Volunteering for INSPIRE : the AGI experience.

The Association for Geographic Information (AGI) is the UK volunteer membership body for everyone with an interest in geographic information. It serves members from all sectors including public, private, the third sector, academia, students and individuals. This paper describes how a voluntary organisation with very limited funds, and representing a wide cross section of the industry, has made – and is continuing to make – a significant contribution to the development of the INSPIRE Directive. It includes a summary of how AGI has supported the Directive, documenting the validity, the experience and the lessons learnt. Both AGI and INSPIRE seek to ‘maximise the use of geographic information for the benefit of the citizen, good governance and commerce.' AGI has been actively engaged from the first stages of the INSPIRE programme. It has responded to all consultations from the EC as well as those from the UK. This has been achieved by volunteers from across the UK and particularly those in the Devolved Administrations such as Scotland. AGI set up an Action Working Group in 2007 which tracked the Transposition stage and is now ensuring that AGI contributes to the Implementation phase. The AGI’s Scottish committee prepared a report to encourage the Scottish Government to act. This led to the publication of ‘One Scotland - One Geography’ in 2005 which is regarded as a model for other countries to follow. AGI is represented by its Director on the UK Location Council – responsible for the UK Location Strategy and oversight of the UK Location Programme – where it provides a focus for commercial, academic and third sector organisations. AGI has provided direct help for awareness events and technical workshops as well as organising an annual conference that always has INSPIRE or Location Programme ‘streams’

Comparing methods of barometric efficiency characterisation for specific storage estimation

Groundwater responses to barometric pressure fluctuations are characterized using the concept of barometric efficiency (BE). For semiconfined and confined aquifers, BE values can be used to provide efficient, low-cost estimates of specific storage. This study compares, for the first time, eight existing methods of BE estimation. Comparisons were undertaken using data from the Peel region of Western Australia. Fourier analysis and regression deconvolution methods were used to estimate aquifer confinement status. The former approach was found to be robust and provided a quantitative basis for spatial comparisons of the degree of confinement. The latter approach was confounded by the presence of diurnal and/or semidiurnal signals. For wells at which semiconfined or confined responses were identified, frequency and time domain methods were used to estimate BE values. Most BE estimation methods were similarly confounded by diurnal and/or semidiurnal signals, with the exception of the Acworth et al. (2016) method. Specific storage values calculated from BE values were order-of-magnitude consistent with the results of four historical pumping tests. The methods implemented in this research provide efficient, low-cost alternatives to hydraulic testing for estimating aquifer confinement, as well as the BE and specific storage of semiconfined and confined aquifers. The frequency and duration of observations required by these methods are minimal; for example, typically requiring a minimum of four observations per day over a four month period. In some locations they may allow additional insights to be derived from existing groundwater hydrograph data

Spatial Variability of Soil Phosphorus in Grazing Systems

Phosphorus (P) use efficiency has been identified as a key issue for Australian grazing systems. This project examined the spatial variability in soil P concentration from two separate surveys of grazed pasture fields. A field on the central tablelands of NSW had a range in Bray P of 1.2 to 140 mg/kg and a COV of 107%. The other field on the northern tablelands of NSW reported a range in Colwell P from 13.0 to 121.1 mg/kg and a COV of 59%. Maps of the spatial variability of soil P demonstrated that there is a relationship with field elevation. Application of critical P values to both fields enabled an estimation of the value of site specific fertiliser management. For one field, fertiliser inputs could potentially be isolated to 37% and the other 56% if nutrient additions were targeted at responsive areas. The opportunity for increased fertiliser use efficiency through site specific management (SSM) warrants further investigation. Research is required into both the value of SSM and the techniques that might enable the development of this strategy

‘Getting Back Into the Swing of Things’: A Qualitative Study Into Barriers and Facilitators to Golf Participation for Stroke Survivors

This paper draws on interviews with four stroke survivors (age range = 52–68 years), who participated in a six week ‘Get-into-Golf’ program and four coaches with experiences of delivering disability golf sessions, to examine the barriers and facilitators to golf participation. Findings indicate a positive response from participants, who referred to the social and physical benefits of the program that was perceived to promote independence. The results also highlight that considerations in regards to format, equipment, cost, access and overall awareness should be borne in mind for golf programs among people with disabilities. Golf clubs could employ this framework to help facilitate the participation of people with physical limitations. It is argued that opportunities to promote golf as a lifelong physical activity among people with disabilities may be missed in clubs where personnel are unsure of the barriers and facilitators to participation outlined here

Repeated Acceleration Activity in Competitive Youth Soccer

Soccer match-play is increasingly characterised by short, high-speed bursts reliant on the ability to accelerate. Performance is impaired after peak acceleration activity and during the second half and may compromise a player’s effectiveness. To date, information about repeated acceleration sequences is lacking but would provide further insight into high-speed activity during competition. This study examined repeated acceleration ability (RAA) using GPS (5 Hz) and accelerometer (100 Hz), during 14 competitive youth soccer matches from the 2014–2015 season. Results showed that RAA profiles were relatively homogeneous, and there were no significant differences between playing positions. RAA activity was also relatively stable between playing halves and only the activity of forwards declined significantly. In summary, this study suggests that RAA is a generic requirement of match-play at this level but presents a specific focus for conditioning regimens

