Traffic Prediction Based on a Local Exchange of Information

We propose a decentralized method for traffic monitoring, fully distributed over the vehicles. An algorithm is provided, specifying which information should be tracked to reconstruct an instantaneous map of traffic flow. We test the accuracy of our method in a simple cellular automata traffic simulation model, for which the traffic condition can be controlled and analyzed theoretically. We show how local communication parameters affect the method accuracy

Preliminary characterisation of nanotubes connecting T-cells and their use by HIV-1

International audienc

Droit, architecture financière et stratégies bancaires

National audienc

Droit, architecture financière et stratégies des banques

The legal origin influences the development of the financial system which impacts on the long run economic growth. So, we would like to conclude on the superiority of a special legal tradition or the bank based/market based system. However, the architecture of the financial system is neutral. It is rather the level of development of the financial sector that determines economic growth. Then, banks showed their capacity to react to the institutional changes through the multiplication of their activities and the choice of new debt contracts. Finally, common law, which a priori supports the development of the capital markets, generates nevertheless a legal risk related to the unpredictability of courts? decisions and some difficulties of harmonization due to a decentralized production of the law. JEL code: K29.

Comportement des variétés de douglas face aux aléas climatiques

National audienceThe article describes the way the clones included in the eight French seed orchards of Douglas-fir were selected, then shows the results obtained in a newly-created trial network that aims to compare those improved varieties in various pedo-climatic situations. Those preliminary results take into account juvenile growth, lateness of flushing, frost and drought resistance.Après avoir décrit le mode de sélection des composants des 8 vergers à graines français de Douglas, l'article présente les premiers résultats obtenus dans un réseau de dispositifs récemment créé afin de comparer ces variétés dans des contextes pédo-climatiques variés. Les résultats concernent la croissance juvénile, la tardiveté de débourrement, la sensibilité au froid et à la sécheresse

Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate-mediated pathophysiological effect of HIV-1 Tat protein

International audienceHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cells actively release the transcriptional activator (Tat) viral protein that is required for efficient HIV gene transcription. Extracellular Tat is able to enter uninfected cells. We recently reported that internalized Tat escapes endosomes to reach the cytosol and is then recruited to the plasma membrane by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2). As a consequence, Tat strongly impairs different critical cellular functions in several cell types. Here we will review recent evidences showing that Tat, by affecting the interaction of key cellular effectors with PtdIns(4,5)P2, blocks exocytosis from neuroendocrine cells, perturbs the synaptic vesicle exo-endocytosis cycle, prevents efficient phagocytosis by macrophages, and alters potassium channel activity in cardiac cells. Potential mechanistic aspects of Tat effects on these cellular processes will be discussed

Detecting HIV-1 Tat in Cell Culture Supernatants by ELISA or Western Blot

International audienceHIV-1 Tat is efficiently secreted by HIV-1-infected or Tat-transfected cells. Accordingly, Tat concentrations in the nanomolar range have been measured in the sera of HIV-1-infected patients, and this protein acts as a viral toxin on bystander cells. Nevertheless, assaying Tat concentration in media or sera is not that straightforward because extracellular Tat is unstable and particularly sensitive to oxidation. Moreover, most anti-Tat antibodies display limited affinity. Here, we describe methods to quantify extracellular Tat using a sandwich ELISA or Western blotting when Tat is secreted by suspension or adherent cells, respectively. In both cases it is important to capture exported Tat using antibodies before any Tat oxidation occurs; otherwise it will become denatured and unreactive toward antibodies

Hypoxaemia during pregnancy: pulmonary arteriovenous dilatation as a likely cause.

International audienceSaccharopolyspora rectivirgula is the main cause of farmer's lung disease. The development of recombinant antigens to standardize the serodiagnosis of the disease requires knowledge of the S. rectivirgula genome. We sequenced the genome of an environmental strain, S. rectivirgula DSM 43113. A total of 3,221 proteins were found to be encoded in a short 3.9-Mb genome