research initiative formed through a partnership between The Salvation Army (TSA) and the University of Calgary to build a foundation for co-learning among the residents of TSA, inter-professional clinical teams, as well as university students and faculty to improve the health and well-being of the community. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten TSA residents. Three patterns of resident behaviors and needs emerged: Stepping Stone, Embedded in the System, and Teetering on the Brink. The service implications of these patterns are discussed

Use of the Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment Program for Patients Being Discharged from the Hospital to the Nursing Facility

Background: The Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) documents patient preferences as medical orders that transfer across settings with patients., Objectives: The objectives were to pilot test methods and gather preliminary data about POLST including (1) use at time of hospital discharge, (2) transfers across settings, and (3) consistency with prior decisions., Study Design: Descriptive with chart abstraction and interviews., Participants: Participants were hospitalized patients discharged to a nursing facility and/or their surrogates in La Crosse County, Wisconsin., Measurements: POLST forms were abstracted from hospital records for 151 patients. Hospital and nursing facility chart data were abstracted and interviews were conducted with an additional 39 patients/surrogates., Results: Overall, 176 patients had valid POLST forms at the time of discharge from the hospital, and many (38.6%; 68/176) only documented code status. When the whole POLST was completed, orders were more often marked as based on a discussion with the patient and/or surrogate than when the form was used just for code status (95.1% versus 13.8%, p<.001). In the follow-up and interview sample, a majority (90.6%; 29/32) of POLST forms written in the hospital were unchanged up to three weeks after nursing facility admission. Most (71.9%; 23/32) appeared consistent with patient or surrogate recall of prior treatment decisions., Conclusion: POLST forms generated in the hospital do transfer with patients across settings, but are often used only to document code status. POLST orders appeared largely consistent with prior treatment decisions. Further research is needed to assess the quality of POLST decisions

Chapter Two. Methodology: Building the EED library and undertaking a systematic review of EED biomarkers/diagnostics

2.1 EED: A Broad Field, Many Unanswered Questions 2.2 Constructing a Systematic Search Strategy Optimizing Sensitivity 2.3 Reference Volume Mitigation 2.4 Building the EED Libraryhttps://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/tropicalenteropathybook/1003/thumbnail.jp