Attributing variations of temporal and spatial groundwater recharge: a statistical analysis of climatic and non-climatic factors

This paper demonstrated the benefits of statistical methods when investigating the climatic and non-climatic drivers responsible for variations in groundwater recharge with a series of up to 43 years of annual recharge for 426 bores in South-East South Australia. We identified the factors influencing groundwater recharge based on 71 climatic metrics and 13 non-climatic metrics (including groundwater abstraction). The results showed: 1) Rainfall during April to October was the most important variable influencing recharge temporal variation, with its decline identified as the most significant factor related to recharge reduction; 2) In contrast, a negative correlation between rainfall during December to February (DJF) and annual groundwater recharge was found. This suggests that a seasonal shift in rainfall (such as decreasing rainfall during April to October and an increase during DJF) can result in a decline in recharge even when the annual rainfall remains unchanged; 3) The length of wet spells (consecutive rain days) and increasing PET were additional significant predictors for recharge temporal variation. It demonstrated that a simple empirical relationship (such as recharge as a fixed percentage of rainfall) is not a reliable estimation of renewable groundwater resources under changing climatic conditions; 4) There is a statistically significant spatial correlation between mean groundwater depth and recharge, and this implies that a reduction in rainfall can lead to a positive feedback loop of declining recharge and water level; 5) Spatially the most statistically significant factors influencing groundwater recharge were soil types and land attributes. The findings of this study can identify which stressors should be included when investigating the impact of climate change on groundwater recharge

Increased susceptibility of transgenic mice expressing human PrP to experimental sheep bovine spongiform encephalopathy is not due to increased agent titre in sheep brain tissue

Rona Barron - ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4512-9177Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in humans have previously been shown to be caused by the same strain of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agent. It is hypothesized that the agent spread to humans following consumption of food products prepared from infected cattle. Despite evidence supporting zoonotic transmission, mouse models expressing human prion protein (HuTg) have consistently shown poor transmission rates when inoculated with cattle BSE. Higher rates of transmission have however been observed when these mice are exposed to BSE that has been experimentally transmitted through sheep or goats, indicating that humans may potentially be more susceptible to BSE from small ruminants. Here we demonstrate that increased transmissibility of small ruminant BSE to HuTg mice was not due to replication of higher levels of infectivity in sheep brain tissue, and is instead due to other specific changes in the infectious agent.https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.065730-095pubpub

Increased susceptibility of transgenic mice expressing human PrP to experimental sheep BSE is not due to increased agent titre in sheep brain tissue

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in humans have previously been shown to be caused by the same strain of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agent. It is hypothesized that the agent spread to humans following consumption of food products prepared from infected cattle. Despite evidence supporting zoonotic transmission, mouse models expressing human prion protein (HuTg) have consistently shown poor transmission rates when inoculated with cattle BSE. Higher rates of transmission have however been observed when these mice are exposed to BSE that has been experimentally transmitted through sheep or goats, indicating that humans may potentially be more susceptible to BSE from small ruminants. Here we demonstrate that increased transmissibility of small ruminant BSE to HuTg mice was not due to replication of higher levels of infectivity in sheep brain tissue, and is instead due to other specific changes in the infectious agent

Identification of Phosphorylation Sites Altering Pollen Soluble Inorganic Pyrophosphatase Activity

Protein phosphorylation regulates numerous cellular processes. Identifying the substrates and protein kinases involved is vital to understand how these important posttranslational modifications modulate biological function in eukaryotic cells. Pyrophosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of inorganic phosphate (PPi) to inorganic phosphate Pi, driving biosynthetic reactions; they are essential for low cytosolic inorganic phosphate. It was suggested recently that posttranslational regulation of Family I soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases (sPPases) may affect their activity. We previously demonstrated that two pollen-expressed sPPases, Pr-p26.1a and Pr-p26.1b, from the flowering plant Papaver rhoeas were inhibited by phosphorylation. Despite the potential significance, there is a paucity of data on sPPase phosphorylation and regulation. Here, we used liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry to map phosphorylation sites to the otherwise divergent amino-terminal extensions on these pollen sPPases. Despite the absence of reports in the literature on mapping phosphorylation sites on sPPases, a database survey of various proteomes identified a number of examples, suggesting that phosphorylation may be a more widely used mechanism to regulate these enzymes. Phosphomimetic mutants of Pr-p26.1a/b significantly and differentially reduced PPase activities by up to 2.5-fold at pH 6.8 and 52% in the presence of Ca2+ and hydrogen peroxide over unmodified proteins. This indicates that phosphoregulation of key sites can inhibit the catalytic responsiveness of these proteins in concert with key intracellular events. As sPPases are essential for many metabolic pathways in eukaryotic cells, our findings identify the phosphorylation of sPPases as a potential master regulatory mechanism that could be used to attenuate metabolism

Doctoral Recital

Program listing performers and works performe