CORRELATION BETWEEN ALTERNANS OF EARLY AND LATE PHASES OF VENTRICULAR ACTION POTENTIAL

Several studies suggest that action potential duration (APD) alternans play an important role in initiation of arrhythmias, while less is known about the alternans of early phases of action potential (AP) and phase relation between the two. Transmembrane potentials recorded from swine and canine ventricles were analyzed to determine the correlation and phase relation between alternans of early and late phases of an AP. In both species, for activation intervals ≤ 400 ms, action potential amplitude (APA) alternans occurred≥ 50% of times when APD alternans occurred and vice versa, both were mostly in phase. Also, alternans of APA and APD were mostly in phase with alternans of maximal rate of depolarization. The correlation between alternans in early and later parts of AP, however, was variable between species; APD10 and APD90 alternans were out of phase 81 % versus 34 % in canines and swines. These observations suggest that ionic mechanisms underlying alternans of depolarization and early repolarization phases may be distinct from those underlying later phases of repolarization. Simulations conducted to see the spatiotemporal effect of phase behavior between these alternans show that out of phase behavior suppresses oscillations in wavelength and minimizes the chances of spatial discordance

Genetic Engineering In Humans

Human genetic engineering is one of the most contentious features of a science,which is itself extremely contentious, and it is motionless extremely much in itschildhood. There have been a little inaccessible cases where a sickness has beensuccessfully cured by the use of genetic treatment, but there have also been othercases where patients have fine diseases such as leukemia through testing with thiskind of treatment. At this stage it is not possible to say precisely what the prospectwill hold, or accurately what the penalty of these developments will be.So far, the merely successes which the method is in treating circumstancesconnecting to the person immune system. This is a palpable request of thetechnology, as the state is caused only by genetic factors. By replacing a gene whichgives the enduring a taste towards the illness with a fit one a cure can be aconsequence. This is extra than just hypothesis, as the numbers of cases anywherethis has been productively carried out is now in twice figures, and is continuallyrising. The challenge falsehood in overcoming the potentially disastrous sidebelongings which can happen if the action doesn’t work.One of the most contentious of all applications of this technology is in allowing sterilemothers to imagine. This is completed by using the eggs from a dissimilar mother,leaving the child with the hereditary drawing innate from 3 people. This will then beapproved on during prospect generations, foremost to countless possiblecomplications. It is still far too early to moderator the possible consequences of the use of this kind of genetic technology, but if present is any unhelpful side effects theyare likely to be far attainment and very harmful

FPGA Implementation of Double Precision Floating Point Multiplier

High speed computation is the need of today’s generation of Processors.  To accomplish this major task,  many functions  are implemented  inside the hardware  of the processor rather than  having  software  computing  the  same  task. Majority of the operations which the processor executes are Arithmetic operations which are widely used in many applications that require heavy mathematical operations such as scientific calculations, image and signal processing. Especially in the field of signal processing, multiplication division operation is widely used in many applications. The major issue with these operations in hardware is that much iteration is required which results in slow operation while fast algorithms require complex computations within each cycle. The result of a Division operation results in a either  in Quotient  and  Remainder  or a Floating  point  number  which is the  major reason  to  make it  more complex than  Multiplication  operation

Forget Unlearning: Towards True Data-Deletion in Machine Learning

Unlearning algorithms aim to remove deleted data's influence from trained models at a cost lower than full retraining. However, prior guarantees of unlearning in literature are flawed and don't protect the privacy of deleted records. We show that when users delete their data as a function of published models, records in a database become interdependent. So, even retraining a fresh model after deletion of a record doesn't ensure its privacy. Secondly, unlearning algorithms that cache partial computations to speed up the processing can leak deleted information over a series of releases, violating the privacy of deleted records in the long run. To address these, we propose a sound deletion guarantee and show that the privacy of existing records is necessary for the privacy of deleted records. Under this notion, we propose an accurate, computationally efficient, and secure machine unlearning algorithm based on noisy gradient descent

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CIPROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE LOADED OCULAR INSERT BY USING PLANTAGO OVATA†AS NATURAL POLYMER

