Evolution of honesty in higher-order social networks

Sender-receiver games are simple models of information transmission that provide a formalism to study the evolution of honest signaling and deception between a sender and a receiver. In many practical scenarios, lies often affect groups of receivers, which inevitably entangles the payoffs of individuals to the payoffs of other agents in their group, and this makes the formalism of pairwise sender-receiver games inapt for where it might be useful the most. We therefore introduce group interactions among receivers and study how their interconnectedness in higher-order social networks affects the evolution of lying. We observe a number of counterintuitive results that are rooted in the complexity of the underlying evolutionary dynamics, which has thus far remained hidden in the realm of pairwise interactions. We find conditions for honesty to persist even when there is a temptation to lie, and we observe the prevalence of moral strategy profiles even when lies favor the receiver at a cost to the sender. We confirm the robustness of our results by further performing simulations on hypergraphs created from real-world data using the SocioPatterns database. Altogether, our results provide persuasive evidence that moral behavior may evolve on higher-order social networks, at least as long as individuals interact in groups that are small compared to the size of the network

Compartment syndrome of the hand: A case report and review of literature

© 2017 The Authors Elevation of pressure within tightly bound myofascial compartments has detrimental consequences if not treated promptly, leading to a loss of circulation, ischemia, myonecrosis, nerve damage, and limb loss. They are commonly seen in the distal upper and lower extremities; however, compartment syndrome of the hand is rarely encountered and prompt recognition can prevent permanent damage and tissue loss. This case study presents a complicated case of compartment syndrome of the hand and discusses the interrelationship between compartment syndrome and rhabdomyolysis. An emphasis is placed on pathophysiology of this relationship to allow a better understanding of the imaging features as well as early clinical recognition of compartment syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging findings are specifically discussed as it remains the best imaging tool to evaluate the extent of the damage and surgical planning

Inherent-Structure Dynamics and Diffusion in Liquids

The self-diffusion constant D is expressed in terms of transitions among the local minima of the potential (inherent structure, IS) and their correlations. The formulae are evaluated and tested against simulation in the supercooled, unit-density Lennard-Jones liquid. The approximation of uncorrelated IS-transition (IST) vectors, D_{0}, greatly exceeds D in the upper temperature range, but merges with simulation at reduced T ~ 0.50. Since uncorrelated IST are associated with a hopping mechanism, the condition D ~ D_{0} provides a new way to identify the crossover to hopping. The results suggest that theories of diffusion in deeply supercooled liquids may be based on weakly correlated IST.Comment: submitted to PR

Description of Rhabdolaimus sclerorectum sp. n. (nematoda: Rhabdolaimidae) from Aligarh, India

Rhabdolaimus sclerorectum sp. n. is described and illustrated (L = 0.47-0.67; a = 24-29; b = 4.7-5.6; c = 3.7-4.1; c' = 6.9-9.0; V = 39-43%). The new species is characterised by its medium-sized body; stoma armed anteriorly with a large daw-shaped dorsal tooth and two smaller conical, sub-ventral teeth; pharynx with pyriform valvate basal bulb; a pair of pseudocoelomocytes posterior lo cardia; didelphic genital system with reflexed ovaries; vagina with round sclerotised thickenings; rectum with thick sclerotised posterior lining; and tail with a long and cylindroid terminal spinneret

Myocardial Function in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Insights Using Conventional and Novel Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Techniques

AIM: Using conventional and novel cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques, we examined cardiac function in a cohort of late cancer survivors, previously studied with echocardiography in childhood. We compared to healthy controls, to characterize current state in the context of longitudinal functional data. METHODS: 30 patients treated with anthracyclines in childhood and 19 matched controls underwent echocardiography and CMR. Additionally, CMR myocardial T1 maps were obtained using a Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery (MOLLI) sequence, and CMR tissue phase mapping (TPM) was performed using a rotating golden-angle spiral acquisition. RESULTS: Patients were a median (range) age 33 (25-43) years, and were studied 27(16-33) years following a cumulative anthracycline dose of 220 (90-370) mg/m2. Mean extracellular volume fraction (ECV) in patients was 0.26 ± 0.04, and was higher in patients receiving cumulative doses of >300mg/m2 (0.25 ± 0.02 vs. 0.28 ± 0.05, p=0.02). Native myocardial T1 was similar between patients and controls (967 ± 37 vs. 960 ± 37, p=0.53). TPM-derived LV radial and longitudinal systolic velocities, and longitudinal E:A ratio were not significantly reduced. Current CMR-derived LV ejection fraction was normal, although reduced compared to controls (61% ± 6 vs. 65% ± 5, p<0.01). This correlated negatively with cumulative anthracycline dose (R2 0.26, p<0.01) and positively with historic echo fractional shortening (R2 0.27, p <0.03). CONCLUSION: This detailed CMR assessment of a cohort of survivors, 25 years following childhood anthracycline chemotherapy, showed persistent impairment, but often sub-clinical and dose-dependent. Novel CMR myocardial characterization and motion analysis found no differences compared to controls, but with greater numbers, these techniques may provide insight into long-term features of myocardial damage and remodeling

