Wydzielanie serotoniny i melatoniny u kobiet po menopauzie z zaburzeniami odżywiania

  Introduction: Postmenopausal women manifest emotional disorders associated with an increase in appetite. The aim of the study was to assess the serotonin and melatonin secretion and metabolism in postmenopausal women in relation to eating disorders. Material and methods: Sixty postmenopausal women and 30 women without hormonal disturbances were enrolled into the study and divided into three groups: group I (control) – women without menstrual disorders, group II — postmenopausal women without appetite disorders and change in body weight, and group III — postmenopausal women with increased appetite and weight gain. Serum melatonin, serotonin, urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) excretion were measured. Results: Serum serotonin and melatonin levels in groups II and III were lower compared to group I. Urinary 5-HIAA and aMT6s excretion was lower in overweight women. In group III the correlation between the serum level of serotonin, melatonin, and BMI was negative; a high statistical significance was found between BMI and urinary aMT6s excretion. Conclusions: Melatonin supplementation and use of drugs modulating the serotonin homeostasis together with female hormones have a beneficial effect in complex treatment of disorders of eating in postmenopausal women. (Endokrynol Pol 2016; 67 (3): 299–304)    Wstęp: U kobiet po menopauzie często spotykamy zaburzenia emocjonalne oraz wzrost apetytu. Celem badań była ocena wydzielania i metabolizmu serotoniny i melatoniny u kobiet w okresie pomenopauzalnym z zaburzeniami odżywiania. Materiały i metody: Badanie przeprowadzono w grupie 60 kobiet po menopauzie i 30 przed menopauzą (grupa kontrolna). Wśród kobiet po menopauzie wyodrębniono dwie podgrupy — kobiety ze wzrostem apetytu i masy ciała oraz bez nich. Procedury diagnostyczne obejmowały ocenę stanu odżywienia, określenie stężenia melatoniny i serotoniny w surowicy krwi oraz ich matabolitów — siarczanu 6-metoksymelatoniny (aMT6s) oraz kwasu 5-hydroksy-indolooctowego (5-HIAA) w moczu. Wyniki: Stwierdzono, że stężenie serotoniny i melatoniny w surowicy krwi w grupach pacjentek po menopauzie było niższe niż u kobiet przed menopauzą. Wydalenie metabolitów serotoniny i melatoniny z moczem było najniższe u otyłych kobiet po menopauzie. U tych pacjentek stwierdzono ujemną korelację między stężeniem serotoniny w surowicy krwi, stężeniem melatoniny oraz BMI; a także istotną statystycznie zależność pomiędzy wydalaniem aMT6s z moczem a BMI. Wnioski: U kobiet w okresie pomenopauzalnym wydzielanie serotoniny i melatoniny jest zmniejszone, co należy uwzględnić w kompleksowej terapii i prewencji zaburzeń łaknienia i odżywienia. (Endokrynol Pol 2016; 67 (3): 299–304)

Influence of melatonin on symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in postmenopausal women

