6,778 research outputs found
On the electric conductivity of highly ordered monolayers of monodisperse metal nanoparticles
Monolayers of colloidally synthesized cobalt-platinum nanoparticles of
different diameters characterized by TEM (transmission electron microscopy)
were deposited on structured silicon oxide substrates and characterized by SEM
(scanning electron microscopy), GISAXS (grazing incidence x-ray scattering),
and electric transport measurements. The highly ordered nanoparticle films show
a thermally activated electron hopping between spatially adjacent particles at
room temperature and Coulomb blockade at low temperatures. We present a novel
approach to experimentally determine the particles charging energies giving
values of 6.7-25.4 meV dependent on the particles size and independent of the
interparticle distance. These observations are supported by FEM (finite element
method) calculations showing the self-capacitance to be the determining value
which only depends on the permittivity constant of the surrounding space and
the particles radius.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Energetics and phasing of nonprecessing spinning coalescing black hole binaries
We present an improved numerical relativity (NR) calibration of the new
effective-one-body (EOB) model for coalescing non precessing spinning black
hole binaries recently introduced by Damour and Nagar [Physical Review D 90,
044018 (2014)]. We do so by comparing the EOB predictions to both the phasing
and the energetics provided by two independent sets of NR data covering mass
ratios and dimensionless spin range . One set of data is a subset of the Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes (SXS)
catalog of public waveforms; the other set consists of new simulations obtained
with the Llama code plus Cauchy Characteristic Evolution. We present the first
systematic computation of the gauge-invariant relation between the binding
energy and the total angular momentum, , for a large sample of,
spin-aligned, SXS and Llama data. The dynamics of the EOB model presented here
involves only two free functional parameters, one () entering the
non spinning sector, as a 5PN effective correction to the interaction
potential, and one ( in the spinning sector,
as an effective next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order correction to the
spin-orbit coupling. These parameters are determined (together with a third
functional parameter entering the waveform) by
comparing the EOB phasing with the SXS phasing, the consistency of the
energetics being checked afterwards. The quality of the analytical model for
gravitational wave data analysis purposes is assessed by computing the EOB/NR
faithfulness. Over the NR data sample and when varying the total mass between
20 and 200~ the EOB/NR unfaithfulness (integrated over the NR
frequency range) is found to vary between and with a
median value of .Comment: 26 pages, 27 figures, results improved with respect to first versio
Accruals, Cash-Flows and Tobinâs q : An Investment Perspective on Firm Accruals
Following Zhang (Accounting Review, 2007) we cast firm accruals in terms of short-term investment. Since many studies consider accruals as a smoothed measure of cash flows, we first adopt Zhang specification and augment the standard Jones model with a cash-flow variable. Second, if accruals are indeed a form of short-term investment they should also be influenced by firmâs performance as measured by Tobinâs q. Consequently we propose a new version of the accrual model including a proxy for Tobinâs q. Given that accounting data and Tobinâs q are generally measured with errors, we also introduce a new estimation method based on a modified version of the Hausman artificial regression, featuring an optimal weighting matrix composed of higher moments instrumental variable estimators. Our results suggest that all the key parameters of the accrual models are indeed systematically biased with measurement errors. More importantly, our findings largely qualify Zhangâs conjecture on accruals, as both cash-flows and Tobinâs q are found strongly significant regressors of firm accruals. Relatedly we find that the Tobinâs q augmented model better isolate discretionary accruals so that the residuals of the equation are particularly well-suited to forecast stock returns.Discretionary accruals; Earnings management; Investment; Measurement errors; Higher moments; Instrumental variable estimators.
Solving linear parabolic rough partial differential equations
We study linear rough partial differential equations in the setting of [Friz
and Hairer, Springer, 2014, Chapter 12]. More precisely, we consider a linear
parabolic partial differential equation driven by a deterministic rough path
of H\"older regularity with . Based on a stochastic representation of the solution of the rough
partial differential equation, we propose a regression Monte Carlo algorithm
for spatio-temporal approximation of the solution. We provide a full
convergence analysis of the proposed approximation method which essentially
relies on the new bounds for the higher order derivatives of the solution in
space. Finally, a comprehensive simulation study showing the applicability of
the proposed algorithm is presented
Accruals, Investment and Errors-in-Variables
We formulate well-known discretionary accruals models in an investment setting. Given that accruals basically consist of short-term investment, we introduce, (i) cash-flows, as a proxy for financial constraints and other financial markets imperfections, and (ii) Tobinâs q as a measure of capital return. Accounting data and Tobinâs q being measured with errors, we propose an econometric method based on a modified version of the Hausman artificial regression which features an optimal weighting matrix of higher moments instrumental variable estimators. The empirical results suggest that all the key parameters of the discretionary accruals models studied are biased systematically with measurement errors.Discretionary accruals; Earnings management; Investment; Measurement errors; Higher moments; Instrumental variable estimators.
Peller's problem concerning Koplienko-Neidhardt trace formulae: the unitary case
We prove the existence of a complex valued -function on the unit circle,
a unitary operator U and a self-adjoint operator Z in the Hilbert-Schmidt class
, such that the perturbated operator does not belong to the
space of trace class operators. This resolves a problem of Peller
concerning the validity of the Koplienko-Neidhardt trace formula for unitaries
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