Aerodynamic Analysis of Spiral Grooved Gas Thrust Bearing

Thrust bearings are designed to support the axial loads generated by the rotating component of turbomachinary like turbocharger and turboexpander. Aerodynamic gas thrust bearing like tilting pad, tapered pad, grooved has been successfully designed and developed. Previously it was difficult and costly to generate spiral grooves but now it easily be developed with laser machining process. Current research target to design and develop an alternative aerodynamic grooved thrust bearing with spiral pattern to find pressure profile, load carrying capacity and friction coefficient etc. In this analysis Reynolds Equation is solved by using the Finite Difference Method (FDM) to get the pressure distribution over the surface of the spiral grooved bearing. After the pressure distribution is known, load carrying capacity and friction coefficient is calculated and their variation with different parameters are presented. The suitability of designed bearing is checked for the designed turboexpander. Here the resultant axial thrust load is calculated for the designed micro turboexpander and this axial thrust load is compared with the load carrying capacity of the designed bearing. The author believe that the detail and procedural analysis will help the researchers to design and develop more alternative gas bearing for micromachinary like turbocharger and turboexpander etc

Comparative Study of Different Grid Connected Wind Energy Conversion System Configurations

As per the present scenario of the world energy crisis, Renewable energy conversion sys-tems (wind energy) have become the most prominent alternative in the field of renewa-ble energy, especially at offshore locations due to the availability of wind in huge amounts round the clock. This paper summarizes the comparative study of most com-monly used generators and power converters configurations at off-shore/on-shore wind farms. A comparison study has been done on the basis of their fixed/variable speed op-eration, MPPT ability, FRT ability, power converter utilization, power factor, reactive power compensation, with and without gearbox, and other technical parameters

Investigation for natural fiber reinforced hybrid composite

256-261Natural fiber reinforced hybrid composite is developed to meet the environment friendly and sustainable demand of industry. Jute and sisal fibers are mixed in different composition to produce Jute-Sisal-Epoxy hybrid composites using hand layup methods. Hybrid composites are developed by mixing 15% of fiber fraction by weight with 85% epoxy resin and hardener. Both are mixed respectively in the ratio of 70 to 30. Tensile test and moisture absorption test have been carried out according to ASTM standard to determine the most appropriate fiber combination. It has been observed that moisture gain was highest in 100% sisal fiber composite and decreases gradually with raise in the percentage of jute fiber. However, tensile strength was highest for sisal fiber composite as compared to jute fiber

Impact of weather parameters on maize agroecosystem and adaptation strategies under changing climatic conditions: A review: Sustainable and climate-resilient adaptation strategies in maize agroecosystem

Change in precipitation patterns and increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events (high temperatures and heat waves) harm crop productivity. As per the future prediction, the temperature may increase by 2.5 0C by 2050 and by 2-30 C by the end of the century. The present review evaluates the impact of a rise and fall in temperature, solar radiation, and CO2 on the productivity of maize and other crops. Agronomic management practices during the crop growth period of selecting crop cultivars, date of sowing, plant population, dosage, timing, and methods of application of inputs are influenced by temperature, rainfall, solar radiation, and CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Overall crop productivity will reduce by 50.9 % in wheat in the USA, 46% in maize in China,17% in cotton in India, and 30% in sugarcane in India. Changing the sowing date and adopting improved early and short-duration varieties of corn and other crops are becoming significant under low-cost adoption technologies to mitigate climate change. Info Crop-SORGHUM simulation model predicts that change in the sowing date of a variety in sorghum reduces the impact of climate change and vulnerability to 1- 2 % by 2020, 3-8 % by 2050, and 4-9% by 2080. The review highlights the impact of heat stress and drought on soil processes, and overall soil health. The authors conclude to implement climate adoption technologies based on Agriculture 4.0 to sustain crop production globally

Study to compare stapled haemorrhoidectomy with conventional haemorrhoidectomy in terms of outcome variables