Wstęp: Melatonina (MEL) korzystnie wpływa na przewód pokarmowy, między innymi poprzez relaksujące działanie na mięśnie gładkie. Jej wydzielanie zmienia się wraz z wiekiem, szczególnie u kobiet w okresie pomenopauzalnym. Celem pracy była ocena wpływu melatoniny na objawy zespołu jelita nadwrażliwego w tej grupie kobiet. Materiał i metody: Do badania włączono 80 kobiet, w wieku 48&#8211;65 lat. Zgodnie z Kryteriami Rzymskimi III wyodrębniono grupę z zaparciową postacią jelita nadwrażliwego (IBS-C, n = 40) i z biegunkową postacią tej choroby (IBS-D, n = 40). Grupę porównawczą (C) stanowiło 30 kobiet zdrowych, w tym samym wieku. U wszystkich określono dobowe wydzielanie siarczanu 6-hydroksymelatoniny (6-HMS) z moczem. Pacjentki w obu grupach przyjmowały przez 6 miesięcy melatoninę (3 mg rano i 5 mg wieczorem) lub placebo. W 2,4 i 6 miesiącu oceniono nasilenie dolegliwości (bóle i wzdęcia brzucha oraz deregulację wypróżnień), używając wizualnej 10 stopniowej skali. Wyniki: Wydalanie 6-HMS z moczem (&#956;g/24 h) wynosiło odpowiednio w grupach: C &#8212; 11,4 &#177; 3,0, IBS-C &#8212; 10,2 &#177; 3,2, IBS-D &#8212; 14,0 &#177; 6,3 (p < 0,05). Stwierdzono korelację między nasileniem objawów a wydzielaniem 6-HMS: ujemną IBS-C (r = &#8211;0,714), a dodatnią w grupie IBS-D (r = 0,409). Po 6 miesiącach używania melatoniny w grupie IBS-C bóle i wzdęcia brzucha zmniejszyły się u 70% pacjentek, a zaparcia u 50% pacjentek. W grupie IBS-D poprawę uzyskano u 45% pacjentek, a wyniki nie różniły się znacząco od tych w grupie przyjmującej placebo. Wnioski: Melatonina może być stosowana w sk ojarzonej terapii IBS, szczególnie w postaci z zaparciami. (Endokrynol Pol 2013; 64 (2): 114&#8211;120)Introduction: Melatonin (MEL) exerts beneficial effects on the gut partly by myorelaxative properties upon the smooth muscle. Its secretion decreases with age, particularly in postmenopausal women. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of MEL on the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in this group of patients. Material and methods: The investigations were carried out in 80 postmenopausal women, aged 48&#8211;65 years, divided into two equal groups, diagnosed according to Rome Criteria III: i.e. patients with IBS with constipation predominant (IBS-C), and patients with IBS with diarrhoea predominant (IBS-D). The control group (C) included healthy women aged 46-65 years. In all subjects, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-HMS) concentration urine was measured using ELISA assay. Patients in both groups over the course of six months were given melatonin (at a dose of 3 mg fasting and 5 mg at bedtime) or a placebo (double blind trial). Disease activity was evaluated after two, four and six months, using a ten-point scale to assess the main somatic symptoms: visceral pain, abdominal bloating, etc. Results: The amounts of 6-HMS urine excretion (&#956;g/24 h) were: C 11.4 &#177; 3.0, IBS-C 10.2 &#177; 3.2, IBS-D 14.0 &#177; 6.3 (p < 0.05). Correlation between values of symptoms score and contrary excretion of 6-HMS: IBS-C r = &#8211;0.714, IBS-D r = 0.409. After six months in the IBS-C group, the intensity of visceral pain and abdominal bloating had decreased in 70% of patients (p < 0.01) and constipation in 50% of patients (p < 0.05). Beneficial changes in the IBS-D group were noted in 45% of patients, but this was not better compared to the placebo. Conclusions: Melatonin can be used as part of the treatment of IBS, particularly in patients with constipation-predominant IBS. (Endokrynol Pol 2013; 64 (2): 114&#8211;120

Serotonin in the Pathogenesis of Lymphocytic Colitis

Lymphocytic colitis (LC) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and colonic intraepithelial lymphocytosis. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is reported to increase in certain colon diseases; however, little is known regarding its metabolism in LC. In the present work, the level of 5-HT in serum and the number of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) as well as the expression of the 5-HT rate-limiting enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) in colonic biopsies and urine 5-hydroxyindoeoacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined in 36 LC patients that were treated with budesonide and 32 healthy controls. The 5-HT serum and 5-HIAA urine levels were measured using ELISA, the EEC number was determined immunohistochemically, and the colonic TPH1 mRNA expression was determined using RT-PCR. The levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA and the number of EECs were higher in LC patients than in the controls, and positive correlations were observed between the 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels, 5-HT and EEC number, TPH1 mRNA and EEC number, as well as the severity of disease symptoms and 5-HIAA. Budesonide decreased the levels of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and TPH1 expression and the number of EECs to values that did not differ from those for controls. In conclusion, the serotonin metabolism may be important for LC pathogenesis, and the urinary level of 5-HIAA may be considered as a non-invasive marker of this disease activity.This research was funded by the Medical University of Lodz, grant number 503/6-006-0

Rekomendacje diagnostyczno-terapeutyczne w zespole jelita nadwrażliwego

Niniejsze rekomendacje diagnostyczno-terapeutyczne w zespole jelita nadwrażliwego zostały przygotowane przez specjalną grupę roboczą powołaną przez Zarząd Główny Polskiego Towarzystwa Gastroenterologii. Omówiono definicję i kryteria rozpoznania, obraz kliniczny i klasyfikację zespołu oraz podano zalecenia dotyczące jego leczenia. Gastroenterologia Kliniczna 2009, tom 1, nr 1, 9-1

