70 research outputs found
Capturing and Parsing the Mixed Properties of Light Verb Constructions in a Typed Feature Structure Grammar
One of the most widely used constructions in Korean is the so-called light verb construction (LVC) involving an active-denoting verbal noun (VN) together with the light verb ha-ta âdoâ. This paper first discusses the argument composition of the LVC, mixed properties of VNs which have provided a challenge to syntactic analyses with a strict version of X-bar theory. The paper shows the mechanism of multiple classification of category types with systematic inheritance can provide an effective way of capturing these mixed properties. The paper then restates the argument composition properties of the LVC and reenforces them with a constraint-based analysis. This paper also offers answers to the the puzzling syntactic variations in the LVC. Following these empirical and theoretical discussions is a short report on the implementation of the analysis within the LKB (Linguistics Knowledge Building) system
Culture Matters When Designing a Successful Happiness-Increasing Activity: A Comparison of the United States and South Korea
Research shows that performing positive activities, such as expressing gratitude and doing
acts of kindness, boosts happiness. But do specific positive activities work equally well across
cultures? Our study examined the role of cultureâactivity fit by testing two positive activities
across two cultures. Participants from the United States (n = 250) and South Korea (n = 270)
were randomly assigned to express gratitude, perform kind acts, or engage in a neutral activity
for the first half of a 6-week positive activity intervention. Multilevel growth modeling analyses
revealed that the effect of practicing gratitude or kindness was moderated by culture: U.S.
participants increased in well-being (WB) from both activities, Îł11 = 0.19, SE = 0.06, t(511) =
3.04, p = .0006; Îł12= 0.11, SE = 0.06, t(511) = 1.73, p = .03 (compared with the control group),
but South Korean participants benefited significantly less from practicing gratitude than did
U.S. participants, Îł13 = â0.24, SE = 0.07, t(511) = â3.36, p = .002. South Korean participants,
however, showed similar increases in WB as did U.S. participants when performing kind acts,
Îł14 = â0.06, SE = 0.07, t(511) = â0.82, ns. Finally, although greater self-reported effort yielded
significantly larger increases in WB for U.S. participants, the effect of effort was not as strong for
South Korean participants. We posit that, due to their dialectical philosophical tradition, South
Koreans might have been more prone to feel mixed emotions (e.g., indebtedness and gratitude)
while engaging in the gratitude letter activity than did U.S. participant
The Korean Case System: A Unified, Constraint-based Approach
One of the most complex phenomena in Korean is its case system. In addition to canonical case assignment patterns, it displays intriguing phenomena such as case stacking, case alternation, case on adverbs and verbal elements, and so forth. This paper extends the idea of the previous lexicalist analyses of Korean case such as that of Bratt (1996), Yoo (2002), and Choi (2003), and develops a constraint-based system that allows more tight interactions among lexicon, syntax, and semantics. Lexicon provides concise, flexible, non-redundant information syntax specifies appropriate constraints in combining words or phrasal elements with proper case information lexical semantics restricts the right semantic case value on the predicate's argument(s). This analysis allows us to provide a unified approach for the various case patterns in Korean and is much simpler in capturing the aforementioned case phenomena with more broad coverage
Some Implications of Believing that Happiness Involves the Absence of Pain: Negative Hedonic Beliefs Exacerbate the Effects of Stress on Well-Being
One common belief about happiness, espoused to varying degrees by both researchers and laypeople alike, is that happiness involves a lack of negative hedonic experiences. In the current investigation, we examine whether individual differences in endorsement of this belief, termed negative hedonic belief, moderate the effects of stress on happiness and several indicators of well-being. It was predicted that because stress involves the experience of negative hedonic states, increased stress would be more robustly associated with decreased happiness and well-being among those endorsing negative hedonic beliefs. Results from three studies utilizing both retrospective and prospective research designs generally support this prediction and suggest that endorsing the belief that happiness involves a lack of negative hedonic experiences is associated with more negative outcomes in response to the experience of heightened life stress
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Good for self or good for others? The well-being benefits of kindness in two cultures depend on how the kindness is framed
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'It's Up to You': Experimentally Manipulated Autonomy Support for Prosocial Behavior Improves Well-Being in Two Cultures Over Six Weeks
Previous research has demonstrated a strong link between prosocial behavior â particularly autonomous prosocial behavior â and well-being. Little is known, however, about whether and how autonomy might be boosted in the context of everyday kindnesses. We tested the effect of supporting studentsâ autonomy on well-being gains from practicing acts of kindness in a six-week randomized experimental study in the United States and South Korea. As predicted, performing kind acts while receiving autonomy support led to greater improvements in well-being than performing kind acts without autonomy support or engaging in comparison activities (i.e. focusing on oneâs academic work, with or without autonomy support). Notably, these well-being improvements were mediated by feelings of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The current study is one of the first to demonstrate the causal effect of autonomous prosocial behavior on well-being, as well as the psychological mechanism (i.e. need satisfaction) explaining this effect
Cultural similarities and differences in social inference: Evidence from behavioral predictions and lay theories of behavior
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91937/1/cultural_similarities_differences.pd
Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries
Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18â30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave
policies and womenâs political representation partially explained cross-national
variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically
larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national
variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in womenâs (rather than menâs) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to menâs higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, menâs leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed
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