Study of pre induction transvaginal ultra-sonographic cervical length and its comparison with bishop score in predicting successful labor induction

Background: Induction of labor means initiation of uterine contraction, after period of viability by any method (medical, surgical or combined) before spontaneous onset of labor for the purpose of vaginal delivery. The condition of cervix or favorability is important for successful labor induction. Assessment of cervix has been used as a predictor of successful vaginal delivery. Induction of labor carried out in approximately 20% of all pregnancies. Aim and objectives of the current study were to compare the predictive value of trans-vaginal ultra-sonographic measurement of cervical length versus Bishop score prior to induction of labor in predicting the mode of delivery and maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Sardar Patel medical college and associated group of hospitals, Bikaner between February to November 2020. Study group included 100 pregnant women in which induction of labor was performed at 37-42 weeks of gestation.Results: Bishop Score appears to be a better predictor than the cervical length with sensitivity of 1.00 and a specificity of 0.12 compared to 0.52 and 1.00 respectively. In the receiver operating characteristic curves, the cut-off point for the prediction of successful induction taken was 2.6 cm cervical length and >4 for the bishop score.Conclusions: TVS cervical length could be used as alternative to Bishop score for prediction of successful labor induction in the sitting where the appropriate equipment and expertise are available. Bishop score and TVS cervical length both are good predictors of successful induction of labor.

Comparative study of single versus double time application of dinoprostone E2 gel on the induction of labor in term pregnancy and it’s fetomaternal outcomes

Background: Labor is defined as a cascade of effective uterine contractions leading to progressive effacement and dilatation of cervix resulting in the expulsion of the fetus, placenta and the membranes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of single time and double time application of dinoprostone E2 gel and to compare fetomaternal outcomes after single and double application of dinoprostone E2 gel and its complications.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted on 200 pregnant females with a period of gestation ≥37 completed weeks between 1st January 2020 to 31st January 2021. Group A included females undergoing single time application of PGE2 gel and in group B, second dose applied after 6 hrs of first dose if there was no improvement in Bishop score. If necessary, oxytocin for augmentation of labor was started only 6 hrs after the last dose.Results: Mean age in group A was 24.38±4.37 years and in group B was 24.02±3.76 years and this difference was not found statistically significant (p>0.05). Majority of cases had vaginal delivery. In group A, 28% cases had LSCS delivery while in group B, 17% cases had LSCS delivery (p>0.05). There was significant increase in mean Bishop score after second dose of PGE2 gel in double application group by 3.24 assessed at 12 hours after induction. Double times application of gel resulted in a smaller number of failed inductions i.e.; 23 out of 100 cases in single application group and 7 out of 100 cases in double application group. Main maternal complication was nausea and vomiting which was 5% cases in group A and 11% cases in group B.Conclusions: Double times application of dinoprostone gel resulted in improved Bishop score, facilitates the process of induction, increased number of successful inductions, shortened application delivery interval and decreased cesarean section rate compared to single application. There was slight increase in maternal and fetal complications with double times application

Study of the clinical spectrum of AUB (FIGO AUB Systems) and women’s attitude towards its management at Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar, India

Background: AUB has significant impact on quality of life of women related to health specially in developing countries including India. FIGO AUB systems are universally accepted. Aim was to study the clinical spectrum of AUB according to the FIGO AUB systems and women’s attitude towards its management.Methods: Cross sectional prospective study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ANMMCH, Gaya, a tertiary care center, among women of 15-55 years age groups having complain related to abnormal uterine bleeding, for 1 year from 1st May 2019 to 30th April 2020 on 1000 patients. Data was collected and analyzed by percentage and proportions.Results: Prevalence of AUB was maximum among 15-30 years age group of patients (46.80%). Most of the patients belong to lower (62.5%) class, rural area (68%) and were anaemic (62.5%). Ovulatory dysfunction (55%) was most common cause for AUB, maximum patients choose surgical management (hysterectomy) but after counselling, most of them shifted to medical management.Conclusions: This study suggests more conservative approach for management of AUB and emphasizes the importance of awareness for clinical spectrum of AUB among women so that they can be self-motivated for early treatment and unnecessary hysterectomy can be avoided

