Classification of bi-qutrit positive partial transpose entangled edge states by their ranks

We construct $3\otimes 3$ PPT entangled edge states with maximal ranks, to complete the classification of $3\otimes 3$ PPT entangled edge states by their types. The ranks of the states and their partial transposes are 8 and 6, respectively. These examples also disprove claims in the literature.Comment: correct the title to avoid an acronym, correct few text

Country Image, Perceived Product Quality and Purchase Intention: the Moderating Roles of Quality Warranty Certificate and Country-Image Transferred Strategies

This article aims at researching on the relationship of country image and customer perception on product quality and purchasing intention in South Korean. Additionally, the moderating roles of product quality warranty and country image transferred strategies are also taken into investigation in this empirical research. In order to make a research on these areas, questionnaire forms were distributed by emails and sending hard copies to 350 target samples in South Korea including Koreans and foreigners who have been living in South Korea and 215 forms were returned back and analyzed by SPSS v.21. The results indicated that gender, age groups and nationalities can significantly influence consumers' perception on the relationship country image and product quality. Surprisingly, the image of origin country produced products does not really affect consumers' perceived product quality, but the image of manufacturing country has a strong and significant influence on consumers' perception in terms of product quality. More interestingly, country image transferred strategy is ineffective in altering consumers' psychological perceptions on country image and perceived product quality. Apart from this, product quality warranty is still workable for boosting consumers' confidence in consuming products in Korean context. Even though this empirical research was considerably and carefully implemented, there are still some significant limitations in practice. The limitations and suggestion are finally introduced and explained

Conservation Activities on Korean Rare and Endemic Plants -with a Special Reference to the Korea National Arboretum

Symposium Pape

Fabrication of Buried Nanochannels From Nanowire Patterns

A method of fabricating channels having widths of tens of nanometers in silicon substrates and burying the channels under overlying layers of dielectric materials has been demonstrated. With further refinement, the method might be useful for fabricating nanochannels for manipulation and analysis of large biomolecules at single-molecule resolution. Unlike in prior methods, burying the channels does not involve bonding of flat wafers to the silicon substrates to cover exposed channels in the substrates. Instead, the formation and burying of the channels are accomplished in a more sophisticated process that is less vulnerable to defects in the substrates and less likely to result in clogging of, or leakage from, the channels. In this method, the first step is to establish the channel pattern by forming an array of sacrificial metal nanowires on an SiO2-on-Si substrate. In particular, the wire pattern is made by use of focused-ion-beam (FIB) lithography and a subsequent metallization/lift-off process. The pattern of metal nanowires is then transferred onto the SiO2 layer by reactive-ion etching, which yields sacrificial SiO2 nanowires covered by metal. After removal of the metal covering the SiO2 nanowires, what remains are SiO2 nanowires on an Si substrate. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is used to form a layer of a dielectric material over the Si substrate and over the SiO2 wires on the surface of the substrate. FIB milling is then performed to form trenches at both ends of each SiO2 wire. The trenches serve as openings for the entry of chemicals that etch SiO2 much faster than they etch Si. Provided that the nanowires are not so long that the diffusion of the etching chemicals is blocked, the sacrificial SiO2 nanowires become etched out from between the dielectric material and the Si substrate, leaving buried channels. At the time of reporting the information for this article, channels 3 m long, 20 nm deep, and 80 nm wide (see figure) had been fabricated by this method

Nanomechanical properties of hydrated organic thin films

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 167-171).Hydrated organic thin films are biological or synthetic molecularly thin coatings which impart a particular functionality to an underlying substrate and which have discrete water molecules associated with them. Such films exist in biology (e.g. cell membrane lipid bilayers) and have a broad array of potential engineering applications (e.g. biological implant and sensor surfaces, marine antifouling paints etc.). This doctoral thesis focuses on two important classes of hydrated organic thin films that were prepared and studied in vitro. The first model system was an oligo(ethylene oxide)-based self-assembling monolayer (OEO-SAM) which is a synthetic material that is known to exhibit exceptional resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption and, hence, it is a viable candidate for producing implant surfaces with improved biocompatibility. The second model system was the biologically relevant phosphorylcholine(PC)-supported lipid layer which mimics the structure of the cell membrane. The objective of this doctoral thesis was to quantify the functional form of the net surface interaction (force versus separation distance, F(D)), as well as the contact mechanical properties (e.g. elasticity, plasticity, fracture) of these two model systems under different solution conditions, in order to formulate a hypothesis for the molecular origins of the dominant interactions and furthermore, to gain a mechanistic understanding of their in vivo function and performance. For the OEO-SAMs, F(D) was found to exhibit the maximum monotonic repulsive functional form for intermediate surface packing densities (-70%) on loading (approach) and negligible adhesion (Fadhesion<0.3nN) on unloading (retract). Both were attributed to an electrostatic component arising from a dipole induced effective surface charge, as well as a nm-thick hydrated water layer.(cont.) For the PC lipid layers, the effect of length scale on the yield threshold force, Fy, was studied by varying the probe tip end radius, Rtip, used for the surface force measurements. Fy decreased by 20x (Force/Radius) as Rtip increased from 30 nm to 80 nm, presumably due to the fact that the contact area possessed an increased density of molecular-level defects, thereby causing stress concentrations and a reduction in mechanical stability of the layer.by Jae Hyeok Choi.Ph.D