A fixed point theorem for contractions in modular metric spaces

The notion of a (metric) modular on an arbitrary set and the corresponding modular space, more general than a metric space, were introduced and studied recently by the author [V. V. Chistyakov, Metric modulars and their application, Dokl. Math. 73(1) (2006) 32-35, and Modular metric spaces, I: Basic concepts, Nonlinear Anal. 72(1) (2010) 1-14]. In this paper we establish a fixed point theorem for contractive maps in modular spaces. It is related to contracting rather ``generalized average velocities'' than metric distances, and the successive approximations of fixed points converge to the fixed points in a weaker sense as compared to the metric convergence.Comment: 31 pages, LaTeX, uses elsarticle.st

Second Harmonic Generation with a Fractional Order of Periodical Poling

We demonstrate second harmonic generation in a diode-pumped periodically-poled lithium niobate crystal with a fractional poling period

Subcarrier Wave Quantum Key Distribution in Telecommunication Network with Bitrate 800 kbit/s

In the course of work on creating the first quantum communication network in Russia we demonstrated quantum key distribution in metropolitan optical network infrastructure. A single-pass subcarrier wave quantum cryptography scheme was used in the experiments. BB84 protocol with strong reference was chosen for performing key distribution. The registered sifted key rate in an optical cable with 1.5 dB loss was 800 Kbit/s. Signal visibility exceeded 98%, and quantum bit error rate value was 1%. The achieved result is a record for this type of systems

Organizational and methodical features of holding the lesson of physical culture with application of the electronic study guide

Computer technologies in the physical culture educational process have to be directed at increase of learning efficiency of school students in sports. Organizational and methodical features of holding the lesson of physical culture are presented in article with application of the electronic study guide. This tutorial is used for the message of the purpose of training, formation of the special knowledge, description of the physical exercises technique (preparatory and special), implementation of the pedagogical control, ensuring the operated independent work. Organizational and methodical factors have been presented as a component of the pedagogical technology. It has been established that application of the computer tutorial optimizes the didactic interaction of the teacher and the pupil on the way to achievement of the educational, training and health-improving tasks.Компьютерные технологии в образовательном процессе по физической культуре должны быть направлены на повышение эффективности обучения школьников виду спорта. В статье представлены организационные и методические особенности проведения урока физической культуры с использованием электронного учебно-методического пособия. Данное средство обучения используется для сообщения цели обучения, формирования специальных знаний, описания техники физических упражнений (общеподготовительных и специальных), осуществления педагогического контроля, обеспечения управляемой самостоятельной работы. Организационные и методические факторы представлены в качестве составной части педагогической технологии. Установлено, что применение компьютерного средства обучения оптимизирует дидактическое взаимодействие педагога и учащегося по пути к достижению образовательных, воспитательных и оздоровительных задач

Organizational and psychology and pedagogical aspects of introduction of computer tutorials in the methodology of teaching to physical culture

Article is devoted to studying of organizational, psychology, and pedagogical aspects of introduction of computer tutorials in practice of teaching to the physical culture. The content of administrative, organizational, methodical, technical, and technological actions for inclusion of electronic educational and methodical grants in the methodology of training of schoolstudents to bases of sports is considered. Indicators of expediency of innovative introduction from positions of administration and pedagogical collective are formulated. It is shown that optimization of the main processes of educational activity is primary: preparation for a lesson, didactic interaction, efficiency control. In a context of the pedagogical expediency, advantages of training are shown to motive actionsby means of the computer programs of educational type. Requirements to abilities of the teacher of physical culture in the field of the information technologies are listed. The authors indicated the need in correction of the pedagogical methods inconnection with application of the computer tutorials. The results of research allowed developing the program of innovative introduction directed on the technological transformations of the lesson of physical culture.Статья посвящена изучению организационных и психолого-педагогических аспектов внедрения компьютерных средств обучения в практику преподавания физической культуры. Рассмотрено содержание управленческих, организационно-методических и технико-технологических мероприятий по включению электронных учебно-методических пособий в методику обучения школьников основам видов спорта. Сформулированы показатели целесообразности инновационного внедрения с позиций администрации и педагогического коллектива. Показано, что первичным является оптимизация основных процессов учебной деятельности: подготовка к уроку, дидактическое взаимодействие, контроль эффективности. В контексте педагогической целесообразности продемонстрированы преимущества обучения двигательным действиям с помощью компьютерного программы учебного назначения. Перечислены требования к умениям учителя физической культуры в области информационных технологий. Указано на необходимость коррекции педагогической техники в связи с применением компьютерных средств обучения. Результаты исследования позволили разработать программу инновационного внедрения, направленную на технологические преобразования урока физической культуры

