The production of sulphites during the fermentation of "Tardana" white wines, and "Tempranillo" rosé and red wines in the D.O. Utiel-Requena

[ES] En el presente trabajo se estudió la producción de sulfitos de diferentes cepas de levaduras comerciales durante la fermentación de vinos blancos, rosados y tintos. Para ello se realizó una experiencia con vinos blancos de la variedad `Tardana¿, y dos con vinos rosados y tintos de la variedad `Tempranillo¿. Se determinó el grado alcohólico, la acidez total, acidez volátil, pH, sulfuroso total, azúcares residuales, ácido málico, ácido láctico, ácido cítrico, y glicerol de los vinos, además de la intensidad colorante, el tono, la concentración de antocianos, y el índice de polifenoles totales en los vinos tintos. Los resultados obtenidos pusieron de manifiesto que la producción de sulfitos no superó valores medios de 1 mg/L, y que los valores de los parámetros analizados se encontraban dentro del rango de valores de los vinos de calidad. La fermentación se realizó con dos tipos de cepas de levaduras diferentes, observándose que la reinoculación a los 3 días del arranque de la fermentación daba origen al mínimo contenido de sulfitos.[EN] In the present work, the production of sulphites from different commercial yeast strains during the fermentation of white, rosé and red wines was studied. For this, an experience was carried out with white wines of the `Tardana¿ variety, and two with rosé and red wines of the `Tempranillo¿ variety. The alcoholic degree, total acidity, volatile acidity, pH, total sulphurous, residual sugars, malic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, and glycerol of the wines were determined, in addition to the colour intensity, the tone, the concentration of anthocyanins, and the total polyphenol index in red wines. The results obtained showed that the production of sulphites did not exceed average values of 1 mg/L, and that the values of the analysed parameters were within the range of values of quality wines. The fermentation was carried out with two different types of yeast strains, observing that the re¿inoculation 3 days after the start of the fermentation gave rise to the minimum content of sulphites.Martínez, J.; Chirivella, C.; Aleixandre-Tudó, JL.; Aleixandre Benavent, JL. (2020). Producción de sulfitos durante la fermentación de vinos blancos de "Tardana" y rosados y tintos de "Tempranillo" en la D.O. Utiel-Requena. Enoviticultura. 64:14-29. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/163588S14296

Ralentización del proceso de maduración en Bobal y Tempranillo mediante deshojado tardío y riego: efectos sobre la composición de la uva y del vino

Los efectos del cambio climático en la vitivinicultura mediterránea están resultando negativos, pues desacoplan la madurez tecnológica de la uva de la fenólica. Tal circunstancia afecta especialmente a variedades tintas, dando lugar a vinos de elevada graduación alcohólica y bajo contenido en compuestos fenólicos, aspectos que se asocian a baja calidad. El objetivo de este ensayo fue ralentizar las dinámicas de maduración de la uvas en las variedades Bobal y Tempranillo mediante la reducción del ratio fuente:sumidero, y así hacerlas coincidir con periodos más frescos. Para este fin, se estudiaron los efectos que las técnicas de riego deficitario frente al secano y del deshojado realizado antes de envero provocaron sobre el rendimiento de las cepas y la composición de la uva, durante dos años. Los resultados de las parcelas experimentales localizadas en Requena (Valencia) ponen en evidencia la gran influencia que el riego tiene sobre el estado hídrico de las cepas. A su vez, la reducción de área foliar tendió a atenuar el estrés hídrico. No obstante, estos incrementos no evitaron ligeras mermas productivas debidas a reducciones del tamaño de baya en algunos tratamientos deshojados. La respuesta al riego de la evolución en la acumulación de azúcares fue opuesta según la variedad. Sin embargo, el 40 % de reducción del área foliar la ralentizó significativamente en ambas variedades, retrasándose la vendimia como mínimo siete días. La concentración de antocianos y el índice de polifenoles totales en los mostos tendieron a reducirse en la variedad Bobal por el efecto del riego, y ligeramente en ambas variedades por los efectos del deshojado, así como en sus vinos. Por tanto, las dos técnicas resultaron eficaces para modular la evolución de la maduración de la uva de estas dos variedades tintas en condiciones semiáridas. Si bien, los resultados del deshojado tardío sobre la composición fenólica no fueron los esperados

Transcriptional Profile Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation and Docetaxel