Esthetic Design

An attractive face is of utmost priority to people. Attractiveness is based on symmetry and various proportions of the face. This helps us to design the smile beautifully and add a lot to facial esthetics. It is a multidisciplinary approach that includes orthodontics, cosmetic dentistry, and plastic surgery. It is veryimportant to carefully analyze and plan the treatment according to the patient’s demand, which will lead us to a beautiful smile

Impacted Canine: Diagnosis and Prevention

Since impacted canines are encountered often, with an incidence rate of 1 to 2% in the general population, it is important for a dentist to identify the signs and symptoms of this condition and follow interceptive treatment or orthodontic treatment. Features of buccal or palatal canine impaction show lack of canine bulges in the buccal sulcus and asymmetry in dental midlines. Diagnosis of impacted canines at an early age of 8 to 10 years can reduce further complications, such as surgical exposure or root resorption of the lateral incisors, and will reduce the total duration of the treatment. The interceptive orthodontic treatment procedure with extraction of the primary maxillary cuspids can prevent impaction of the permanent maxillary cuspids and additional sequelae

Megakaryopoiesis impairment through acute innate immune signaling activation by azacitidine

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Okoye-Okafor et al.Thrombocytopenia, prevalent in the majority of patients with myeloid malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is an independent adverse prognostic factor. Azacitidine (AZA), a mainstay therapeutic agent for stem cell transplant–ineligible patients with MDS/AML, often transiently induces or further aggravates disease-associated thrombocytopenia by an unknown mechanism. Here, we uncover the critical role of an acute type-I interferon (IFN-I) signaling activation in suppressing megakaryopoiesis in AZA-mediated thrombocytopenia. We demonstrate that megakaryocytic lineage-primed progenitors present IFN-I receptors and, upon AZA exposure, engage STAT1/SOCS1-dependent downstream signaling prematurely attenuating thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R) signaling and constraining megakaryocytic progenitor cell growth and differentiation following TPO-R stimulation. Our findings directly implicate RNA demethylation and IFN-I signal activation as a root cause for AZA-mediated thrombocytopenia and suggest mitigation of TPO-R inhibitory innate immune signaling as a suitable therapeutic strategy to support platelet production, particularly during the early phases of AZA therapy.Peer reviewe

Detection and prevention of Phishing Attacks

Phishing is one amongst the main issues visaged by cyber-world and ends up in monetary losses for each industries and people. Detection of phishing attack with high accuracy has forever been a difficult issue. At present, visual similarities-based techniques square measure terribly helpful for police work phishing websites expeditiously. Phishing web site appearance terribly similar in look to its corresponding legitimate web site to deceive users into basic cognitive process that they are browsing the right web site. Visual similarity primarily based phishing detection techniques utilize the feature set like text content, text format, HTML tags, Cascading sheet (CSS), image, then forth, to form the choice. These approaches compare the suspicious web site with the corresponding legitimate web site by victimisation numerous options and if the similarity is larger than the predefined threshold price then it is declared phishing [2]

Cow Dung Derived PdNPs@WO₃ Porous Carbon Nanodiscs as Trifunctional Catalysts for Design of Zinc–Air Batteries and Overall Water Splitting

The main motif of this work is to fabricate a highly efficient, economic, nanodisc shaped trifunctional electrocatalyst using a tungsten trioxide modified carbon nanosheet decorated with palladium nanoparticles. The beauty of this work is that a special carbon precursor is used for the synthesis of the electrocatalyst, a waste material, i.e., cow dung. The performance of the cow dung derived nanodisc electrocatalyst (Pd@WO₃-NDs) toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is compared with three other electrocatalysts (derived from graphene oxide, chitosan, and graphite carbon sources) also, and it is found that Pd@WO₃-NDs show superior performance over that of the other three. The electrocatalyst exhibits the lowest onset potential (1.32 V vs NHEs), highest current density (492 mA cm^–2), lowest overpotential (113 mV), and lowest Tafel slope (62.8 mV dec^–1) for OER; an onset potential of 1.02 V, overpotential of 195.0 mV, and Tafel slope of 53.1 mV dec^–1) for ORR; and lowest onset potential (−0.09 V), overpotential (185 mV at 10 mA cm^–2), and a small Tafel slope of (58.2 mV dec^–1) for HER in the same alkaline solution. In addition, the nanomaterial is successfully applied for the fabrication of rechargeable and all-solid-state zinc–air batteries, which are used to illuminate a 4.0 V light emitting diode (LED) bulb. More importantly, real air cathodes made from the trifunctional Pd@WO₃-NDs demonstrated superior performance to state-of-the-art Pt/C catalysts in rechargeable zinc–air batteries. In addition, the same Zn–air battery is further used to power the laboratory-made total alkaline water electrolyzer by employing Pd@WO₃-NDs as catalyst on both anode and cathode. The water electrolyzer showed comparable performance rivalling the state-of-art combination of Pt/C and RuO₂, which is known to be the best of the bifunctional total-water splitting electrocatalysts reported until date. This remarkable performance of Pd@WO₃-NDs indicates their future potential in energy storage and sustainable energy conversion technologies

