Illness perception, mood and coping in patients with rhinitis

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A qualitative evaluation of home based contraceptive and sexual health care for teenage mothers

This paper reports on the findings from a qualitative study exploring the experiences of teenage mothers using a nurse-led, home-based contraceptive service designed to prevent repeat unplanned pregnancies. The aim was to understand if, and how the service was effective in equipping teenage mothers to make informed choices about contraception, thus preventing a second pregnancy. Unplanned teenage pregnancy remains a significant focus of health and social policy in the United Kingdom (UK). Despite the long-term pattern of declining conception rates, the UK continues to report higher rates than comparable countries elsewhere in Europe. Current estimates suggest that approximately one fifth of births amongst under 18’s are repeat pregnancies (Teenage Pregnancy Independent Advisory Group, 2009). Services that are designed to reduce second unplanned pregnancies are an important element in promoting teenage sexual health. However, there has been no UK research that explores this kind of service and the experiences of service users. We conducted a qualitative interview study. From 2013–2014 we interviewed 40 teenage mothers who had engaged with the nurse-led, home-based contraceptive service. The data demonstrates that the service was effective in preventing repeat pregnancies in a number of cases. Among the aspects of the service which were found to contribute to its effectiveness were privacy, convenience, flexibility, appropriately timed access, the non-judgemental attitude of staff and ongoing support

Administration of nasal medications to infants and young children – thematic analysis of parents’ experiences in online forum discussions and blogs

Background: Allergic rhinitis is an increasing problem among children in developed countries. A 12-year birth cohort study from 2001 to 2012 on Isle of Wight showed that current-rhinitis and lifetime-rhinitis prevalence increased by 5.5% (22.6-vs-28.1, p=0.004) and 13% (18.6-vs-31.7, p<0.001) respectively. Parents play an essential role in the administration of medication, but to date no qualitative research has focussed on the administration challenges of nasal medications to young children. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of parents administering nasal medications to their children. Using a novel method in paediatric health services research in allergy, online forum discussions and blog posts were used for this matter. Methods: Simple searches in Google were done to identify websites, where parents generally discussed the care of their atopic children. After that, advanced title searches in Google, Yahoo and Bing were done in the most appropriate websites like mumsnet.com, bellybelly.com.au, babycentre.co.uk, etc. Keywords for these advanced searches were: ‘how to nasal spray/drops toddler’, ‘tips nasal spray/drops toddler’, etc. A thematic analysis was used: First, the forum discussions and blog posts were transcribed into Word with line numbers; Transcripts were coded and divided into subthemes and themes; For ethical reasons, only online forum discussions were used which could be accessed without having to sign in. Results: 29 online forum discussions and 1 weblog were analysed, where parents of children with rhinitis symptoms sought advice on how to administer nasal medications or nasal saline irrigation. The following themes were found: 1. Barriers to medication administration: Resistance towards nasal medications shown by infants and young children was widely reported: Other barriers were fear of medications or hatred towards it: 2. Consequences to barriers of medication administration: Very common for parents was to use force because of resistance to medication which led to emotional disturbance in parents: 3. Facilitators for successful nasal medication administration: Several strategies for successful nasal medication administration were suggested like demonstration, distraction, while asleep, or game. Conclusions: This qualitative research highlights the challenges parents face when administering nasal medications to their children with rhinitis; Health professionals need to be aware of these difficulties to advise parents about medication administration appropriately; More research is needed to understand how best to facilitate the delivery of nasal treatment for allergic rhinitis in order to develop optimal control, and possibly prevent progression to asthma

Validity of two common asthma-specific quality of life questionnaires: Juniper mini asthma quality of life questionnaire and Sydney asthma quality of life questionnaire

