Arqueologia e história indígena no Pantanal

O artigo apresenta uma síntese dos dados arqueológicos sobre o Pantanal e o seu entorno, principalmente em Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul. Elaborado com base na noção de arqueologia como história indígena de longa duração, o artigo considera as trajetórias de estabelecimento e consolidação territorial da ocupação indígena regional, os processos de formação da configuração etnográfica encontrada pelos europeus e os impactos do colonialismo. O principal objetivo consiste em mostrar que a diversidade cultural característica do cenário etnográfico pantaneiro está associada à dinâmica histórica e cultural da ocupação indígena desde períodos anteriores à chegada dos conquistadores e colonizadores de origem europeia.The article presents an overview of the archaeological data on the Pantanal and its surrounding areas, mainly in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. Prepared based on the notion of archeology as long term indigenous history, the article considers the trajectories of territorial establishment and consolidation of the regional indigenous occupation, the formation processes of ethnographic setting found by Europeans and the impact of colonialism. The main objective is to show that cultural diversity characteristic of the Pantanal ethnographic scenario is associated with historical and cultural dynamics of indigenous occupation from periods prior to the arrival of the conquistadors and settlers of European origin

Paranaguá, Antonina e Curitiba, início do século XIX: reconstituindo espaços e a lógica de sua organização social

This paper is to develop a methodology to characterize the spatial distribution in the early nineteenth century, the urban residents enrolled in the Décima of Paranaguá, Antonina and Curitiba, three villages in southern province of São Paulo. Here are the problems faced and decisions made, almost always temporary and arbitrary. The result reached hypothetical plants of subdivisions and urban streets of those towns. From a database - developed mainly with the information Lista Nominativa de Habitantes - it was possible to characterize residents enrolled in the books of property tax Décima. Spatialising thematic data in plants, where they lived was possible to perceive the social group, your choices (or lack thereof), or realize their preferred sites, but not exclusive housing.O objetivo desse artigo é desenvolver uma metodologia para caracterizar a espacialização, no início do século XIX, dos moradores arrolados nas décimas urbanas de Paranaguá, Antonina e Curitiba, três vilas do sul da capitania de São Paulo. Apresentamos aqui os problemas enfrentados e decisões tomadas, quase sempre provisórias e arbitrárias. O resultado chegou a plantas hipotéticas dos loteamentos e arruamentos urbanos daquelas vilas. A partir de um banco de dados - elaborado principalmente com informações das Listas Nominativas de Habitantes -, foi possível caracterizar os moradores arrolados nos livros de imposto predial de Décima. Espacializando esses dados em plantas temáticas, foi possível perceber onde moravam os grupo sociais, suas escolhas (ou a falta delas), ou seja, perceber seus locais preferenciais, mas não exclusivos, de habitação

Mafic macrocrysts of ultrabasic alkaline dikes from the mantiqueira range, se, brazil: Tracers of a complex plumbing system

Macrocryst assemblages of porphyritic alkaline dikes in the Mantiqueira range (SE Brazil) are mainly composed of clinopyroxene and olivine with different origins. Based on petrographic features, mineral chemistry, and equilibrium relationships with the host liquid, those macrocrysts are classified as xenocrysts, antecrysts, and phenocrysts. Described xenocrysts are mantle olivine, Cr-diopside cores compatible with garnet-bearing mantle facies, green-core clinopyroxene cores compatible with lower crust, and enstatite cores mantled by clinopyroxene, all reported for the first time in this region. Two contrasting types of clinopyroxene antecrysts prevail among the macrocryst cores (both occurring in the same samples and presenting corrosion and sieve textures): Primitive colorless diopside and more evolved green-core clinopyroxenes. In the studied rocks, green clinopyroxene zones mantling colorless diopside cores (and vice-versa) are also found. Diopside- and green-cores antecrysts have similar compositions to those from mafic and felsic alkaline melts, respectively. Phenocrysts are mainly related to Ti-augite overgrowths, mantling all other types. Mixing-model curves between mafic and felsic alkaline equilibrium liquids calculated from clinopyroxene antecrysts indicate a hybrid origin for the host matrix. The macrocryst populations of the studied dikes are indicative of a complex plumbing system, recording several processes of an open-system magmatic evolution

Isotopic clues tracking the open-system evolution of the Ponte Nova mafic-ultramafic alkaline massif, SE Brazil: The contribution of Pb isotopes

The Pb isotope ratios of olivine- and nepheline-normative rocks from the Ponte Nova mafic-ultramafic alkaline massif (SE Brazil) corroborate evidence that the assimilation of crustal components played an important role in this small magma chamber. New whole-rock 206Pb/204Pbi (17.655–18.362) and 208Pb/204Pbi (38.029–38.591) ratios correlate negatively with 143Nd/144Ndi (0.512216–0.512555) and positively with 87Sr/88Sri (0.70432–0.70641). The whole-rock ratios of 207Pb/204Pbi (15.494–15.556) are not clearly correlated with other isotopic pairs. Most of Ponte Nova samples straddle the curve for μ = ∼8.7, but the majority plot to the right of the geochron, indicating U enrichment. The least contaminated samples plot within the Tristan-type isotopic composition and close to the Trindade isotopic field and might have formed through mixing between OIB and EM-I components. Mixing model isotope curves correlating Sr–Nd–Pb isotope ratios, considering the most pristine compositions (central plug) and the main host rocks of this area, indicate low crustal contributions for some intrusions and high contributions for others. More pronounced contributions from local metagranitic host rocks are associated with intrusions showing high amounts of crustal components. The wide interval of calculated Nd depleted-mantle model ages (TDM: 703–1217 Ma) for Ponte Nova rocks indicates that crustal contamination and clinopyroxene accumulation can strongly modify these values versus those from liquid compositions (nearby alkaline dikes). Therefore, rocks affected by crustal contamination and clinopyroxene accumulation should not be considered for periods of enrichment/metasomatism of the mantle source

Petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic evidence of crustal assimilation processes in the Indaiá-II Kimberlite, alto Paranaíba Province, Southeast Brazil

The Indaiá-I and Indaiá-II intrusions are hypabyssal, small-sized ultrabasic bodies belonging to the Cretaceous magmatism of the Alto Paranaiba Alkaline Province (southeast-central western Brazil). While Indaiá-I is classified as an archetypal group-I kimberlite, Indaiá-II (its satellite intrusion) presents several petrographic and chemical distinctions: (1) an ultrapotassic composition (similar to kamafugites), (2) lower volumes of olivine macrocrysts, (3) diopside as the main matrix phase (in contrast with the presence of monticellite in Indaiá-I), (4) high amounts of phlogopite, and (5) abundant felsic boudinaged and stretched microenclaves and crustal xenoliths. Disequilibrium features, such as embayment and sieve textures in olivine and clinopyroxene grains, are indicative of open-system processes in Indaiá-II. Mineral reactions observed in Indaiá-II (e.g., diopside formed at the expense of monticellite and olivine; phlogopite nearby crustal enclaves and close to olivine macrocrysts) point to an increase in the silica activity of the kimberlite magma; otherwise partially melted crustal xenoliths present kalsilite, generated by desilification reactions. The high Contamination Index (2.12-2.25) and the large amounts of crustal xenoliths (most of them totally transformed or with evidence of partial melting) indicate a high degree of crustal assimilation in the Indaiá-II intrusion. Calculated melts (after removal of olivine xenocrysts) of Indaiá-II have higher amounts of SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, slightly higher Rb/Sr ratios, lower Ce/Pb and Gd/Lu ratios, higher 87Sr/86Sr, and lower 143Nd/144Nd than those calculated for Indaiá-I. Crustal contamination models were developed considering mixing between the calculated melts of Indaiá-I and partial melts modeled from the granitoid country rocks. Mixing-model curves using major and trace elements and isotopic compositions are consistent with crustal assimilation processes with amounts of crustal contribution of ca. 30%. We conclude that (1) Indaiá-II is representative of a highly contaminated kimberlitic intrusion, (2) this contamination occurred by the assimilation of anatectic melts from the main crustal country rocks of this area, and (3) Indaiá-I and Indaiá-II could have had the same parent melt, but with different degrees of crustal contamination. Our petrological model also indicates that Indaiá-II is a satellite blind pipe linked to the main occurrence of Indaiá-I

Human mobility on the Brazilian coast: an analysis of strontium isotopes in archaeological human remains from Forte Marechal Luz Sambaqui

This study investigated strontium isotopes in the dental enamel of 32 human skeletons from Forte Marechal Luz sambaqui (shellmound), Santa Catarina, Brazil, aiming at identifying local and non-local individuals. The archeological site presents pot sherds in the uppermost archeological layers. Dental enamel was also examined from specimens of terrestrial fauna (87Sr/86Sr = 0. 71046 to 0. 71273) and marine fauna (87Sr/86Sr = 0. 70917). The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio for individuals classified as locals ranged from 0. 70905 to 0. 71064 and was closer to the isotope ratio of the seawater than to the ratio of the terrestrial fauna, indicating a strong influence of marine strontium on the inhabitants of this sambaqui. The results indicate the existence of three non-local individuals (87Sr/86Sr = 0. 70761 to 0. 70835), buried in both the level without pottery and the layer with pottery, possibly originated from the Santa Catarina Plateau, close to the municipality of Lages, or from the Curitiba Plateau. The occurrence of a slight difference between the isotope ratios of local individuals buried in the archeological layer without pottery, when compared to those in the layer with pottery, suggests a possible change in dietary patterns between these two moments in the site's occupation<br>O presente estudo investigou isótopos de estrôncio em esmalte dentário de 32 remanescentes humanos do sambaqui do Forte Marechal Luz, Santa Catarina, Brasil, com o objetivo de identificar indivíduos locais e não-locais. O sítio arqueológico apresenta fragmentos de cerâmica em suas camadas arqueológicas mais recentes. Além das amostras humanas, foram analisadas amostras de esmalte dentário de espécimes de fauna terrestre (87Sr/86Sr = 0,71046 a 0,71273) e fauna marinha (87Sr/86Sr = 0,70917). A razão 87Sr/86Sr dos indivíduos classificados como locais variou de 0,70905 a 0,71064, sendo próxima a razão de estrôncio existente nos oceanos e distante da razão obtida para a fauna terrestre do mesmo sítio, indicando uma influência marinha na origem do estrôncio dos habitantes desse sambaqui. Foram identificados de três indivíduos não locais (87Sr/86Sr = 0,70761 a 0,70835), sepultados em ambas camadas arqueológicas sem evidência e com evidência de cerâmica. Estes indivíduos podem ter origem no planalto catarinense, no entorno do município de Lages, ou do planalto curitibano. A ocorrência de uma pequena diferença entre as razões isotópicas dos indivíduos locais sepultados nas camadas sem evidência de cerâmica, daqueles sepultados nas camadas ceramistas, sugere a possibilidade de uma mudança nos padrões de alimentação entre esses dois momentos de ocupação do síti