Application of Holland’s Theory of Vocational Interests in East Asia

The purpose of this poster is to present a study on how to appropriately apply Holland’s theory of vocational interests in East Asia considering the challenges in the cultural context. Literature review on Holland’s theory of vocational interests across Cultures and unique aspects of East Asian culture will be presented. This poster will then discuss challenges for application of Holland’s theory in East Asia and how these challenges could be addressed using modified Holland’s theory in East Asia. Implications for practice and research related to culturally sensitive career counseling will be discussed

Synthesis of Hybrid Nanomaterials based on Defective Nanocarbons and Their Applications

Department of Energy Engineering(Energy Engineering)Development of hybrid nanomaterials has attracted the intensive interest because of their synergetic effect from the advantages of each nanomaterial in various application. The hybrid nanomaterials based on graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanoparticles (CDs) have been developed due to their abundant functional groups, large surface area and high conductivity. These nanomaterials is applied for a wide range of applications such as bioimaging, therapy, photocatalyst, electrocatalyst, sensor, and photovoltaic devices. However, tremendous efforts are necessary to develop homogeneous and controlled hybrid nanostructure coupled with the study of the unexpected behavior for the excellent efficiency in various fields. In this regard, this thesis describes the approaches to develop new types of hybrid nanomaterials based on GO and CDs functionalized with organic or inorganic materials. This thesis divides into three parts(1) hybrid nanomaterials based on GO, (2) hybrid nanomaterials based on CDs, and (3) origin of photoluminescence (PL) of nanocarbons. The first part introduces the synthesis of gold (Au) and GO nanocomposite for the reduction of nitroarenes and methanol oxidation. In organic catalyst, GO play an important role as supporting and conducting materials, which results in high concentration of Au nanoparticles loaded on GO and thus high catalytic efficiency. In electrocatalyst, layer-by-layer assembly help to develop the controlled thickness of Au-GO film, which exhibits the excellent electron transfer properties. The second part presents CDs functionalized with organic molecules and metal nanoparticles. CDs have the unique optical and electron transfer properties. When conjugated with polymer and targeting molecules, not only PL intensity but also the targeting efficiency is increased, leading to simultaneously targeted bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, heterodimeric silver-CDs nanostructures are developed by photo-reduction, which possess different interfaces, PL intensity, and SPR effects with respect to the amount of additives. Finally, besides the synthesis of hybrid nanomaterials, origin of PL properties of nanocarbons is demonstrated to extend the applications. First, high PL intensity of dual heteroatom doped CDs is synthesized. To elucidate the origin of the unique properties, the structure analysis, photophysical properties, DFT calculations, and single molecule spectroscopy is carried out. Based on these studies, we found that high PL of CDs is achieved from graphitic structure as well as less oxygen groups and nitrogen traps. Furthermore, hybrid carbon nanosheets show solvent-dependent PL emission in accordance with polarity, because of different energy level by shape-tunable behavior.ope

Anomalous probability of large amplitudes in wave turbulence

Time evolution equation for the Probability Distribution Function (PDF) is derived for system of weakly interacting waves. It is shown that a steady state for such system may correspond to strong intermittency

Third-harmonic generation in photonic topological metasurfaces

We study nonlinear effects in two-dimensional photonic metasurfaces supporting topologically-protected helical edge states at the nanoscale. We observe strong third-harmonic generation mediated by optical nonlinearities boosted by multipolar Mie resonances of silicon nanoparticles. Variation of the pump-beam wavelength enables independent high-contrast imaging of either bulk modes or spin-momentum-locked edge states. We demonstrate topology-driven tunable localization of the generated harmonic fields and map the pseudospin-dependent unidirectional waveguiding of the edge states bypassing sharp corners. Our observations establish dielectric metasurfaces as a promising platform for the robust generation and transport of photons in topological photonic nanostructures.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Some Implications of Believing that Happiness Involves the Absence of Pain: Negative Hedonic Beliefs Exacerbate the Effects of Stress on Well-Being

One common belief about happiness, espoused to varying degrees by both researchers and laypeople alike, is that happiness involves a lack of negative hedonic experiences. In the current investigation, we examine whether individual differences in endorsement of this belief, termed negative hedonic belief, moderate the effects of stress on happiness and several indicators of well-being. It was predicted that because stress involves the experience of negative hedonic states, increased stress would be more robustly associated with decreased happiness and well-being among those endorsing negative hedonic beliefs. Results from three studies utilizing both retrospective and prospective research designs generally support this prediction and suggest that endorsing the belief that happiness involves a lack of negative hedonic experiences is associated with more negative outcomes in response to the experience of heightened life stress

Post-drought decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Amazon forests have experienced frequent and severe droughts in the past two decades. However, little is known about the large-scale legacy of droughts on carbon stocks and dynamics of forests. Using systematic sampling of forest structure measured by LiDAR waveforms from 2003 to 2008, here we show a significant loss of carbon over the entire Amazon basin at a rate of 0.3 ± 0.2 (95% CI) PgC yr−1 after the 2005 mega-drought, which continued persistently over the next 3 years (2005–2008). The changes in forest structure, captured by average LiDAR forest height and converted to above ground biomass carbon density, show an average loss of 2.35 ± 1.80 MgC ha−1 a year after (2006) in the epicenter of the drought. With more frequent droughts expected in future, forests of Amazon may lose their role as a robust sink of carbon, leading to a significant positive climate feedback and exacerbating warming trends.The research was partially supported by NASA Terrestrial Ecology grant at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology and partial funding to the UCLA Institute of Environment and Sustainability from previous National Aeronautics and Space Administration and National Science Foundation grants. The authors thank NSIDC, BYU, USGS, and NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) for making their data available. (NASA Terrestrial Ecology grant at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology)Published versio

Estimation of leaf area index and its sunlit portion from DSCOVR EPIC data: theoretical basis

This paper presents the theoretical basis of the algorithm designed for the generation of leaf area index and diurnal course of its sunlit portion from NASA's Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) onboard NOAA's Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR). The Look-up-Table (LUT) approach implemented in the MODIS operational LAI/FPAR algorithm is adopted. The LUT, which is the heart of the approach, has been significantly modified. First, its parameterization incorporates the canopy hot spot phenomenon and recent advances in the theory of canopy spectral invariants. This allows more accurate decoupling of the structural and radiometric components of the measured Bidirectional Reflectance Factor (BRF), improves scaling properties of the LUT and consequently simplifies adjustments of the algorithm for data spatial resolution and spectral band compositions. Second, the stochastic radiative transfer equations are used to generate the LUT for all biome types. The equations naturally account for radiative effects of the three-dimensional canopy structure on the BRF and allow for an accurate discrimination between sunlit and shaded leaf areas. Third, the LUT entries are measurable, i.e., they can be independently derived from both below canopy measurements of the transmitted and above canopy measurements of reflected radiation fields. This feature makes possible direct validation of the LUT, facilitates identification of its deficiencies and development of refinements. Analyses of field data on canopy structure and leaf optics collected at 18 sites in the Hyytiälä forest in southern boreal zone in Finland and hyperspectral images acquired by the EO-1 Hyperion sensor support the theoretical basis.Shared Services Center NAS