Scalable Synthesis of 5,11-diethynylated Indeno[1,2-\u3cem\u3eb\u3c/em\u3e]fluorene-6,12-diones and Exploration of Their Solid State Packing

We report a new synthetic route to 5,11-disubstituted indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diones that is amenable to larger scale reactions, allowing for the preparation of gram amounts of material. With this new methodology, we explored the effects on crystal packing morphology for the indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diones by varying the substituents on the silylethynyl groups

The formation of effective investment climate in Ukraine: problems and solutions

В роботі представлені результати дослідження інвестиційного клімату України. Визначено роль іноземних інвестицій в економіці країни, проаналізовано масштаби прямого іноземного інвестування в Україні та виявлено низку перешкод залучення ПІІ в країну. Також надано оцінку міжнародних рейтингових агентств та організацій щодо позицій України в 2013 році та запропоновано шляхи покращення інвестиційного клімату України.This paper presents the results of a study of the investment climate of Ukraine. The role of foreign investments in the economy of the country is defined, the scale of foreign direct investment in Ukraine is analyzed and a number of barriers for FDI in the country is identified. The work also provides an evaluation of international rating agencies and organizations on the Ukraine’s positions in 2013 and suggests ways to improve the investment climate of Ukraine

Ionic Stabilization of the Polythiophene-Oxygen Charge-Transfer Complex

A substantial reduction in the rate of irreversible polymer photo-oxidation was observed through the ionic stabilization of the polymer-O₂ charge-transfer complex (CTC) in amorphous polythiophene thin films. Through the incorporation of anionic functionality containing mobile cations, it was found that CTC stability increases with increasing cation charge density. This results in an increased rate of electron transfer to molecular oxygen relative to photosensitization and reaction of ¹O₂, leading to a reduction in the overall rate of polymer degradation. UV–vis and FTIR spectroscopy were utilized to determine the identity of intermediate and irreversible photodegradation products as well as the effect of ion identity on the dominant photo-oxidation mechanism. As polymer-O₂ CTCs are common in the photo-oxidation of many conjugated polymers, these results have significant implications for the ongoing effort to produce commercially viable organic electronic and photonic devices

Scalable synthesis of 5,11-diethynylated indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diones and exploration of their solid state packing

We report a new synthetic route to 5,11-disubstituted indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diones that is amenable to larger scale reactions, allowing for the preparation of gram amounts of material. With this new methodology, we explored the effects on crystal packing morphology for the indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diones by varying the substituents on the silylethynyl groups

Indeno[2,1‑<i>c</i>]fluorene: A New Electron-Accepting Scaffold for Organic Electronics

A new class of fully conjugated indenofluorenes has been synthesized and confirmed by solid-state structure analysis. These indeno[2,1-<i>c</i>]fluorene molecules, containing an antiaromatic <i>as</i>-indacene core (in red), possess high electron affinities and show a broad absorption that reaches into the near-IR region of the electromagnetic spectrum. All of the featured compounds reversibly accept up to two electrons. Their electronic properties make this class of compounds attractive for applications in organic electronic devices

Solid-State Examination of Conformationally Diverse Sulfonamide Receptors Based on Bis(2-anilinoethynyl)pyridine, -Bipyridine, and -Thiophene

Utilizing an induced-fit model and taking advantage of rotatable acetylenic C­(sp)–C­(sp²) bonds, we disclose the synthesis and solid-state structures of a series of conformationally diverse bis-sulfonamide arylethynyl receptors using either pyridine, 2,2′-bipyridine, or thiophene as the core aryl group. Whereas the bipyridine and thiophene structures do not appear to bind guests in the solid state, the pyridine receptors form 2 + 2 dimers with water molecules, two halides, or one of each, depending on the protonation state of the pyridine nitrogen atom. Isolation of a related bis-sulfonimide derivative demonstrates the importance of the sulfonamide N–H hydrogen bonds in dimer formation. The pyridine receptors form monomeric structures with larger guests such as BF₄^– or HSO₄^–, where the sulfonamide arms rotate to the side opposite the pyridine N atom

Solid-State Examination of Conformationally Diverse Sulfonamide Receptors Based on Bis(2-anilinoethynyl)pyridine, -Bipyridine, and -Thiophene

Utilizing an induced-fit model and taking advantage of rotatable acetylenic C­(sp)–C­(sp²) bonds, we disclose the synthesis and solid-state structures of a series of conformationally diverse bis-sulfonamide arylethynyl receptors using either pyridine, 2,2′-bipyridine, or thiophene as the core aryl group. Whereas the bipyridine and thiophene structures do not appear to bind guests in the solid state, the pyridine receptors form 2 + 2 dimers with water molecules, two halides, or one of each, depending on the protonation state of the pyridine nitrogen atom. Isolation of a related bis-sulfonimide derivative demonstrates the importance of the sulfonamide N–H hydrogen bonds in dimer formation. The pyridine receptors form monomeric structures with larger guests such as BF₄^– or HSO₄^–, where the sulfonamide arms rotate to the side opposite the pyridine N atom