42 research outputs found
Mathematische und naturwissenschaftlich-technische Bildung im Kindergarten: Untersuchung der Wirksamkeit einer beruflichen Weiterbildung von Erzieherinnen
'Mathematische und naturwissenschaftlich-technische Themen halten in jüngster Zeit vermehrt Einzug in die Kindergärten. Erzieherinnen aus dem Raum Hohenlohe-Franken haben dazu an einer berufsbegleitenden Weiterbildung teilgenommen. Ziel der hier vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, abzubilden, welche Veränderungen sich im Kindergarten aufgrund dieser Weiterbildung ergeben können. Dazu wurden 35 Erzieherinnen und 217 Eltern befragt. Für 70 Kinder wurden an einem standardisierten Test die mathematischen Vorläuferkompetenzen erfasst. Die Ergebnisse zeigen für die Kinder aus den Modelleinrichtungen einen signifikant stärkeren Zuwachs in ihrer Leistungsentwicklung. Darüber hinaus interessieren sich die Kinder vermehrt für die mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Themen und zeigen ein entsprechendes neugierig-forschendes Verhalten. Dies sind Hinweise darauf, dass die Kinder von einer stärkeren Betonung der mathematischen und naturwissenschaftlich-technischen Themenfelder in Bezug auf ihre Entwicklung profitieren können.' (Autorenreferat)'German kindergartens recently started to introduce mathematics, science and technology into their curricula. The Richard-von-Weizsäcker-Schule-Öhringen has offered an in-service training for kindergarten teachers addressing these topics. This study investigates the impact of the program in reaching the children in kindergarten. 35 teachers in 12 kindergartens and parents of 217 children filled out questionnaires. 70 children were tested regarding the development of their mathematical concepts twice: before and after the kindergarten teachers from the intervention group took part in their in-service training for a year. The children in the eight intervention kindergartens showed faster/ more advanced development of their mathematical concepts than the children of the four control kindergartens. Furthermore, parents and kindergarten teachers report that children in the intervention group show an increased interest in numbers and other mathematical concepts whereas these changes were not found in the control group. The findings suggest that children might benefit from the introduction of concepts of mathematical concepts and technology in their kindergarten.' (author's abstract)
Optimized identification of advanced chronic kidney disease and absence of kidney disease by combining different electronic health data resources and by applying machine learning strategies
Automated identification of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD ≥ III) and of no known kidney disease (NKD) can support both clinicians and researchers. We hypothesized that identification of CKD and NKD can be improved, by combining information from different electronic health record (EHR) resources, comprising laboratory values, discharge summaries and ICD-10 billing codes, compared to using each component alone. We included EHRs from 785 elderly multimorbid patients, hospitalized between 2010 and 2015, that were divided into a training and a test (n = 156) dataset. We used both the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) and under the precision-recall curve (AUCPR) with a 95% confidence interval for evaluation of different classification models. In the test dataset, the combination of EHR components as a simple classifier identified CKD ≥ III (AUROC 0.96[0.93–0.98]) and NKD (AUROC 0.94[0.91–0.97]) better than laboratory values (AUROC CKD 0.85[0.79–0.90], NKD 0.91[0.87–0.94]), discharge summaries (AUROC CKD 0.87[0.82–0.92], NKD 0.84[0.79–0.89]) or ICD-10 billing codes (AUROC CKD 0.85[0.80–0.91], NKD 0.77[0.72–0.83]) alone. Logistic regression and machine learning models improved recognition of CKD ≥ III compared to the simple classifier if only laboratory values were used (AUROC 0.96[0.92–0.99] vs. 0.86[0.81–0.91], p < 0.05) and improved recognition of NKD if information from previous hospital stays was used (AUROC 0.99[0.98–1.00] vs. 0.95[0.92–0.97]], p < 0.05). Depending on the availability of data, correct automated identification of CKD ≥ III and NKD from EHRs can be improved by generating classification models based on the combination of different EHR components
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Ferroptosis in health and disease.
Ferroptosis is a pervasive non-apoptotic form of cell death highly relevant in various degenerative diseases and malignancies. The hallmark of ferroptosis is uncontrolled and overwhelming peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in membrane phospholipids, which eventually leads to rupture of the plasma membrane. Ferroptosis is unique in that it is essentially a spontaneous, uncatalyzed chemical process based on perturbed iron and redox homeostasis contributing to the cell death process, but that it is nonetheless modulated by many metabolic nodes that impinge on the cells susceptibility to ferroptosis. Among the various nodes affecting ferroptosis sensitivity, several have emerged as promising candidates for pharmacological intervention, rendering ferroptosis-related proteins attractive targets for the treatment of numerous currently incurable diseases. Herein, the current members of a Germany-wide research consortium focusing on ferroptosis research, as well as key external experts in ferroptosis who have made seminal contributions to this rapidly growing and exciting field of research, have gathered to provide a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review on ferroptosis. Specific topics include: basic mechanisms, in vivo relevance, specialized methodologies, chemical and pharmacological tools, and the potential contribution of ferroptosis to disease etiopathology and progression. We hope that this article will not only provide established scientists and newcomers to the field with an overview of the multiple facets of ferroptosis, but also encourage additional efforts to characterize further molecular pathways modulating ferroptosis, with the ultimate goal to develop novel pharmacotherapies to tackle the various diseases associated with - or caused by - ferroptosis
Embodied Cognition and the Direct Induction of Affect as a Compliment to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
We make the case for the possible integration of affect experience induced via embodiment techniques with CBT for the treatment of emotional disorders in clinical settings. Theoretically we propose a possible integration of cognitive behavioural theory, neuroscience, embodied cognition and important processes of client change outcomes such as the therapeutic alliance to enhance client outcomes. We draw from evidence of bidirectional effects between embodiment modes of bottom-up (sensory-motor simulations giving rise to important basis of knowledge) and top-down (abstract mental representations of knowledge) processes such as CBT in psychotherapy. The paper first describes the dominance and success of CBT for the treatment of a wide range of clinical disorders. Some limitations of CBT, particularly for depression are also outlined. There is a growing body of evidence for the added value of experiential affect-focused interventions combined with CBT. Evidence for the embodied model of cognition and emotion is reviewed. Advantages of embodiment is highlighted as a complimentary process model to deepen the intensity and valence of affective experience. It is suggested that an integrated embodiment approach with CBT enhances outcomes across a wide range of emotional disorders. A description of our embodiment method integrated with CBT for inducing affective experience, emotional regulation, acceptance of unwanted emotions and emotional mastery is given. Finally, the paper highlights the importance of the therapeutic alliance as a critical component of the change process. The paper ends with a case study highlighting some clinical strategies that may aid the therapist to integrate embodiment techniques in CBT that can further explore in future research on affective experience in CBT for a wider range of clinical disorders