(1) Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and docetaxel (DX) combination is a standard therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients. (2) Methods: We investigate if tumor transcriptomic analysis predicts mHSPC evolution in a multicenter retrospective biomarker study. A customized panel of 184 genes was tested in mRNA from tumor samples by the nCounter platform in 125 mHSPC patients treated with ADT+DX. Gene expression was correlated with castration-resistant prostate cancer-free survival (CRPC-FS) and overall survival (OS). (3) Results: High expression of androgen receptor (AR) signature was independently associated with longer CRPC-FS (hazard ratio (HR) 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3-0.9; p = 0.015), high expression of estrogen receptor (ESR) signature with longer CRPC-FS (HR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; p = 0.019) and OS (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.9, p = 0.024), and lower expression of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) (RB1, PTEN and TP53) with shorter OS (HR 2, 95% CI 1-3.8; p = 0.044). ARV7 expression was independently associated with shorter CRPC-FS (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1, p = 0.008) and OS (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.6, p = 0.004), high ESR2 was associated with longer OS (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-1, p = 0.048) and low expression of RB1 was independently associated with shorter OS (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.2, p = 0.014). (4) Conclusions: AR, ESR, and TSG expression signatures, as well as ARV7, RB1, and ESR2 expression, have a prognostic value in mHSPC patients treated with ADT+DX

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Cancer Fast-Track Programme

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many aspects of clinical practice in oncology, particularly regarding early cancer diagnosis, sparking public health concerns that possible delays could increase the proportion of patients diagnosed at advanced stages. In 2009, a cancer fast-track program (CFP) was implemented at the Clinico-Malvarrosa Health Department in Valencia, Spain with the aim of shortening waiting times between suspected cancer symptoms, diagnosis and therapy initiation. Objectives: The study aimed to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our cancer diagnosis fast-track program. Methods: The program workflow (patients included and time periods) was analysed from the beginning of the state of alarm on March 16th, 2020 until March 15th, 2021. Data was compared with data from the same period of time from the year before (2019). Results: During the pandemic year, 975 suspected cancer cases were submitted to the CFP. The number of submissions only decreased during times of highest COVID-19 incidence and stricter lockdown, and overall, referrals were slightly higher than in the previous 2 years. Cancer diagnosis was confirmed in 197 (24.1%) cases, among which 33% were urological, 23% breast, 16% gastrointestinal and 9% lung cancer. The median time from referral to specialist appointment was 13 days and diagnosis was reached at a median of 18 days. In confirmed cancer cases, treatment was started at around 30 days from time of diagnosis. In total, 61% of cancer disease was detected at early stage, 20% at locally advanced stage, and 19% at advanced stage, displaying time frames and case proportions similar to pre-pandemic years. Conclusions: Our program has been able to maintain normal flow and efficacy despite the challenges of the current pandemic, and has proven a reliable tool to help primary care physicians referring suspected cancer patients.S

Does chemotherapy-induced neutropaenia result in a postponement of adjuvant or neoadjuvant regimens in breast cancer patients? Results of a retrospective analysis

In 2005, 224 patients received adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in a single institution according to daily practices. Regimens consisted of epirubicin-based chemotherapy (FEC100, four or six cycles), or three cycles of FEC100 followed by three cycles of docetaxel. An absolute blood count was carried out every 3 weeks, 1–3 days before planned chemotherapy cycle. Overall, 1238 cycles were delivered. An absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <1.5 × 109 l−1 before planned chemotherapy was found in 171 cycles. Of these, 130 cycles (76%) were delivered as planned regardless of whether ANC levels recovered, and 41 (24%) were delayed. None of these patients developed a febrile neutropaenia. Haematopoietic support (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)) was required in 12 cycles. We found that the majority of patients with an ANC <1.5 × 109 l−1 before planned chemotherapy received planned doses, without complications and need for G-CSF

Prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia with granulocyte colony-stimulating factors: where are we now?

Updated international guidelines published in 2006 have broadened the scope for the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in supporting delivery of myelosuppressive chemotherapy. G-CSF prophylaxis is now recommended when the overall risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) due to regimen and individual patient factors is ≥20%, for supporting dose-dense and dose-intense chemotherapy and to help maintain dose density where dose reductions have been shown to compromise outcomes. Indeed, there is now a large body of evidence for the efficacy of G-CSFs in supporting dose-dense chemotherapy. Predictive tools that can help target those patients who are most at risk of FN are now becoming available. Recent analyses have shown that, by reducing the risk of FN and chemotherapy dose delays and reductions, G-CSF prophylaxis can potentially enhance survival benefits in patients receiving chemotherapy in curative settings. Accumulating data from ‘real-world’ clinical practice settings indicate that patients often receive abbreviated courses of daily G-CSF and consequently obtain a reduced level of FN protection. A single dose of PEGylated G-CSF (pegfilgrastim) may provide a more effective, as well as a more convenient, alternative to daily G-CSF. Prospective studies are needed to validate the importance of delivering the full dose intensity of standard chemotherapy regimens, with G-CSF support where appropriate, across a range of settings. These studies should also incorporate prospective evaluation of risk stratification for neutropenia and its complications