Background This study explored the psychometric properties (internal consistency, construct validity, discriminative ability) of the Juniper Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini AQLQ-J) and the Sydney Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ-S). Methods One hundred fourty-six adults (18-45 years) with asthma requiring regular inhaled corticosteroids were recruited to a trial of written emotional disclosure. Correlational analyses were performed to understand the relationship of the two measures with each other, with symptoms, lung function, asthma control, asthma bother and generic quality of life. Median quality of life scores were compared according to gender, health care usage and levels of asthma severity. Results AQLQ-J and AQLQ-S total scores correlated strongly with each other (rho = -0.80) and moderately with the EuroQol Current Health Status Scale (AQLQ-J: rho = 0.35; AQLQ-S: rho = -0.40). Domain score correlations between AQLQ-J and AQLQ-S were mostly moderate (0.5 < rho < 0.8). Both QoL measures were significantly correlated with symptom score. Correlations with the symptom score asthma module (AQLQ-J: rho = -0.69; AQLQ-S: rho = 0.50) were stronger compared with the total symptom score and the symptom score rhinitis module (AQLQ-J: rho = -0.41; AQLQ-M: rho =0.31). Neither QoL measure was significantly correlated with FEV1 % predicted at the total or the domain level. Total scores of both measures were significantly correlated with subjective asthma control (AQLQ-J: rho = 0.68; AQLQ-S: rho = -0.61) and asthma bother (AQLQ-J: rho = -0.73; AQLQ-M: rho = 0.73). Conclusions This study provides further evidence for the validity of the AQLQ-J and the AQLQ-S in a British population of adult patients with asthma managed in primary care. Correlations with lung function parameters were weak or absent. Correlations with generic quality of life were moderate, those with asthma symptoms, asthma control and asthma bother were strong. Both measures are able to discriminate between levels of asthma severity

The Real on Food-Related Medical Conditions: Narrativizing the Respective Lived Experiences of Eight Interlocutors Around Their Unique Food Needs

This native ethnographic research project disrupts narratives which limit analytical engagement with food-related medical conditions to the medical, and creates space for unpacking the very real social and emotional implications of suffering from a food-related medical condition. Eight interlocutors’ respective lived experiences, thoughts, and feelings are narrativized and used to understand what it means - holistically - to have medically-imposed dietary restrictions. Some key themes explored in this work include: stigma; embarrassment; the desire to render one’s food-related medical condition imperceptible to others; bullying; privilege (which takes multiple forms); fear of being seen by others as “that person”; race; systemic health inequities; Covid-19 and its relation to everyday living with a food-related medical condition; and anti-Black systemic racism

Loosening the Bounds of Human Rights: Global Justice and the Theory of Justice

A review of: Bounds of Justice by Onora O’Neill. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 219pp

The End of Camelot: An Examination of the Presidency of John F. Kennedy in 1963.

This thesis addresses events and issues that occurred in 1963, how President Kennedy responded to them, and what followed after Kennedy\u27s assassination. This thesis was created by using books published about Kennedy, articles from magazines, documents, telegrams, speeches, and Internet sources. What has been disclosed is that many of the legends attributed to Kennedy simply are not true. In examining this thesis, the reader will understand what Kennedy\u27s political interests were and the impact of his Presidency on future generations

Examining the relationships between forensic practice knowledge, correctional orientation and engagement in core correctional practices among corrections officers

Via their frequency of contact alone, Corrections Officers (COs) have maximal opportunity to role model pro-social behaviour and further rehabilitative outcomes for offenders. Yet previous research indicates that one of the barriers to COs adopting this additional and sometimes contradictory job requirement, is that COs generally maintain largely punitive attitudes towards inmates. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether one reason for CO punitiveness is that these frontline workers lack knowledge of basic forensic practice (FP) research findings which describe elements that lead to offender change. Utilizing mixed-methods, the nature of the relationship between FP knowledge and the Correctional Orientation of COs, consisting of support for rehabilitation (SR) and support for punishment (SP), was explored. Further examined was how FP knowledge, SR and SP related to COs self-reported engagement in Core Correctional Practices (CCPs) which delineate the quality of interactions that facilitate positive rehabilitative outcomes. Employing a new measure of Correctional Orientation developed and piloted on an undergraduate sample (N=148) in Study 1, Study 2 involved surveys of Corrections Workers (CWs) (N=227) employed in the four provincial adult correctional facilities in Saskatchewan. Hierarchical multiple regressions including demographic covariates confirmed a robust relationship between FP knowledge and SR, and FP knowledge and SP. Likewise, though FP knowledge was significantly positively correlated with CCPs, the addition of SR and SP to a third multiple regression on CCPs rendered the contribution of FP knowledge non-significant. SR was a better predictor of CCPs than SP. Finally, in Study 3, eight CWs varying in their survey responses were interviewed. Utilizing thematic analysis three broad models were produced which described the reasons CWs may or may not support rehabilitation or punishment and engage in CCPs. Additional themes describing how interviewees responded to FP research were also generated. In the discussion the findings of all three studies were combined. Notably, SR appears to be more responsive to FP knowledge than SP, while salient job-related experiences of CWs are likely to increase SP. Yet, CWs can increase their SR without a comparable decrease in their SP and vice versa. Interviewees felt that the largest obstacle to their engagement in CCPs were the current features of the institutional settings which generated a cynical, burnt-out and punitive staff culture whereby peer pressure was employed to maintain prescribed modes of interaction. Comprehensive recommendations for reducing stress and burnout, education and training targets, and hiring criteria which could screen out problematic applicants are provided

The Law of Bequest in the Context of Land Reform in Tunisia.