Objective: The present work focus in the direction of Development and evaluation of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride loaded ocular insert by using plantago ovata†as natural polymerâ€. The current work was carried out to evaluate the control release profile of ocular insert. Natural polymer in ocular insert was used for studying the long acting property. Natural polymer is also used to enhance the bioavailability of drug and reduce toxicity. It is also used to increase the duration of action of drug for prolongs action and gives better in vitro performance as compare than to the conventional ocular formulation.Methods: Solvent casting method was used in the formulation of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride loaded ocular inserts. Different ocular insert formulations of varying polymer concentration were prepared. Ocular insert formulation H-1 to H-3 was prepared by using different concentration of HPMC and formulation P-1 to P-4 was prepared by using different concentration of Plantago Ovata.Results: The ocular inserts formulation was within the acceptable limits. All the pre formulation parameters of polymers such as derived properties, compressibility index, Hausner's ratio, viscosity, melting point, swelling ratio, loss on drying, PH of mucilage solution and pre formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredient such as estimation of drug by using UV spectroscopy, determination of melting point, solubility, partition coefficient and FTIR for compatibility study of drug and excipient were evaluation. FTIR analysis also confirmed no drug-excipient interaction.Conclusion: Prepared inserts in the present study were semitransparent. The mixing of the drug in to the polymer is uniform, due to this; the drug content of all formulation is good. Formulation P4 was selected because it showed better release profile, drug content and other physicochemical properties than other formulated batch when compare. All the prepared inserts showed in vitro drug release for the period of 4 h as compare to the marketed formulation. An in vitro drug release study revealed that ocular formulation gives a prolong action. The formulation was found to be long acting

Geriatric gynecology: need and spectrum

Background: Geriatric gynaecology deals with gynaecological pathologies essential in post-menopausal women aged 65 years and above. The spectrum of geriatric gynaecological disorders in India differs from those in developed countries as there are no effective screening program for early detection of cancer and the burden of ignorance and taboos. In this study we aim to find the spectrum of gynaecological disorders in geriatric women and establish the need of dedicated geriatric unit.Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on menopausal women of age 45 years or above who attended gynecology OPD for general counselling about menopause or treatment of menopausal problems over the period of 6 months duration. All these menopausal women attending OPD during this interval were evaluated on the basis of pretested questionnaire.Results: Out of 234 post-menopausal women who entered the study, 29% women belong to geriatric group. Post-menopausal bleeding due to both malignant and benign causes and pelvic organ prolapse are the major problems in geriatric women whereas somatic complaints like flushing, night sweats are more common in younger menopausal women.Conclusions: Where the medical science has successfully increased the life expectancy, focused approach to geriatric gynecology around us is our responsibility, where female still hesitate to come out. The need for dedicated geriatric gynecology unit in India on urgent basis is emphasized by this study wherein cancers can be screened in early stage and severe lifestyle hampering conditions like pelvic organ prolapse can be treated timely

Analytical study to assess fetal and perinatal outcome in booked and unbooked obstetric cases

Background: The high perinatal mortality rates are indicators of the poor state of health services and it is pertinent to determine the relationship between the booking status of mother and fetal outcomes.Methods: In the present randomized prospective study of 400 unbooked (study group) obstetric cases were evaluated and compared with 400 booked (control group) obstetric cases over a period of one year.Results: Perinatal outcomes of women in study group were significantly poorer than women in control group due to high preterm delivery, LBW, with low Apgar score at five minutes, with more NICU admission due to RDS, with high perinatal mortality in term of IUD, early neonatal deaths in study group.Conclusions: Findings of the study will help the programmers and service providers in identifying areas where emphasis has to be given in the development of strategies that will promote the utilization of antenatal services, to reduce adverse perinatal and fetal outcome

Performance Analysis of Smart Antenna in Wireless Communication

Numerous In the current years, progression in media transmission advances and the expanding interest of information rate has spurred the upgraded utilization of recurrence range. One procedure for the effective use of recurrence is Smart Antenna framework. They give a smart answer for the issue of correspondence movement over-burden i.e. they increment the activity limit. Smart Antenna innovations will change the financial aspects of 4G radio systems. They give either a noteworthy information limit pick up or a huge in the quantity of base stations required to accomplish a base level of administration. This paper is a diagram of Smart Antenna innovation, their advantages. The examination is centered around deciding the attainability of keen transmit and get handset antennas. The objectives are to indicate decreased power utilization, enhanced limit and better connection unwavering quality. At long last, another wideband conservative Smart reception apparatus has been dissected and find critical