Aims: The aim of the study to compare stapled haemorrhoidectomy with conventional haemorrhoidectomy in terms of outcome variables. Material and methods: It was a prospective study comparing Milligan Morgan open hemorrhoidectomy and Stapled hemorrhoidopexy for the management of grade 3 and 4 hemorrhoids, in the Department of General Surgery, PMCH, Bihar, India for 8 month. The patients included in the study were divided into two groups. 60 patients underwent Milligan Morgan technique of open hemorrhoidectomy and 60 underwent longo technique of stapled hemorroidopexy. Post-operative pain was managed according to the guidelines of French Anaesthesia Society. Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) where a score of 0 represented no pain and a score of 10 represented the worst pain ever. Results: In stapled hemorrhoidopexy group, 53.33% were males and 46.67% were females. In open hemorrhoidectomy group 63.33% were males and 36.67% were females. Mean age of the patients was 38.60±9.69 years and 41.05±10.5 years in the stapled hemorrhoidopexy and open hemorrhoidectomy groups respectively. 46.67% patients had Grade 3 hemorrhoids in stapled hemorrhoidopexy and 41.67% in open hemorrhoidectomy groups, and 53.33% had grade 4 hemorrhoids in stapled hemorrhoidopexy and 58.33% in open hemorrhoidectomy groups.The mean duration of surgery was 35 min, ranging from 24 to 58 minutes. In the open hemorrhoidectomy group, mean duration was 47 minutes, ranging from 26 to 60 minutes. Complete circumferential donut of the stapler line at the end of procedure was 90%. Bleeding was seen in 15% of patients in stapled hemorrhoidopexy group and 23.33% of patients in open hemorrhoidectomy group. Residual prolapse was seen in 53.33% of patients in open hemorrhoidectomy group and none in stapled hemorrhoidopexy group. The mean duration of hospital stay was 2.2 days in the stapled group as compared to 4.5 days in the open group. 85 % were discharged within 2 days in the stapled group, whereas only 3 % in the open group. 77% were discharged at the end of 4 days in the open group. The pain scores were significantly higher in the open group at 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and at first defecation. Conclusion: we conclude that stapled hemorrhoidopexy is associated with shorter duration of surgery, less postoperative pain and need for analgesia, shorter duration of hospital stay and a quicker recovery, earlier return to work and a high patient satisfaction as compared with Milligan-Morgan open hemorrhoidectomy Keywords: hemorrhoids, hemorrhoidopexy, study

To identify bacterial aetiology of surgical site infections and their antibiogram to find drug useful for empirical treatment.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to identify bacterial etiology of surgical site infections and their antibiogram to find drug useful for empirical treatment. Material and methods:The study was a crosssectional study which was carried in the Department of General Surgery, PMCH, Bihar, Indiafor 18 months. Using sterile cotton swabs, two pus swabs/ wound swabs were collected aseptically from each patient suspected of having SSI. Gram stained preparations were made from one swab for provisional diagnosis. The other swab was inoculated on nutrient agar, 5% sheep blood agar (BA) and MacConkey agar (MA) plates and incubated at 37°C for 24-48 hours before being reported as sterile. Growth on culture plates was identified by its colony characters and the battery of standard biochemical tests. All the isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique on Muller Hinton Agar. Results: Out of 410 samples, 200 samples were culture positive (48.78%). Among 200 positive samples 109 (54.5%) were males. Maximum no. of culture positive samples in age 20-30 years (33.5%) followed by 30-40 (16.5 %) and then followed by 40-50 (14.5%) of age group respectively. Out of 200 culture positive samples S.aureus (26.5%) was the most common pathogen isolated followed by Escherichia coli. (22.5%), Citrobacter spp. (15.5%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.5%) respectively. Among gram negative bacilli, E.coli was most sensitive to Imipenem 88.89%) followed by Amikacin (77.77%) and Piperacillin Tazobactam (73.33%) whereas for Citrobacter spp., Imipenem (74.19%) followed by Gentamicin  (45.16%), Ciprofloxacin (41.93%) was the drug of choice then for Klebsiella spp., Imipenem (76.47%) followed by Gentamicin (47.05%), Amikacin (47.05%) was the drug of choice. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Imipenem (68.42%) followed by Piperacillin Tazobactam (63.16%), Gentamicin (57.89%) was the drug of choice and for Enterobacter spp., Imipenem (76.92%) followed by Amikacin (53.84%), Piperacillin Tazobactam (53.84%) showed maximum sensitivity . Among gram positive organism, S.aureus showed maximum antibiotic sensitivity to Linezolid (96.22%) followed by Vancomycin (94.33%), Amikacin (83.02%) whereas CONS was sensitive to Linezolid (93.33%) followed by Vancomycin (86.67%), and Gentamicin (80%).Conclusion: We conclude that despite of modern surgical techniques and antimicrobial availability and use, SSIs are common among patients undergoing surgeries. Bacterial resistance is a serious threat for treating infections and exists for more commonly available and used antimicrobials. Key words: bacterial,etiolog

