Neurocognitive Function Among Middle-aged and Older Hispanic/Latinos: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

We sought to examine and describe neurocognitive function among middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) participants. We analyzed baseline cross-sectional data from the middle-aged and older (ages 45–74 years old) participants (n = 9,063) to calculate neurocognitive function scores and their correlates. Older age and higher depressive symptoms scores were associated with lower average neurocognitive performance, whereas greater educational attainment and household income were associated with higher neurocognitive performance. Hispanic/Latino heritage groups significantly varied in neurocognitive performances. Some neurocognitive differences between Hispanics/Latinos were maintained after controlling for language preference, education, household income, and depressive symptoms. We found notable differences in neurocognitive scores between Hispanic/Latino heritage groups that were not fully explained by the cultural and socioeconomic correlates examined in this study. Further investigations into plausible biological and environmental factors contributing to the Hispanic/Latino heritage group differences in neurocognitive found in the HCHS/SOL are warranted

Depression, anxiety, antidepressant use, and cardiovascular disease among Hispanic men and women of different national backgrounds: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Describe prevalence and relationships to cardiovascular morbidity of depression, anxiety and medication use among Hispanic/Latinos of different ethnic backgrounds

Obstructive sleep apnea and neurocognitive function in a Hispanic/Latino population.

ObjectiveWe evaluated the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and neurocognitive function among community-dwelling Hispanic/Latino individuals in the United States.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos middle-aged and older adults, aged 45 to 74 years, with neurocognitive test scores at baseline measurements from 2008 to 2011. Neurocognitive scores were measured using the Word Fluency (WF) Test, the Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (SEVLT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) Test. OSA was defined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Multivariable linear regression models were fit to evaluate relations between OSA and neurocognitive scores.ResultsThe analysis consisted of 8,059 participants, mean age of 56 years, 55% women, and 41% with less than high school education. The mean AHI was 9.0 (range 0-142; normal AHI <5/h). There was an association between the AHI and all 4 neurocognitive test scores: Brief-SEVLT-sum (β = -0.022) and -recall (β = -0.010), WF (β = -0.023), and DSS (β = -0.050) at p < 0.01 that was fully attenuated by age. In the fully adjusted regression model, female sex was a moderating factor between the AHI and WF (β = -0.027, p < 0.10), SVELT-sum (β = -0.37), SVELT-recall (β = -0.010), and DSS (β = -0.061) at p < 0.01.ConclusionOSA was associated with worse neurocognitive function in a representative sample of Hispanic/Latino women in the United States

Abstract P115: Relationship between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Psychological Distress among Hispanic/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos

Background: Studies show that cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are correlated with psychological distress. Minimal research has been conducted exploring the relationship between psychological distress and CVD risk among Hispanic/ Latinos (H/L) of different background groups. The aim of this study was to investigate which CVD risk factors were most strongly correlated with psychological distress. Methods: The multi-site prospective population-based Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos enrolled a cohort of H/L adults (n = 16,415) ages 18-74 in four US communities (Chicago, San Diego, Miami, and Bronx). Households were selected using a stratified two-stage probability sampling design and door-to-door recruitment, and sampling weights calibrated to the 2010 US Population Census. Analyses involve 15,464 participants with complete data. Psychological distress (i.e., 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and 10 item Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale), socio-demographics (i.e., age, education, health insurance, gender, and H/L background), acculturation (i.e., years in the U.S., country of birth, and language), and CVD risk factors [i.e., dyslipidemia (HDL cholesterol 8 hr AND fasting glucose ≥ 126, or fasting time ≤ 8 hr AND fasting glucose ≥ 200, or post-OGTT glucose ≥ 200, or A1C≥ 6.5 or on medication), and hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 or on mediations)] were measured during the HCHS/SOL baseline exam. Associations between CVD risk factors and psychological distress were assessed using multiple linear regression models with depression and anxiety as dependent variables, accounting for the complex survey design and sampling weights, and controlling for socio-demographic and acculturation covariates. Results: Current smoking, diabetes, and BMI were significantly associated with depression and anxiety symptoms, after adjusting for covariates. Mean depressive symptomatology was 1.66 higher among smokers, .58 higher among diabetics, and increased by .04 for every one unit increase in BMI; mean anxiety symptomatology was 1.31 higher among smokers, .58 higher among diabetics, and increased by .05 for every one unit increase in BMI, adjusting for other factors. Dyslipidemia and hypertension were not associated with depression or anxiety. Discussion: Results demonstrate that certain CVD risk factors (i.e., smoking, diabetes, and BMI) were associated with psychological distress. Among the multiple CVD risk factors, current smoking was the strongest correlate; indicating its importance in CVD risk reduction among patients with depressive symptomatology