Практические вопросы доклинического изучения фармакокинетики новых лекарственных средств (обзор)

Some aspects of studying the pharmacokinetics of new pharmacological agents are reviewed with a special emphasis on the experiment design including the study protocol and the choice of doses and routes of drug administration. Statistical evaluation of the number of animals is assessed from the viewpoint of bioethics and regulatory documents. Modern approaches and bioanalytical methods used in pharmacokinetic studies are described.Рассмотрены некоторые вопросы изучения фармакокинетики новых лекарственных средств, в частности, планирование эксперимента, разработка протокола исследования, выбор доз, путей введения. Приведено статистическое обоснование количества используемых животных с точки зрения биоэтики. Процедура исследования фармакокинетики рассмотрена более подробно в соответствии с требованиями отечественных нормативных документов. Описаны современные подходы применения биоаналитических методов при сопровождении фармакокинетических исследований

Practical Issues of Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Investigations of New Drugs (Review)

Several issues with pharmacokinetic studies of new drugs, in particular, experiment planning, development of study protocols, dose selection, and administration routes, are reviewed. The number of used animals is justified statistically with respect to bioethics. The pharmacokinetic study protocol is discussed in more detail according to domestic regulatory requirements. Modern approaches to combining bioanalytical methods with pharmacokinetic studies are described. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Astrocytes synthesize primary and cyclopentenone prostaglandins that are negative regulators of their proliferation

Recently, the modulation of cellular inflammatory responses via endogenous regulators became a major focus of medically relevant investigations. Prostaglandins (PGs) are attractive regulatory molecules, but their synthesis and mechanisms of action in brain cells are still unclear. Astrocytes are involved in manifestation of neuropathology and their proliferation is an important part of astrogliosis, a cellular neuroinflammatory response. The aims of our study were to measure synthesis of PGs by astrocytes, and evaluate their influence on proliferation in combination with addition of inflammatory pathway inhibitors. With UPLC-MS/MS analysis we detected primary PGs (1410 ± 36 pg/mg PGE2, 344 ± 24 PGD2) and cyclopentenone PGs (cyPGs) (87 ± 17 15d-PGJ2, 308 ± 23 PGA2) in the extracellular medium after 24-h lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of astrocytes. PGs reduced astrocytic proliferation with the following order of potencies (measured as inhibition at 20 μM): most potent 15d-PGJ2 (90%) and PGA2 (80%), > PGD2 (40%) > 15d-PGA2 (20%) > PGE2 (5%), the least potent. However, PGF2α and 2-cyclopenten-1-one, and ciglitazone and rosiglitazone (synthetic agonists of PPARγ) had no effect. Combinations of cyPGs with SC-560 or NS-398 (specific anti-inflammatory inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2, respectively) were not effective; while GW9662 (PPARγ antagonist) or MK-741 (inhibitor of multidrug resistance protein-1, MRP1, and CysLT1 receptors) amplified the inhibitory effect of PGA2 and 15d-PGJ2. Although concentrations of individual PGs and cyPGs are low, all of them, as well as primary PGs suppress proliferation. Thus, the effects are potentially additive, and activated PGs synthesis suppresses proliferation in astrocytes. © 2018 Elsevier Inc