A study to assess the Clinico-etiologic profile of patients with acute pancreatitis

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a common disease with wide clinical variation and its incidence is increasing. Acute pancreatitis includes a wide spectrum of disease, from mild self limiting symptoms to a fulminant process with multiple organ failure and high mortality. Aim: The present study was aimed to study etiology and complications of acute pancreatitis, to assess the clinical profile of acute pancreatitis. Material and Methods: The study was a crosssectional study which was carried in the Department of General Surgery, PMCH, Bihar, India for one year. Total 100 patients who were diagnosed for acute pancreatitis were include in this study and data collection on admission included age, sex, address and clinical presentation with respect to pain vomiting, gallstones trauma and drugs was noted.  Results: Out of 100 patients, 56 were males and 44 were females. Majority of patients at the age group of 30-40 (42%) and followed by 40-50 years (33%). All the patients (100%) presented with pain abdomen, 84% of them presented with nausea/vomiting, 45% of them presented with fever and 28 % of them with jaundice. 46% patient’s biliary pancreatitis was found to be the most common cause for acute pancreatitis. Alcoholism was the second most common cause (35%). Hyperlipidemia (4%) and traumatic (4%) pancreatitis was found in 4 patient each. Patients where no cause was found were labelled as idiopathic (11%). In males alcoholism induced pancreatitis was most common with a second commonest as biliary etiology .Diabetes mellitus was most prevalent in the study population 59%. Obesity as defined by the current definition was prevalent in 41%. Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis is one of the leading causes for increase morbidity and mortality to society. Cinical assessment along with lab markers correlated well with the mortality and morbidity. Keywords: acute pancreatitis, clinical, morbidity, mortality

A Review of the Therapeutic Effect of Musli in (Chlorophytum Borivilianum) Sukra Alpata which Correlates to Oligospermia

Male infertility is one of today's most pressing issues, and the prevalence of this condition is rising owing to a change in lifestyle. Low sperm count denotes a lower-than-normal sperm count in the semen you produce during orgasm. Oligospermia is another name for low sperm counts. A zero sperm count is referred to as azoospermia. Oligozoospermia is a disorder associated with male infertility that is characterized by a low sperm count. Ayurveda, the Indian medical system's science, defined several terminologies linked to male infertility, including Kshina shukra, Alpa Retasa, and Shukra dosha, which are similar to disorders connected with oligozoospermia. Ayurveda also described several medications for treating oligozoospermia. Musli is the most widely used remedy for oligospermia. Musli is one of the well-known medications described in Ayurvedic texts. Musli has exceptional aphrodisiac and revitalizing qualities. It is beneficial to overall health development. In Ayurveda, musli is also known as Talamuli, Suvaha, Talamulika, Deerghakandika, and Talapatri. It is a Rasayana medication that is useful in Ayurvedic Materia Medica for vigor and vitality. Sweta Musli's therapeutic value has long been praised and supported due to its aphrodisiac properties. Samhita Sweta Musli and Krishna Musli are the two main varieties of Musli. It works to treat impotence, and infertility, increase male potency, and has immune-modulating and adaptogenic qualities