Demographics and transport choices of new households on Melbourne’s urban fringe

The growth areas on Melbourne‘s urban fringe are expected to accommodate almost half of the city‘s 600,000 new households over the next 20 years. The growth areas often appear in the literature on transport disadvantage as areas of mortgage stress and social disadvantage, where high levels of car use and ownership are ―forced‖ by long distances and poor access to public transport.This paper finds that residents of the new housing estates in Melbourne‘s growth areas do not fit this description. Households on residential estates in four urban-fringe local government areas are profiled using data from the real-estate company Oliver Hume, and their characteristics compared to growth-area households overall. The paper then examines the car ownership and journey to work of households on these new estates, and asks whether proximity to public transport is a factor in their choice of location

MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURE

Productivity Analysis,

Granulomatous fasciitis followed by morphea profunda: Is granulomatous fasciitis part of a spectrum of deep morphea? A case report and review of the literature.

Although eosinophilic fasciitis is known to be part of the deep morphea spectrum, this first report of the coexistence of granulomatous fasciitis and morphea profunda suggests that granulomatous fasciitis may also be a part of the spectrum of deep morphea

ONLINE AIRLINE TICKETING PREFERRENTION AT SURABAYA

Airlines become a market with many alternatives for consumers to take a trip. Now, there are 46 airlines companies for 2008, likes Air Asia, Batavia Air, Garuda Indonesia, Lion Air, Mandala Air, Merpati, Sriwijaya Air, so on. Those result a strive competition between the airline company. Some airlines offer online ticketing for improving the convinience of their services, so consumers who want to reservation online airline ticketing may access through www.tiket88.com. There are four dimensions for online preferrention; time, price, services and alternatives (Hollensen, 2003). This research to describe students' preferrention on airline ticketing. Sampel for 204 students of university at Surabaya are taken with probability sampling. Analysis used descriptive statistics such as, mean, standard deviation, cosstabulation and frequencies. Results of this research show there are many diverse dimensions of preferrention that students of university at Surabaya said important for online airline ticketing, its different for gender, age, and the year of they entry to the university. Futhermore, airlines company should coordinate their online service accurately and friendly, further research can be done with bigger sample or another object

Redesain Gereja Kristen Jawa Salatiga

Sebagai tempat berkontemplasi yang dianggap sakral dan membutuhkan tingkat kekhusukan yang tinggi tentulah suatu tempat ibadah harus dapat menjaga kenyamanan bagi penggunanya. Hal inilah yang dialami oleh salah satu tempat ibadah di Kota Salatiga yaitu Gereja Kristen Jawa Salatiga. Berletak strategis, memiliki fasilitas memadai, dan mudah diakses menjadi poin positif bagi bangunan yang berada di Jln. Diponegoro Salatiga tersebut. Namun seiring berjalannya waktu, peningkatan jumlah warga yang datang makin membuat ruang ibadah sesak dan menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan warga dalam menjalankan ibadahnya. Suasana yang ramai, bentuk ruang ibadah yang tidak mendukung, dan sirkulasi yang membingungkan membuat kondisi peribadahan menjadi tidak kondusif. Suatu kajian ulang terhadap GKJ Salatiga, dengan mempertimbangkan dari keseluruhan aspek baik fungsional, kontekstual, kinerja, teknis, dan arsitektural akan dapat menghasilkan suatu perancangan yang lebih optimal dan mampu mengatasi permasalahan-permasalahan sesuai dengan harapan warganya

Age-dependent molecular alterations in the autophagy pathway in HIVE patients and in a gp120 tg mouse model: reversal with beclin-1 gene transfer.

Aged (>50 years old) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients are the fastest-growing segment of the HIV-infected population in the USA and despite antiretroviral therapy, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) prevalence has increased or remained the same among this group. Autophagy is an intracellular clearance pathway for aggregated proteins and aged organelles; dysregulation of autophagy is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and HAND. Here, we hypothesized that dysregulated autophagy may contribute to aging-related neuropathology in HIV-infected individuals. To explore this possibility, we surveyed autophagy marker levels in postmortem brain samples from a cohort of well-characterized <50 years old (young) and >50 years old (aged) HIV+ and HIV encephalitis (HIVE) patients. Detailed clinical and neuropathological data showed the young and aged HIVE patients had higher viral load, increased neuroinflammation and elevated neurodegeneration; however, aged HIVE postmortem brain tissues showed the most severe neurodegenerative pathology. Interestingly, young HIVE patients displayed an increase in beclin-1, cathepsin-D and light chain (LC)3, but these autophagy markers were reduced in aged HIVE cases compared to age-matched HIV+ donors. Similar alterations in autophagy markers were observed in aged gp120 transgenic (tg) mice; beclin-1 and LC3 were decreased in aged gp120 tg mice while mTor levels were increased. Lentivirus-mediated beclin-1 gene transfer, that is known to activate autophagy pathways, increased beclin-1, LC3, and microtubule-associated protein 2 expression while reducing glial fibrillary acidic protein and Iba1 expression in aged gp120 tg mice. These data indicate differential alterations in the autophagy pathway in young versus aged HIVE patients and that autophagy reactivation may ameliorate the neurodegenerative phenotype in these patients

Cerebrolysin™ efficacy in a transgenic model of tauopathy: role in regulation of mitochondrial structure.

BackgroundAlzheimer's Disease (AD) and Fronto temporal lobar dementia (FTLD) are common causes of dementia in the aging population for which limited therapeutical options are available. These disorders are associated with Tau accumulation. We have previously shown that Cerebrolysin™ (CBL), a neuropeptide mixture with neurotrophic effects, ameliorates the behavioral deficits and neuropathological alterations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic (tg) mouse model of AD by reducing hyper-phosphorylated Tau. CBL has been tested in clinical trials for AD, however it's potential beneficial effects in FTLD are unknown. For this purpose we sought to investigate the effects of CBL in a tg model of tauopathy. Accordingly, double tg mice expressing mutant Tau under the mThy-1 promoter and GSK3β (to enhance Tau phosphorylation) were treated with CBL and evaluated neuropathologically.ResultsCompared to single Tau tg mice the Tau/GSK3β double tg model displayed elevated levels of Tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. CBL treatment reduced the levels of Tau phosphorylation in the dentate gyrus and the degeneration of pyramidal neurons in the temporal cortex and hippocampus of the Tau/GSK3β double tg mice. Interestingly, the Tau/GSK3β double tg mice also displayed elevated levels of Dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp-1), a protein that hydrolyzes GTP and is required for mitochondrial division. Ultrastructural analysis of the mitochondria in the Tau/GSK3β double tg mice demonstrated increased numbers and fragmentation of mitochondria in comparison to non-tg mice. CBL treatment normalized levels of Drp-1 and restored mitochondrial structure.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the ability of CBL to ameliorate neurodegenerative pathology in the tauopathy model may involve reducing accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated Tau and reducing alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis associated with Tau