1,370 research outputs found
Correlated normal state fermiology and topological superconductivity in UTe2
UTe2 is a promising candidate for spin-triplet superconductors, in which a
paramagnetic normal state becomes superconducting due to spin fluctuations. The
subsequent discovery of various unusual superconducting properties has promoted
the use of UTe2 as an exciting playground to study unconventional
superconductivity, but fathoming the normal state fermiology and its influence
on the superconductivity still requires further investigation. Here, we
theoretically show that electron correlation induces a dramatic change in the
normal state fermiology with an emergent correlated Fermi surface (FS) driven
by Kondo resonance at low temperatures. This emergent correlated FS can account
for various unconventional superconducting properties in a unified way. In
particular, the geometry of the correlated FS can naturally host topological
superconductivity in the presence of odd-parity pairings, which become the
leading instability due to strong ferromagnetic spin fluctuations. Moreover,
two pairs of odd-parity channels appear as accidentally degenerate solutions,
which can naturally explain the multicomponent superconductivity with broken
time-reversal symmetry. Interestingly, the resulting time-reversal breaking
superconducting state is a Weyl superconductor in which Weyl points migrate
along the correlated FS as the relative magnitude of nearly degenerate pairing
solutions varies. We believe that the correlated normal state fermiology we
discovered provides a unified platform to describe the unconventional
superconductivity in UTe2.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures and 1 table in the main text, and 10 figures and
1 table in the Supplementary Informatio
Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Four Korean Patients with Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy type 2B
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B), a subtype of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (ARLGMD), is characterized by a relatively late onset and slow progressive course. LGMD2B is known to be caused by the loss of the dysferlin protein at sarcolemma in muscle fibers. In this study, the clinical and pathological characteristics of Korean LGMD2B patients were investigated. Seventeen patients with ARLGMD underwent muscle biopsy and the histochemical examination was performed. For the immunocytochemistry, a set of antibodies against dystrophin, α, β, γ, δ-sarcoglycans, dysferlin, caveolin-3, and β-dystroglycan was used. Four patients (24%) showed selective loss of immunoreactivity against dysferlin at the sarcolemma on the muscle specimens. Therefore, they were classified into the LGMD2B category. The age at the onset of disease ranged from 9 yr to 33 yr, and none of the patients was wheelchair bound at the neurological examination. The serum creatine kinase (CK) was high in all the patients (4010-5310 IU/L). The pathologic examination showed mild to moderate dystrophic features. These are the first Korean LGMD2B cases with a dysferlin deficiency confirmed by immunocytochemistry. The clinical, pathological, and immunocytochemical findings of the patients with LGMD2B in this study were in accordance with those of other previous reports
P1-134: Clinical Experience of Simultaneous Multitarget Irradiation using Tomotherapy in Pulmonary Metastasis
Inhibition of Glycolysis Reduces Disease Severity in an Autoimmune Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
The K/BxN mouse is a spontaneous model of arthritis driven by T cell receptor transgenic CD4+ T cells from the KRN strain that are activated by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) peptides presented by the H-2g7 allele from the NOD strain. It is a model of autoimmune seropositive arthritis because the production of anti-GPI IgG is necessary and sufficient for joint pathology. The production of high levels of anti-GPI IgG requires on the expansion of CD4+ follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. The metabolic requirements of this expansion have never been characterized. Based on the therapeutic effects of the combination of metformin and 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) in lupus models that normalized the expansion of effector CD4+ T cells. We showed that the CD4+ T cells and to a lesser extent, the B cells from K/BxN mice are more metabolically active than the KRN controls. Accordingly, preventive inhibition of glycolysis with 2DG significantly reduced joint inflammation and the activation of both adaptive and innate immune cells, as well as the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. However, contrary to the lupus-prone mice, the addition of metformin had little beneficial effect, suggesting that glycolysis is the major driver of immune activation in this model. We propose that K/BxN mice are another model in which autoreactive Tfh cells are highly glycolytic and that their function can be limited by inhibiting glucose metabolism
Test of the reaction mechanism for gamma N -> K Lambda(1520) using the polarized photon
We study the reaction mechanism for the photoproduction of the Lambda(1520),
based on an effective Lagrangian approach. We investigate each contribution of
the s-, u-, t-channel processes and contact term, separately. One of the most
