The role of mobile ICT in repair worker communities of practice

The article addresses the lack of focus, in the literature on work and communications technology, on the role played by communities of practice (CoPs) in mediating the impacts of technology change on work. It is argued that the particular characteristics of CoPs, the fact that they are regarded as an end in themselves by community members, make them a key part of the technology-organisation dialectic. By examining the role played by CoPs, it is possible to gain a better understanding of the relationship between work and technology - in particular the unintended consequences of technology change for work and, indeed, for CoPs themselves

The Demand for Teacher Characteristics in the Market for Child Care: Evidence from a Field Experiment

Many preschool-age children in the U.S. attend center-based child care programs that are of low quality. This paper examines the extent to which teacher qualifications widely considered important inputs to classroom quality are valued by providers during the hiring process. To do so, we administered a resume audit study in which job-seeker characteristics were randomly assigned to a large number of resumes that were submitted in response to real child care job postings in 14 cities. Our results indicate that center-based providers may not hire the most qualified applicants. For example, we find that although providers have a strong preference for individuals with previous work experience in early childhood education (ECE), those with more ECE experience are less likely to receive an interview than those with less experience. We also find that individuals with bachelor's degrees in ECE are no more likely to receive an interview than their counterparts at the associate's level, even in the market for lead preschool-age teachers. Furthermore, those revealing high levels of academic performance, as measured by grade point average, are generally not preferred by child care providers. Finally, it appears that some non-quality attributes do not influence hiring decisions (e.g., signaling car ownership), while others have large effects on teacher hiring (e.g., applicant race/ethnicity). Together, our findings shed light on the complex trade-offs made by center-based providers attempting to offer high-quality programs while earning sufficient revenue to stay in business

The Impact of Hydrodynamic Mixing on Supernova Progenitors

Recent multidimensional hydrodynamic simulations have demonstrated the importance of hydrodynamic motions in the convective boundary and radiative regions of stars to transport of energy, momentum, and composition. The impact of these processes increases with stellar mass. Stellar models which approximate this physics have been tested on several classes of observational problems. In this paper we examine the implications of the improved treatment on supernova progenitors. The improved models predict substantially different interior structures. We present pre-supernova conditions and simple explosion calculations from stellar models with and without the improved mixing treatment at 23 solar masses. The results differ substantially.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letter

Confronting deep uncertainty in the forest carbon industry

Global momentum on carbon markets has the potential to direct substantial capital toward protecting the world’s forests. Yet the billion-dollar forest-carbon-offsetting industry is attracting criticism, in part from doubts about the methods used to measure and causally attribute changes in tree cover and biomass (1). Many actors in the industry are thus pursuing increasingly detailed measurement and monitoring of carbon outcomes and risks, under the assumption that this will improve accuracy and offset integrity (2). However, mounting scientific evidence (3, 4) implies that many forest landscapes are subject to “deep uncertainty” (5), such that claims of high accuracy in assessing carbon change are likely to remain inherently contestable, regardless of the technology or methodology deployed. Further, demands for such accuracy are likely to perpetuate inefficiencies and injustices among carbon suppliers (6–9). Approaches from other sectors may offer alternative ways forward in the absence of highly accurate measurements of outcomes

A Practitioner's Guide to Bayesian Inference in Pharmacometrics using Pumas

This paper provides a comprehensive tutorial for Bayesian practitioners in pharmacometrics using Pumas workflows. We start by giving a brief motivation of Bayesian inference for pharmacometrics highlighting limitations in existing software that Pumas addresses. We then follow by a description of all the steps of a standard Bayesian workflow for pharmacometrics using code snippets and examples. This includes: model definition, prior selection, sampling from the posterior, prior and posterior simulations and predictions, counter-factual simulations and predictions, convergence diagnostics, visual predictive checks, and finally model comparison with cross-validation. Finally, the background and intuition behind many advanced concepts in Bayesian statistics are explained in simple language. This includes many important ideas and precautions that users need to keep in mind when performing Bayesian analysis. Many of the algorithms, codes, and ideas presented in this paper are highly applicable to clinical research and statistical learning at large but we chose to focus our discussions on pharmacometrics in this paper to have a narrower scope in mind and given the nature of Pumas as a software primarily for pharmacometricians

The earned income tax credit, health, and happiness

This paper contributes to the small but growing literature evaluating the health effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). In particular, we use data from the National Survey of Families and Households to study the impact of the 1990 federal EITC expansion on several outcomes related to mental health and subjective well-being. The identification strategy relies on a difference-in-differences framework to estimate intent-to-treat effects for the post-reform period. Our results suggest that the 1990 EITC reform generated sizeable health benefits for low-skilled mothers. Such women experienced lower depression symptomatology, an increase in self-reported happiness, and improved self-efficacy relative to their childless counterparts. Consistent with previous work, we find that married mothers captured most of the health benefits, with unmarried mothers' health changing very little following the 1990 EITC reform

The Earned Income Tax Credit, Mental Health, and Happiness

We study the impact of the earned income tax credit (EITC) on various measures of subjective well-being (SWB) using the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) to estimate intent-to-treat effects of the EITC expansion embedded in the 1990 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act. We use a difference-in-differences framework that compares the pre-and post-expansion SWB-changes of women likely eligible for the EITC (low-skilled mothers of working age) to the SWB-changes of a comparison group that is likely ineligible (low-skilled, childless women of working age). Our results suggest that the EITC expansion generated sizeable SWB-improvements in the three major categories of SWB identified in the literature. The NSFH is one of few datasets containing all three major categories of SWB. Subgroup analyses by marital status suggest that improvements accrued more to married than unmarried mothers. Relative to their childless counterparts, married mothers experienced a 15.7% decrease in depression symptomatology (experiential SWB), a 4.4% increase in happiness (evaluative SWB), and a 10.1% increase in self-esteem (eudemonic SWB). We also present specification checks that increase confidence that the observed SWB-effects are explained by the OBRA90 EITC expansion. Lastly, we explore mechanisms that may explain the differential impact of the EITC expansion by marital status

European Frogbit (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae) in the Champlain/Adirondack Region: Recent Inferences

As part of its north-south movement following introduction to Canada, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. (Hydrocharitaceae) has recently become established in slow-moving waters of the Champlain/Adirondack region of the northeastern US. The species is present on both the New York and Vermont shores of Lake Champlain and, so far, at a single location in the interior of the Adirondack Park. The southernmost Champlain/Adirondack occurrence is in the Champlain Canal south of Whitehall, NY (L. Eichler, Darrin Freshwater Institute, pers. comm.), within 25 miles of the Hudson River watershed—a population first recorded around 2006. Entry into the Hudson watershed, whether from the canal or Adirondack headwaters, has the potential to increase the spread of European frogbit well beyond the handful of spot occurrences currently recorded in the rest of the Northeast. The objective of this note is to summarize findings derived from recent student-driven research conducted on the status and biology of H. morsus-ranae in the Champlain/Adirondack region

Protest Medicine: How To Leverage Your Role As A Provider During Civil Unrest

Research presentation describing the following event: This was an interdisciplinary event educating and informing participants on how different health care providers can leverage their role to provide basic First Aid and Medical support to communities during civil unrest. The event was inspired by the protests following the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis and discusses the role of a Street Medic. The event was led by a team of University of New England (UNE) students hailing from: the College of Osteopathic Medicine, the Doctor of Physical Therapy program, the Masters of Occupational Therapy program, the Accelerated Bachelors of Science in Nursing program, and the Westbrook College of Health Professionals.https://dune.une.edu/cecespring2021/1004/thumbnail.jp