Smoke Signals: The Intergenerational Transmission of Smoking Behavior

In this paper, we investigate the intergenerational transmission of smoking behavior from parents to their children using data from the German Socio- Economic Panel, surveyed in 1999 including 813 youths aged 16 through 19. We find strong evidence, that parental smoking significantly increases the probability that their children likewise become smokers. Youths living in families with both parents smoking are 3.3 times more likely to smoke themselves, while a smoking father raises the probability by the factor 2.8 and a smoking mother by the factor 2.1. Further, we treat single-parent households separately and control for other socioeconomic factors concerning the youths' smoking decision like household income, educational status and working status. Youths' leisure activities and personal attitudes are taken into consideration to test for determinants influencing youth smoking outside from the family context. Thus policies targeted at reducing juvenile smoking may fail, if parents' behavior is not taken into account.Intergenerational Transmission, Smoking, Family Composition, GSOEP

Industrial high temperature heat pump for simultaneous production of ice-water and process-heat

Industrial processes like dairy production, brewing etc. often require simultaneous cooling and heating. High temperature heat pumps (HTHP) with natural working fluids offer a cost-, energy efficient and sustainable solution. However, availability and performance data and components for HTHP are rare, which is addressed in this work. Here, the performance of a newly developed industrial scale propane-butane cascade HTHP is presented. It has a new developed semi-hermetic compressor, able to operate at high temperatures. The HTHP is installed in a Norwegian dairy and can lift from typical ice-water temperatures at 0.5°C to process hot-water at 112°C. Temperature glides are 4 K and 15 K at source and sink, respectively. Combined heating and cooling COP is 3.0 to 4.0 with a mean at 3.4 were measured. For this condition a temperature lift between heat sink and source was 88 K to 108 K. The highest temperature lift recorded between evaporation and condensation was 125 K. Condenser and evaporator capacities are within a range of 80 kW to 282 kW and 35 kW bis 134 kW, respectively. The cascade HTHP enables to utilizes waste heat form e.g. chilled/ice-water or dry-coolers effectively to supply process heat at 112°C. The HTHP is suited for a both retrofit and new installations reducing energy consumption by up to 64% and CO2-emissions by up to 94%.Industrial high temperature heat pump for simultaneous production of ice-water and process-heatacceptedVersio

Module 4.4 Smart Drying/Möglichkeiten zur Überwachung der Produktqualität und Anpassung der Trocknungsbedingungen /Monitorare la qualità di un prodotto durante la disidratazione

Smart Drying solutions in terms of product controlled drying strategies can improve sustainability of drying processes and increse the quality of the final product

Monitorare la qualità di un prodotto durante la disidratazione (Module 4.4)

Situazione iniziale Possibili impostazioni - Impostazione temperatura - Impostazione velocità dell’aria - Impostazione della temperatura del glicole - Registrazione della temperatura - Registrazione dell’umidità relativa - Registrazione della velocità dell’ari

Influence of the low temperature drying process on optical alternations of organic apple slices

[EN] Drying conditions for convective driers are often based on empirical approaches in which the final product quality is evaluated post processing. Modern sensor technology and data processing enable second-by-second quality analyses but conventional systems do not utilize this possibility. An industrial convective drying chamber was modified with a camera system to investigate the product during the drying process. The obtained data was analyzed on color alternation (CIE-L*a*b* color space and Browning Index), shrinkage and deformation. Both, shrinkage and deformation show minor dependence on drying conditons. The investigation shows the time depending optical parameter at different drying conditions. This might offer new "smart" drying programs with focus on improved product quality.Bantle, M.; Kopp, C.; Claussen, I.; Tolstorebrov, I. (2018). Influence of the low temperature drying process on optical alternations of organic apple slices. En IDS 2018. 21st International Drying Symposium Proceedings. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1325-1332. https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7551OCS1325133

Fluorinated Azobenzenes Switchable with Red Light

Molecular photoswitches triggered with red or NIR light are optimal for photomodulation of complex biological systems, including efficient penetration of the human body for therapeutic purposes (“therapeutic window”). Yet, they are rarely reported, and even more rarely functional under aqueous conditions. In this work, fluorinated azobenzenes are shown to exhibit efficient E→Z photoisomerization with red light (PSS660nm >75 % Z) upon conjugation with unsaturated substituents. Initially demonstrated for aldehyde groups, this effect was also observed in a more complex structure by incorporating the chromophore into a cyclic dipeptide with propensity for self-assembly. Under physiological conditions, the latter molecule formed a supramolecular material that reversibly changed its viscosity upon irradiation with red light. Our observation can lead to design of new photopharmacology agents or phototriggered materials for in vivo use

Selective release of a potent anticancer agent from a supramolecular hydrogel using green light

Light-triggered drug release from hydrogels is a promising method to improve efficiency of antitumor treatment, as an alternative to existing photodynamic therapies. Here we report a photochromic supramolecular low-MW hydrogel that can quickly and selectively release a physically encapsulated potent anticancer agent upon green light irradiation under physiological conditions

Improved process control by surface temperature-controlled drying on the example of sweet potatoes

Convective drying of food has a big impact on the quality of the product in terms of sensory quality and energy consumption. The temperature of the product during the drying process is a major parameter since exceeding can cause damages to the product. The surface temperature of the product can be measured non-disruptive and contact-free with IR-sensors and this information is used as input parameter for the dryer control. A convective drying chamber was modified with modern sensors and a smart control system to control the surface temperature during the drying process and evaluate the influences on the product in terms of sensory quality parameters like shrinkage, deformation and colour alternation. The dehydration rate in the first drying period of the constant surface temperature-controlled methods is about 1.5 to 2.5 times faster than the conventional method where the air temperature is kept constant and the quality parameters are not significant affected.publishedVersio