Automated frequency tuning of SRF cavities at CEBAF

An automated cavity tuning procedure has been implemented in the CEBAF control system to tune the superconducting RF (SRF) cavities to their operating frequency of 1497 MHz. The capture range for coarse tuning algorithm (Burst Mode) is more than 20 cavity bandwidths (5 kHz). The fine tuning algorithm (Sweep Mode) calibrates the phase offset in the detuning angle measurement. This paper describes the implementation of these algorithms and experience of their operation in CEBAF control system. 3 refs., 5 figs

Fractional flow reserve vs. angiography in guiding management to optimize outcomes in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the British Heart Foundation FAMOUS-NSTEMI randomized trial

Aim: We assessed the management and outcomes of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients randomly assigned to fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided management or angiography-guided standard care. Methods and results: We conducted a prospective, multicentre, parallel group, 1 : 1 randomized, controlled trial in 350 NSTEMI patients with &#8805; coronary stenosis &#8805;30% of the lumen diameter assessed visually (threshold for FFR measurement) (NCT01764334). Enrolment took place in six UK hospitals from October 2011 to May 2013. Fractional flow reserve was disclosed to the operator in the FFR-guided group (n = 176). Fractional flow reserve was measured but not disclosed in the angiography-guided group (n = 174). Fractional flow reserve &#8804;0.80 was an indication for revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). The median (IQR) time from the index episode of myocardial ischaemia to angiography was 3 (2, 5) days. For the primary outcome, the proportion of patients treated initially by medical therapy was higher in the FFR-guided group than in the angiography-guided group [40 (22.7%) vs. 23 (13.2%), difference 95% (95% CI: 1.4%, 17.7%), P = 0.022]. Fractional flow reserve disclosure resulted in a change in treatment between medical therapy, PCI or CABG in 38 (21.6%) patients. At 12 months, revascularization remained lower in the FFR-guided group [79.0 vs. 86.8%, difference 7.8% (−0.2%, 15.8%), P = 0.054]. There were no statistically significant differences in health outcomes and quality of life between the groups. Conclusion: In NSTEMI patients, angiography-guided management was associated with higher rates of coronary revascularization compared with FFR-guided management. A larger trial is necessary to assess health outcomes and cost-effectiveness

Improving Postrainy Sorghum Varieties to Meet the Growing Grain and Fodder Demand in India

The grain and stover residues of postrainy sorghum play an almost equally important role in the sorghum value chain, and the premium price of stover is linked to stover qualit

The Potential Energy Landscape and Mechanisms of Diffusion in Liquids

The mechanism of diffusion in supercooled liquids is investigated from the potential energy landscape point of view, with emphasis on the crossover from high- to low-T dynamics. Molecular dynamics simulations with a time dependent mapping to the associated local mininum or inherent structure (IS) are performed on unit-density Lennard-Jones (LJ). New dynamical quantities introduced include r2_{is}(t), the mean-square displacement (MSD) within a basin of attraction of an IS, R2(t), the MSD of the IS itself, and g_{loc}(t) the mean waiting time in a cooperative region. At intermediate T, r2_{is}(t) posesses an interval of linear t-dependence allowing calculation of an intrabasin diffusion constant D_{is}. Near T_{c} diffusion is intrabasin dominated with D = D_{is}. Below T_{c} the local waiting time tau_{loc} exceeds the time, tau_{pl}, needed for the system to explore the basin, indicating the action of barriers. The distinction between motion among the IS below T_{c} and saddle, or border dynamics above T_{c} is discussed.Comment: submitted to pr