89 research outputs found
The comparison of characteristics of pi^{-} mesons produced in central Mg-Mg interactions with the quark gluon string model predictions
A detailed study of pion production in central Mg-Mg collisions at a momentum
of 4.3 GeV/c per incident nucleon was carried out with use of the setup GIBS.
The average kinematical characteristics of pions (multiplicity n_, momentum P,
transverse momentum P_{T}, emission angle Q, rapidity Y) and corresponding
distributions have been obtained. The experimental results have been compared
with the predictions of the Quark Gluon String Model (QGSM) and satisfactory
agreement between the experimental data and the model has been found. The QGSM
reproduces also the dependence of average P_{T} on n_{-}.
The temperatures of pi^{-} mesons have been estimated in the rapidity
interval of 0.5<=Y<=2.1. A satisfactory fit for pi^{-} mesons has been achieved
by using a form involving two temperatures T_{1} and T_{2}. It was found that
the QGSM underestimates T_{2} by (10-15)%.
The data have been analyzed using the transverse momentum technique. The
observed dependence of the on Y shows the S-shape behaviour. The
slope at midrapidity F had been determined. The QGSM reproduces the
distribution satisfactorily, but underestimates the parameter F.Comment: 21 pages with 9 postscript figure
The analysis of pi^{-} mesons produced in nucleus-nucleus collisions at a momentum of 4.5 GeV/c/nucleon in light front variables
The light front analysis of pi^{-} mesons in He(Li,C), C-Ne, C-Cu and O-Pb
collisions is carried out. The phase space of secondary pions is divided into
two parts in one of which the thermal equilibrium assumption seems to be in a
good agreement with the data. Corresponding temperatures T are extracted and
their dependence on (A_{P}*A_{T})^{1/2} is studied. The results are compared
with the predictions of the Quark-Gluon String Model (QGSM). The QGSM
satisfactorily reproduces the experimental data for light and intermediate-mass
nuclei.Comment: 14 pages with 9 postscript figure
Light-Front Analysis of pi^{-} Mesons Produced in Mg - Mg Collisions at 4.3 a Gev/c
Light-front analysis of pi^{-} mesons in Mg-Mg collisions is carried out. The
phase space of secondary pions is naturally divided into two parts in one of
which the thermal equilibration assumption seems to be in a good agreement with
data. Corresponding temperatures are extracted and compared to the results of
other experiments. The experimental results have been compared with the
predictions of the Quark Gluon String Model (QGSM) and satisfactory agreement
between the experimental data and the model has been found.Comment: 14 pages with 7 postscript figures. accepted for publication in Nucl.
Phys.
Differential Transverse Flow in Central C-Ne and C-Cu Collisions at 3.7 GeV/nucleon
Differential transverse flow of protons and pions in central C-Ne and C-Cu
collisions at a beam energy of 3.7 GeV/nucleon was measured as a function of
transverse momentum at the SKM-200-GIBS setup of JINR. In agreement with
predictions of a transversely moving thermal model, the strength of proton
differential transverse flow is found to first increase gradually and then
saturate with the increasing transverse momentum in both systems. While pions
are preferentially emitted in the same direction of the proton transverse flow
in the reaction of C-Ne, they exhibit an anti-flow to the opposote direction of
the proton transverse flow in the reaction of C-Cu due to stronger shadowing
effects of the heavier target in thr whole range of transverse momentum.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure
The Light Front Analysis of pi^{-} Mesons Produced in the Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
The light front analysis of pi^{-} mesons in A_{P} (He, C, Mg, O) + A_{T}
(Li,C, Ne, Mg,Cu,Pb) collisions is carried out. The phase space of secondary
pions is naturally divided into two parts in one of which the thermal
equilibration assumption seems to be in a good agreement with data.
Corresponding temperatures are extracted and compared to the results of other
experiments. The dependence of the average temperature T on (A_{P}*A_{T})^{1/2}
is studied.Comment: 15 pages with 13 postscript figure
Anisotropic flow in 4.2A GeV/c C+Ta collisions
Anisotropic flow of protons and negative pions in 4.2A GeV/c C+Ta collisions
is studied using the Fourier analysis of azimuthal distributions. The protons
exhibit pronounced directed flow. Directed flow of pions is positive in the
entire rapidity interval and indicates that the pions are preferentially
emitted in the reaction plane from the target to the projectile. The elliptic
flow of protons and negative pions is close to zero. Comparison with the
quark-gluon-string model (QGSM) and relativistic transport model (ART 1.0) show
that they both yield a flow signature similar to the experimental data.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Flow analysis from multiparticle azimuthal correlations
We present a new method for analyzing directed and elliptic flow in heavy ion
collisions. Unlike standard methods, it separates the contribution of flow to
azimuthal correlations from contributions due to other effects. The separation
relies on a cumulant expansion of multiparticle azimuthal correlations, and
includes corrections for detector inefficiencies. This new method allows the
measurement of the flow of identified particles in narrow phase-space regions,
and can be used in every regime, from intermediate to ultrarelativistic
energies.Comment: 31 pages, revtex. Published version (references added
The co-evolution of the genome and epigenome in colorectal cancer.