characteristic features of this reaction is the contact-term dominance which
governs the photoproduction from the proton, when the K*-exchange contribution
is possibly not too large. We suggest several different ways of the
polarizations and arrangement of the beam and target to make to understand the
role of each contribution separately in future experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in PR
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Contribute to the Protective Immunity Induced by Intranasal Treatment with Fc-fused Interleukin-7 against Lethal Influenza Virus Infection
Developing a novel vaccine that can be applied against multiple strains of influenza virus is of utmost importance to human health. Previously, we demonstrated that the intranasal introduction of Fc-fused IL-7 (IL-7-mFc), a long-acting cytokine fusion protein, confers long-lasting prophylaxis against multiple strains of influenza A virus (IAV) by inducing the development of lung-resident memory-like T cells, called TRM-like cells. Here, we further investigated the mechanisms of IL-7-mFc-mediated protective immunity to IAVs. First, we found that IL-7-mFc treatment augments the accumulation of pulmonary T cells in 2 ways: recruiting blood circulating T cells into the lung and expanding T cells at the lung parenchyma. Second, the blockade of T cell migration from the lymph nodes (LNs) with FTY720 treatment was not required for mounting the protective immunity to IAV with IL-7-mFc, suggesting a more important role of IL-7 in T cells in the lungs. Third, IL-7-mFc treatment also recruited various innate immune cells into the lungs. Among these cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play an important role in IL-7-mFc-mediated protective immunity through reducing the immunopathology and increasing IAV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. In summary, our results show that intranasal treatment with IL-7-mFc modulates pulmonary immune responses to IAV, affecting both innate and adaptive immune cells. ? 2017. The Korean Association of Immunologists.112Ysciescopuskc
Increased Antiangiogenic Effect by Blocking CCL2-dependent Macrophages in a Rodent Glioblastoma Model: Correlation Study with Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion MRI
When glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents, it commonly exhibits tumor progression due to the development of resistance, which results in a dismal survival rate. GBM tumors contain a large number of monocytes/macrophages, which have been shown to be resistant to the effects of bevacizumab. It has been reported that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMS) promote resistance to bevacizumab treatment. Therefore, it is important to target TAMs in the GBM microenvironment. TAMs, which depend on chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) for differentiation and survival, induce the expression of proangiogenic factors such as VEGF. Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-MR imaging is an advanced technique that provides information on tumor blood volume and can potentially predict the response to several treatments, including anti-angiogenic agents such as bevacizumab, in human GBM. In this study, we used a CCL2 inhibitor, mNOX-E36, to suppress the recruitment of TAMs in a CCL2-expressing rat GBM model and investigated the effect of combination therapy with bevacizumab using DSC-MR imaging. We demonstrated that the inhibition of CCL2 blocked macrophage recruitment and angiogenesis, which resulted in decreased tumor volume and blood volume in CCL2-expressing GBM in a rat model. Our results provide direct evidence that CCL2 expression can increase the resistance to bevacizumab, which can be assessed noninvasively with the DSC-MR imaging technique. This study shows that the suppression of CCL2 can play an important role in increasing the efficacy of anti-angiogenic treatment in GBM by inhibiting the recruitment of CCL2-dependent macrophages. © The Author(s) 201
Production of Transgenic Cloned Miniature Pigs with Membrane-bound Human Fas Ligand (FasL) by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
Cell-mediated xenograft rejection, including NK cells and CD8+ CTL, is a major obstacle in successful pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Human CD8+ CTL and NK cells display high cytotoxicity for pig cells, mediated at least in part by the Fas/FasL pathway. To prevent cell-mediated xenocytotoxicity, a membrane-bound form of human FasL (mFasL) was generated as an inhibitor for CTL and NK cell cytotoxicity that could not be cleaved by metalloproteinase to produce putative soluble FasL. We produced two healthy transgenic pigs harboring the mFasL gene via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In a cytotoxicity assay using transgenic clonal cell lines and transgenic pig ear cells, the rate of CD8+ CTL-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly reduced in transgenic pig's ear cells compared with that in normal minipig fetal fibroblasts. Our data indicate that grafts of transgenic pigs expressing membrane-bound human FasL control the cellular immune response to xenografts, creating a window of opportunity to facilitate xenograft survival
Changes in expression of insulin signaling pathway genes by dietary fat source in growing-finishing pigs
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