Analysis of the effect of catalytic additives in the agricultural waste combustion process

This paper presents the research results of the effect of using calcium oxide and potassium permanganate on the combustion of pellets from wheat bran and beet pulp. The measurements were performed in the technical laboratory of the Centre of Energy Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources in Ostrava. The research examined the effect of the use of chemical substances on the amount of air pollutants from biomass thermal conversion in a low-power boiler and the process temperature. First, we performed technical and elementary analyses of agricultural waste. The raw material was then comminuted, mixed with a selected additive, pelletized, and finally burned in a low-power boiler. The additive was added in three proportions: 1:20, 1:10, and 1:6.67 (i.e., 15%) relative to the fuel weight. The combustion process efficiency was measured using a flue gas analyzer and three thermocouples attached to the data recorder. From the measurement results, we were able to determine the percentage reduction of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere (CO, NOx, and SO2) due to the use of additives. Because emission standards are becoming increasingly stringent and fuel and energy prices are rising, the results presented in this article may be useful to agri-food processing plants that want to manage these materials thermally.Web of Science1510art. no. 352

Analysis of the effect of Fe2O3 addition in the combustion of a wood-based fuel

A comparative study was carried out of emissions from the catalytic combustion of pellets made from furniture board waste and pellets made from wood mixed with Fe2O3 . The mass content of the Fe2O3 catalyst in the fuel was varied from 0% to 5%, 10%, and 15% in relation to the total dry mass weight of the pellets. The average flame temperature in the boiler was between 730 and 800 ◦C. The effect of the catalyst concentration in the fuel was analysed with respect to the contents of O2, CO2, CO, H2, and NOx in the flue gas and the combustion quality of the pellets in the heating boiler. Changes in the CO2 content and the proportion of unburned combustible components in the combustion residue were assessed. It was established that an increase in the Fe2O3 content of the prepared fuels had a positive effect on reducing NOx, CO, and H2 emissions. However, the proportion of iron oxide in the tested fuel pellets did not significantly influence changes in their combustion quality. A strong effect of the addition of Fe2O3 on the reduction of the average NOx content in the flue gas occurred with the combustion of furniture board fuel, from 51.4 ppm at 0% Fe2O3 to 7.7 ppm for an additive content of 15%. Based on the analysis of the residue in the boiler ash pan, the amount of unburned combustibles relative to their input amounts was found to be 0.09–0.22% for wood pellets and 0.50–0.31% for furniture board waste pellets.Web of Science1521art. no. 774

Polymorphisms in RAD51, XRCC2 and XRCC3 genes of the homologous recombination repair in colorectal cancer—a case control study

XRCC2 and XRCC3 proteins are structurally and functionally related to RAD51 which play an important role in the homologous recombination, the process frequently involved in cancer transformation. In our previous work we show that the 135G>C polymorphism (rs1801320) of the RAD51 gene can modify the effect of the Thr241Met polymorphism (rs861539) of the XRCC3 gene. We tested the association between the 135G>C polymorphism of the RAD51 gene, the Thr241Met polymorphism of the XRCC3 gene and the Arg188His polymorphism (rs3218536) of the XRCC2 gene and colorectal cancer risk and clinicopathological parameters. Polymorphisms were evaluated by restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) in 100 patients with invasive adenocarcinoma of the colon and in 100 sex, age and ethnicity matched cancer–free controls. We stratified the patients by genotypes, tumour Duke’s and TNM stage and calculated the linkage of each genotype with each stratum. Carriers of Arg188Arg/Me241tMet, His188His/Thr241Thr and His188His/G135G genotypes had an increased risk of colorectal cancer occurrence (OR 5.70, 95% CI 1.10–29.5; OR 12.4, 95% CI 1.63–94.9; OR 5.88, 95% CI 1.21–28.5, respectively). The C135C genotype decreased the risk of colorectal cancer singly (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.02–0.22) as well as in combination with other two polymorphisms. TNM and Duke’s staging were not related to any of these polymorphisms. Our results suggest that the 135G>C polymorphism of the RAD51 gene can be an independent marker of colorectal cancer risk. The Thr241Met polymorphism of the XRCC3 gene and the Arg188His polymorphism of the XRCC2 gene can modify the risk of colorectal cancer