Cow Dung Derived PdNPs@WO₃ Porous Carbon Nanodiscs as Trifunctional Catalysts for Design of Zinc–Air Batteries and Overall Water Splitting

The main motif of this work is to fabricate a highly efficient, economic, nanodisc shaped trifunctional electrocatalyst using a tungsten trioxide modified carbon nanosheet decorated with palladium nanoparticles. The beauty of this work is that a special carbon precursor is used for the synthesis of the electrocatalyst, a waste material, i.e., cow dung. The performance of the cow dung derived nanodisc electrocatalyst (Pd@WO₃-NDs) toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is compared with three other electrocatalysts (derived from graphene oxide, chitosan, and graphite carbon sources) also, and it is found that Pd@WO₃-NDs show superior performance over that of the other three. The electrocatalyst exhibits the lowest onset potential (1.32 V vs NHEs), highest current density (492 mA cm^–2), lowest overpotential (113 mV), and lowest Tafel slope (62.8 mV dec^–1) for OER; an onset potential of 1.02 V, overpotential of 195.0 mV, and Tafel slope of 53.1 mV dec^–1) for ORR; and lowest onset potential (−0.09 V), overpotential (185 mV at 10 mA cm^–2), and a small Tafel slope of (58.2 mV dec^–1) for HER in the same alkaline solution. In addition, the nanomaterial is successfully applied for the fabrication of rechargeable and all-solid-state zinc–air batteries, which are used to illuminate a 4.0 V light emitting diode (LED) bulb. More importantly, real air cathodes made from the trifunctional Pd@WO₃-NDs demonstrated superior performance to state-of-the-art Pt/C catalysts in rechargeable zinc–air batteries. In addition, the same Zn–air battery is further used to power the laboratory-made total alkaline water electrolyzer by employing Pd@WO₃-NDs as catalyst on both anode and cathode. The water electrolyzer showed comparable performance rivalling the state-of-art combination of Pt/C and RuO₂, which is known to be the best of the bifunctional total-water splitting electrocatalysts reported until date. This remarkable performance of Pd@WO₃-NDs indicates their future potential in energy storage and sustainable energy conversion technologies

Equipment-Free, Single-Step, Rapid, “On-Site” Kit for Visual Detection of Lead Ions in Soil, Water, Bacteria, Live Cells, and Solid Fruits Using Fluorescent Cube-Shaped Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots

In this work, we have designed an equipment free, single-step, rapid, cost-effective, “in-house”, and “outdoor” kit for visual detection of lead ions (Pb²⁺) in various real samples viz., soil, water, bacteria, live cells, and solid fruits based on cube-shaped fluorescent carbon dots. The cube-shaped nitrogen-doped carbon dots (CCDs) were prepared using calcein dye as precursor and have potential to be used as better and stable replacement of commercially available dyes. For the visual detection of Pb²⁺, the color of the CCDs changes from yellowish to brown in solution and a limit of detection (LOD) of 10.0 μg L^–1 was obtained for the naked eye. In addition, the same CCD solution was also coated on a filter paper strip to fabricate an easy-to-prepare paper sensor. The paper sensor was used to identify the Pb²⁺ in real samples which proves their applicability toward in-situ on-site detection. In addition, the prepared strip sensor was successfully implemented for analysis of lead ions inside the solid fruit also. For quantitative detection, a photoluminescence (PL) study was carried out for trace level determination of Pb²⁺ with LOD of 2.21 ng L^–1. Both the visual as well as PL study also suggested that the results obtained from the CCD sensing probe is free from any interference. We also incubated the CCDs into live cells (E. coli and MCF-7) through endocytosis and monitored the changes in Pb²⁺ levels within cells. The study demonstrates the role of prepared fluorescent probe for live cell bioimaging and intracellular detection of metal ions