According to our present interpretation of Islamic legal history, the total body of the traditional Shari'a reflects an evolution of social circumstances and moralities of past days. Now that social circumstances of the twentieth century are different from the previous centuries of Islam, one would expect that the Shari'a, when enforced today as a law of personal status, is still evolving, this time according to twentieth century circumstances and values. True to expectations there have been changes in the Shari'a as now applied in statutes, A question still remains, however: How deep and within what limits are these changes? The original limits on the growth of the Shari'a were only the Qur'an and the Sunna of the Prophet and of Followers. As the centuries progressed, the limits on the Shari'a became more numerous. The law became what the jurists dictated. The ''door of 'ijtihad" closed. H.A.R. Gibb succinctly describes the import of the closing of the door: "The principles on which jurists built the system were regarded as immutable and in time the system built on these principles was itself considered an inseparable part of the principles and hence immutable too," (Mohammedanism, Oxford, 1962, page 95) In this century two Muslim countries are considered to have diverged radically from the "immutable" system. They are Turkey and Tunisia. Turkey totally rejected the Shari'a as a source of law to be enforced by the State, even though her leaders and citizens profess the Muslim faith. One may follow the Shari'a in private life, but never expect the State to enforce claims on the basis of the Shari'a. The logic behind the rejection is compelling: The one's can be viewed in its history as a manual that people expected to be enforced in a day when one's religious status was to a large extent one.s legal status. Today one's religious status is a personal matter, not affecting one's legal capacities. Therefore, people cannot expect the Qur'an to be enforced as a law of the State. Islam will still prosper, but only as a religion. Tunisia, on the other hand, has retained legal enforcement of some provisions of the Shari'a and dispensed with others. Tunisia has not explicitly rejected the Quran as a basic source of law, neither has she explicitly named it as a basic source of law. In contrast, Moroccan law provides that where the Code of Personal Status has gaps, the traditional Shari'a shall apply (article 82 of the Code du Statut Personnel et des Successions, Dahir No. 1-57-343 of Rebia II 1377 (22 November 1957) for Parts I and II). Tunisia came closest to denying that the Islamic ethic is the source of the law when one of its enactments provided that no one's religious creed has enough authority to deny the authority of the Tunisian law (Law 57-40 of 27 September 1957-(2 Rabia I 1377) on the suppression of the Rabbinical courts; Beylical decrees of 25 September and 25 October 1956 on suppression of the courts of the Shari'a - By these three laws all Tunisians became subject to the Code of Personal Status promulgated by Beylical decree of 13 August 1956, effective 1 January 1957). On the other hand there are many indications that the law of personal status grew and continues to grow out of the Islamic ethic. The annotated version of the Code of Personal Status (M.T. ES Snoussi, 1970), government memos, the Constitution of June 1959 (Preamble: "The will of the people is to remain bound to the teachings of Islam" - J.O.R.T. NO. 30 of 1 June 1959) all imply that judges shall refer to the Shari'a to answer points not covered in the Code of Personal Stauts. Furthermore, when the Tunisian judges and the President himself speak of the historical evolution of the Shari'a according to social circumstances, the meaning of evolution covers only the reasoned interpretations which old jurists have placed on the Qur'an and the 'ahadith. The concept of evolution does not apply to the Qur'an and the 'ahadith. These basic religious sources re-main for all time; it is the deductions from these sources that change. Tunisians recognise that, in the past, deductions from the Qur'an were coloured with opinions of what was possible and what was not within given century. Today people have a different sense of what is possible and what is not. It is the Tunisian, rather than the Turkish, alternative to legal reform that motivates this dissertation. Tunisians have, in terms of Gibb, kept the principles of Islam immutable; but the system built on them is no longer. regarded as immutable. Tunisia accepts the "moral imperative" of Islam (Gibb, page 191), that is, the obligation to give legal force to the Qur'an as a practical expression of obedience to Allah. Why Tunisia has chosen to accept the imperative; how far she practises obedience; What she has substituted for old interpretations of the Qur'an and 'ahadith and the traditional methodology for arriving at a new practical expression of Islam are questions to which this dissertation addresses itself. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)