Obstructive sleep apnea and neurocognitive function in a Hispanic/Latino population.

ObjectiveWe evaluated the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and neurocognitive function among community-dwelling Hispanic/Latino individuals in the United States.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos middle-aged and older adults, aged 45 to 74 years, with neurocognitive test scores at baseline measurements from 2008 to 2011. Neurocognitive scores were measured using the Word Fluency (WF) Test, the Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (SEVLT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) Test. OSA was defined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Multivariable linear regression models were fit to evaluate relations between OSA and neurocognitive scores.ResultsThe analysis consisted of 8,059 participants, mean age of 56 years, 55% women, and 41% with less than high school education. The mean AHI was 9.0 (range 0-142; normal AHI <5/h). There was an association between the AHI and all 4 neurocognitive test scores: Brief-SEVLT-sum (β = -0.022) and -recall (β = -0.010), WF (β = -0.023), and DSS (β = -0.050) at p < 0.01 that was fully attenuated by age. In the fully adjusted regression model, female sex was a moderating factor between the AHI and WF (β = -0.027, p < 0.10), SVELT-sum (β = -0.37), SVELT-recall (β = -0.010), and DSS (β = -0.061) at p < 0.01.ConclusionOSA was associated with worse neurocognitive function in a representative sample of Hispanic/Latino women in the United States

Neurocognitive Function Among Middle-aged and Older Hispanic/Latinos: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

We sought to examine and describe neurocognitive function among middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) participants. We analyzed baseline cross-sectional data from the middle-aged and older (ages 45–74 years old) participants (n = 9,063) to calculate neurocognitive function scores and their correlates. Older age and higher depressive symptoms scores were associated with lower average neurocognitive performance, whereas greater educational attainment and household income were associated with higher neurocognitive performance. Hispanic/Latino heritage groups significantly varied in neurocognitive performances. Some neurocognitive differences between Hispanics/Latinos were maintained after controlling for language preference, education, household income, and depressive symptoms. We found notable differences in neurocognitive scores between Hispanic/Latino heritage groups that were not fully explained by the cultural and socioeconomic correlates examined in this study. Further investigations into plausible biological and environmental factors contributing to the Hispanic/Latino heritage group differences in neurocognitive found in the HCHS/SOL are warranted

Depression, anxiety, antidepressant use, and cardiovascular disease among Hispanic men and women of different national backgrounds: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

PURPOSE: Describe prevalence and relationships to cardiovascular morbidity of depression, anxiety and medication use among Hispanic/Latinos of different ethnic backgrounds. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 15,864 men and women ages 18–74 in the population-based Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed with shortened Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale and Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale. RESULTS: Prevalence of high depressive symptoms ranged from low of 22.3% (95%CI: 20.4–24.3) to high of 38.0% (95%CI: 35.2–41.0) among those of Mexican or Puerto Rican background respectively. Adjusted odds ratios for depression rose monotonically with number of CVD risk factors from 1.46 (95%CI: 1.18, 1.75) for those with no risk factors to 4.36 (95%CI: 2.47, 7.70) for those with 5 risk factors. Antidepressant medication was used by 5% with striking differences between those with and without history of CVD (15.4% and 4.6% respectively) and between insured (8.2%) and uninsured (1.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Among US Hispanics/Latinos, high depression and anxiety symptoms varied nearly twofold by Hispanic background and sex, history of CVD and increasing number of CVD risk factors. Antidepressant medication use was lower than in the general population, suggesting under treatment especially among those who had no health insurance