Colorectal malignancies are a leading cause of cancer-related death1 and have undergone extensive genomic study2,3. However, DNA mutations alone do not fully explain malignant transformation4-7. Here we investigate the co-evolution of the genome and epigenome of colorectal tumours at single-clone resolution using spatial multi-omic profiling of individual glands. We collected 1,370 samples from 30 primary cancers and 8 concomitant adenomas and generated 1,207 chromatin accessibility profiles, 527 whole genomes and 297 whole transcriptomes. We found positive selection for DNA mutations in chromatin modifier genes and recurrent somatic chromatin accessibility alterations, including in regulatory regions of cancer driver genes that were otherwise devoid of genetic mutations. Genome-wide alterations in accessibility for transcription factor binding involved CTCF, downregulation of interferon and increased accessibility for SOX and HOX transcription factor families, suggesting the involvement of developmental genes during tumourigenesis. Somatic chromatin accessibility alterations were heritable and distinguished adenomas from cancers. Mutational signature analysis showed that the epigenome in turn influences the accumulation of DNA mutations. This study provides a map of genetic and epigenetic tumour heterogeneity, with fundamental implications for understanding colorectal cancer biology
Theory of Sound Propagation in Superfluid Solutions Filled Porous Media
A theory of the propagation of acoustic waves in a porous medium filled with
superfluid solution is developed. The elastic coefficients in the system of
equations are expressed in terms of physically measurable quantities. The
equations obtained describe all volume modes that can propagate in a porous
medium saturated with superfluid solution. Finally, derived equations are
applied to the most important particular case when the normal fluid component
is locked inside a highly porous media (aerogel) by viscous forces and the
velocities of two longitudinal sound modes are calculated.Comment: 13 pages, 0 figure
Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds: Virus Evolution in a Multihost Ecosystem.
Wild ducks and gulls are the major reservoirs for avian influenza A viruses (AIVs). The mechanisms that drive AIV evolution are complex at sites where various duck and gull species from multiple flyways breed, winter, or stage. The Republic of Georgia is located at the intersection of three migratory flyways: the Central Asian flyway, the East Africa/West Asia flyway, and the Black Sea/Mediterranean flyway. For six complete study years (2010 to 2016), we collected AIV samples from various duck and gull species that breed, migrate, and overwinter in Georgia. We found a substantial subtype diversity of viruses that varied in prevalence from year to year. Low-pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) subtypes included H1N1, H2N3, H2N5, H2N7, H3N8, H4N2, H6N2, H7N3, H7N7, H9N1, H9N3, H10N4, H10N7, H11N1, H13N2, H13N6, H13N8, and H16N3, and two highly pathogenic AIVs (HPAIVs) belonging to clade 2.3.4.4, H5N5 and H5N8, were found. Whole-genome phylogenetic trees showed significant host species lineage restriction for nearly all gene segments and significant differences in observed reassortment rates, as defined by quantification of phylogenetic incongruence, and in nucleotide sequence diversity for LPAIVs among different host species. Hemagglutinin clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 viruses, which circulated in Eurasia during 2014 and 2015, did not reassort, but analysis after their subsequent dissemination during 2016 and 2017 revealed reassortment in all gene segments except NP and NS. Some virus lineages appeared to be unrelated to AIVs in wild bird populations in other regions, with maintenance of local AIVs in Georgia, whereas other lineages showed considerable genetic interrelationships with viruses circulating in other parts of Eurasia and Africa, despite relative undersampling in the area.IMPORTANCE Waterbirds (e.g., gulls and ducks) are natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) and have been shown to mediate the dispersal of AIVs at intercontinental scales during seasonal migration. The segmented genome of influenza viruses enables viral RNA from different lineages to mix or reassort when two viruses infect the same host. Such reassortant viruses have been identified in most major human influenza pandemics and several poultry outbreaks. Despite their importance, we have only recently begun to understand AIV evolution and reassortment in their natural host reservoirs. This comprehensive study illustrates AIV evolutionary dynamics within a multihost ecosystem at a stopover site where three major migratory flyways intersect. Our analysis of this ecosystem over a 6-year period provides a snapshot of how these viruses are linked to global AIV populations. Understanding the evolution of AIVs in the natural host is imperative to mitigating both the risk of incursion into domestic poultry and the potential risk to mammalian hosts, including humans
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