Breast feeding practices and newborn care in rural areas: A descriptive cross-sectional study

<b>Context:</b> Breastfeeding practices play an important role in reducing child mortality and morbidity. This study was aimed to describe the breastfeeding practices prevalent in rural areas. <b> Objectives:</b> The primary objective of this study was to describe the breastfeeding and newborn care practices in rural areas and the secondary objective was to describe the factors affecting the initiation and duration of breastfeeding. <b> Settings and Design:</b> The study was conducted in primary health care center (PHC) that is attached to a medical college in Kengeri, rural Bangalore, Karnataka. <b> Materials and Methods:</b> Mothers with children who were 9 months old who came to the PHC for measles vaccination were included in the study and data was collected using the pre-tested questionnaire on breastfeeding and newborn practices. <b> Results: </b> Our study shows 97&#x0025; of the mothers initiated breastfeeding, 19&#x0025; used pre lacteal feeds, 90&#x0025; had hospital deliveries and 10&#x0025; had home deliveries, and 50&#x0025; used a house knife to cut the umbilical cord among home deliveries. <b> Conclusions:</b> This study emphasizes the need for breastfeeding intervention programs especially for the mother during antenatal and postnatal check-ups and practices like discarding the colostrum and early/late weaning are still widely prevalent and need to be addressed

Discovery of 3-chlorobenzyl-linked 1,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane derivatives, a lead for dengue virus type 2 infection

Dengue virus poses a serious worldwide health threat with up to 400 million infections occurring annually in over 100 countries. Currently, there are no specific therapeutics available, and the only Licensed vaccine is used to mitigate the risk of hospitalization in immunologically naive individuals. In the current work, for the first time we are reporting dengue virus type 2 (DENV2) inhibitory activity in newly designed 3-chLorobenzyL-Linked 1,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane derivatives. Compounds with substitutions featuring 2-methyLbenzyL (SPO 6, EC50 = 11.43 +/- 0.87 mu M), 4-bromobenzyL (SPO 7, EC50 = 14.15 +/- 0.50 mu M), and 4-cyanobenzyl (SPO-13, EC50 = 20.77 +/- 1.92 mu M) groups and the antiviral drug ribavirin (IC50 = 50.9 +/- 18 mu M, J. Gen. Virol., 2006, 87, 1947-1952) were found to be potent against DENV2 in a cell-based assay. Docking calculations identified NS5-methyLtransferase as the most probable target for this series of compounds. Molecular dynamics simulations of NS5-methyLtransferase reproduced the experimental binding affinity findings by yielding Delta G(bind) values that predicted SPO-6 to possess the most favorable binding energy of -27.2 +/- 3.9 kcaL mol(-1) compared with SPO-7, SPO-13 and ribavirin with -22.5 +/- 4.7, -22.5 +/- 4.6 and -20.0 +/- 4.6 kcaL mol(-1), respectively. In addition, based on Lipinski's rule of five, SPO-6 was found to be non-toxic and possessed a better drug-Likeness score (5.87) in comparison with the standard drug ribavirin (1.72)

Venous Thromboembolism Risk and Prophylaxis in the Acute Care Hospital Setting (ENDORSE Survey) Findings in Surgical Patients

Objective: To evaluate venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in patients who underwent a major operation, including the use of, and factors influencing, American College of Chest Physicians-recommended types of VTE prophylaxis