Gatekeepers to Success: Missouri’s Exclusionary Approach to School Discipline

This Note first traces the history of the Federal Government’s involvement in education and moves into a discussion of the history of state and local control of education. Carrino uses the context of Missouri law to describe the policy implications of different disciplinary schemes and Missouri’s interaction with these policies. Carrino concludes with an argument for the implementation of a ballot measure in Missouri to better align state discipline statutes with the spirit of the Missouri Constitution and its educational guarantees

The UK NHS Economic Evaluation Database : Economic issues in evaluations of health technology

Objective: The U.K. NHS Economic Evaluation Database (EED) project is commissioned to identify papers on economic evaluations of health technologies and to disseminate their findings to NHS decision makers by means of structured abstracts that are available through a public database and the Cochrane Library. This paper discusses current issues relating to the economic aspects of producing NHS EED abstracts. Methods: A review of NHS EED was undertaken between 1994 and 1999 to determine the methodologies adopted and issues that influence the usefulness of economic evaluations. Methods adopted to improve the quality of NHS EED abstracts are also reported. Results: Eighty-five percent of NHS EED abstracts are cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs), 9.3% are cost-utility analyses (CUAs), and only 1.4% are cost-benefit analyses (CBAs). Of the total abstracts, 65.9% are based on single studies, 19.5% on reviews, 3.9% on estimates of effectiveness, and 10.7% on combinations of these sources. Models are utilized in 16.7% of CEAs, 60.2% of CUAs, and 20% of CBAs. Analyses of CBA studies reveal a degree of misuse of well-established definitions. NHS EED internal control mechanisms are reported that provide a means of ensuring that abstracts are based on sound academic principles. Conclusions: Most economic evaluations are conducted by means of CEA, followed by CUA, while CBA accounts for an extreme minority of cases. Single studies form the principal source of effectiveness data, although models are widely used, principally in CUA. The structure of NHS EED abstracts provides decision makers with the principal results and an interpretation of the relative strengths and weaknesses of economic evaluations

Facilitating positive spillover effects: new insights from a mixed-methods approach exploring factors enabling people to live more sustainable lifestyles

Positive spillover occurs when changes in one behavior influence changes in subsequent behaviors. Evidence for such spillover and an understanding of when and how it may occur are still limited. This paper presents findings of a 1-year longitudinal behavior change project led by a commercial retailer in the United Kingdom and Ireland to examine behavior change and potential spillover of pro-environmental behavior, and how this may be associated with changes in environmental identity and perceptions of ease and affordability as well as perceptions of how participation in the project has helped support behavior change. We draw on both quantitative and qualitative data. Study 1 examines quantitative data from the experimental and a matched control group. Study 2 reports qualitative findings from a follow up interview study with participants of the experimental group. As expected, we found significant changes in reported pro-environmental behavior and identity in the experimental group as well as some indications of behavioral spillover. These changes were not significantly associated with changes in environmental identity. The interviews suggested that group dynamics played an important role in facilitating a sense of efficacy and promoting sustained behavior change and spillover. Moreover, the support by a trusted entity was deemed to be of crucial importance

Risk And Protective Factors Related to Female/Male Use Of Alcohol In Grades 7-12

The purpose of this study was to investigate risk and protective factors related to the use of alcohol during a 30-day time frame for 7th-12 th grade females/males. The comparisons were male non-users to male users, female non-users to female users, and male users to female users. Data were collected from the spring 2003 Grand Forks (North Dakota) Public Schools Youth Risk and Protective Factor Survey (YRPFS). The study was conducted with 666 students: 375 were in grades 7-9 and 291 were in grades 10-12. There were 340 females and 326 males. MANOVA was used to investigate the differences between the comparison groups. The level of significance was set at .01. There were significant differences found at all grade levels for male and female non-users and users of alcohol. Non-users were more likely to have protective factor influences (e.g., personal perception, parent perception, and positive beliefs). Users were more likely to have risk factor influences (e.g., other drug use; friend\u27s influence; school drug use; alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) school availability; and ATOD community availability). There were slight variations between male and female users; males were higher on risk factors, other drug use, and ATOD community availability. There were no significant differences found within any of the comparison groups on 5 of the 14 factors. These were personal support, parent/school involvement, parental relationships, home violence, and school safety. In conclusion, this study found there were specific risk and protective factors that influenced the non-use and use of alcohol by males and females at all grade levels. There were very few differences for male and female users: males were higher on only two of the factors. This study provided significant findings that can be used to develop strategies to promote protective factors and reduce risk factors. Some of the specific recommendations included the need to use these findings and further research on risk/protective factors as a guide to reduce/eliminate the use of alcohol by adolescents. These results must be shared with youth, parents, schools, and communities to develop a collaborative action plan that will promote healthy youth development

Letter from William B. Christie to James B. Finley

In an attempt to re-establish correspondence, Christie writes of his gratitude to Finley for his help in the past. He is concerned about the possible estrangement between them and wants to make it clear that he has always had great affection for Finley. Christie is in feeble health, and reports that the state of religious feeling is low in Urbana and in some respects the state of things unpleasant. My labours here seem to make very little impression. Abstract Number - 199https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/1197/thumbnail.jp

Letter from William B. Christie to James B. Finley

Christie apologizes for not writing sooner. In his capacity as Presiding Elder of the Wooster District, he has attended meetings at several circuits -- Roscoe, Millersburgh, Danville, Wooster, Dover and Waynesburg. He has witnessed the conversion of many sinners. He is glad to hear that a decision has been made to enlarge the page size of the western paper (Western Christian Advocate). The paper should have been printed in the larger page size from the onset. He reports that Brother Sheldon has raised between $4,000 and$5,000 for the Norwalk Seminary. Abstract Number - 541https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/1837/thumbnail.jp

Letter from William B. Christie to James B. Finley

Christie asks Finley to do an errand for him. He would like Finley to pick up a strengthening plaster for his afflicted back from Bro. Anderson. He also asks to borrow the last two issues of The Itinerant, which contain discussions of the Radical Constitution. He hopes things will soon begin to look up in Lebanon. They cannot get much lower. Abstract Number - 101https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/1099/thumbnail.jp

Letter from William B. Christie to James B. Finley

Christie has just moved to Mansfield with his family and expects to set up shop there. People have been very kind to them. He has just finished riding his first two week circuit on a new saddle and is not displeased with his new appointment. There is also a note from his wife about the loneliness she feels when her husband is off riding the circuit. Abstract Number - 123https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/1121/thumbnail.jp

Letter from William B. Christie to James B. Finley

Christie reports on the success of the recent quarterly meeting at his current appointment -- Urbana. Since that meeting, 125 people have applied to be members on trial and some 50-60 have been converted. The town seems to be ripe for revival. In the midst of this revival fever, the actual members of the church are carrying on in the midst of feuds and bickerings. The major point of strife is the choir that was formed three years ago. There are two opposing groups -- pro-choir and anti-choir. He mentions the hard work of Presiding Elder, Rev. (Zachariah) Connell. Abstract Number - 200https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/1198/thumbnail.jp