Uneasy Intimacies: Race, Family, and Property in Santiago de Cuba, 1803-1868.

The Cuban War of Independence from Spain (1868-1898) redefined the meaning of social equality in what had been one of the wealthiest slave societies of the Western Hemisphere. In the eastern province of Santiago, the insurgency depended on a large cohort of Afro-descendant soldiers who, along with white allies, rallied around a leadership largely comprised of men of color. These forces invoked an idea of unified nationhood that was stronger than color-based solidarities. This dissertation examines Santiago in the six decades prior to the rebellion, using legal, economic, and demographic sources to understand the milieu from which the Afro-descendants who joined the insurgency emerged. It argues that the insurgents’ wartime vision of social identities that could transcend race actually developed out of Santiago’s earlier competing ideologies of status. During the first half of the nineteenth century, in Santiago, color status was far from fixed. Largely outside sugar’s dominion, this area was situated at the intersection of Atlantic and local currents of commerce and culture. French-Haitian, Spanish, and West African ideas about status inflected local contests over color-based identities. The rise of a coffee plantation economy and its subsequent demise allowed families of varying degrees of African ancestry to shift in and out of different color statuses. Bureaucrats, political elites, slaves, free people of color, and slave owners competed over the meaning of status through property, kinship, and documentary practices. Their antagonisms gave rise to an unstable hierarchy situated at the interstices of vernacular and official repertoires. Individuals sought to modify their status or lose associations with color terms altogether by creating expansive networks of dependents and patrons, by owning slaves, and by asserting multi-generational distance from slavery. Perhaps most remarkably, by the middle of the nineteenth century, local notaries increasingly recorded persons without mentioning color. This thesis argues that the networks of social dependency through which actors destabilized color-based identities became avenues for cross-racial mobilization during the independence movement. Moreover, the newly emergent social identities that did not openly reference race laid the background for the insurgents’ vision of a raceless Cuba.PhDAnthropology and HistoryUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/120651/1/achira_1.pd

Giant gastric polyp mimicking a duodenal tumor

Inflammatory fibroid polyps are very rare gastrointestinal tumors. We present the case of a 66-year-old woman with severe anemia and a giant gastric polyp which had intermittent duodenal intussusception. Ultrasonography showed increased gastric wall thickness and suspected an ampulloma, as revealed also by endoscopy and computed tomography. Ultrasonography reassessment showed later the intragastric mass, which was confirmed by endosonography: giant pediculated hypervascular polyp suggesting malignancy. Challenging phenomena at different investigation methods were due to intermittent protrusion into the first duodenal segment mimicking an ampulloma, but without gastric outlet syndrome or a malignant component, despite the severe anemia. Abnormal US aspect of the stomach in clinical context of anemic syndrome, requires EUS with biopsies in order to confirm underlying lesions. The particularities of this case are the: discordance between imaging aspects and the protrusion into the first duodenal segments with consecutive cholestasis mimicking an ampulloma and the lack of gastric outlet syndrome

American College of Rheumatology Provisional Criteria for Clinically Relevant Improvement in Children and Adolescents With Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

10.1002/acr.23834ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH715579-59

Ampliando los significados de Sevicia: Los reclamos de protección corporal de los esclavos en Santiago de Cuba (1810-1870)

Drawing on judicial cases from Santiago de Cuba, this paper explores how enslaved people have sought to expand the meaning of sevicia throughout the nineteenth century, a process that entailed passing moral judgment on enslavers and their actions, and through it, even on the institution of slavery itself. Historically, enslavers had justified violence as a necessary instrument for controlling enslaved people, but by the nineteenth century enslaved people took them to courts for it in growing numbers. Some such claims went quite far, claiming manumission for a low cost on account of the enslaved petitioner’s old age and infirmity. The years spent working for the owner and the infirmities incurred throughout were supposed to serve as a form of credit—a humble, yet, nevertheless, real claim to some reparation for enslavement. Enslaved people’s claims to sevicia culminated, on occasion, in additional legislated protections, the most notable of which were embedded in the gradual laws of emancipation of 1870.A través de varios casos judiciales de Santiago de Cuba, exploramos el modo en que los esclavizados trataron de ampliar el significado de la categoría legal “sevicia”. Notamos que ese proceso socio-legal y semántico implico juzgar moralmente a los esclavizadores y sus acciones y, a través de ello, incluso a la propia institución de la esclavitud. Históricamente, los esclavistas habían justificado la violencia como un instrumento necesario para controlar a los esclavos, pero en el siglo XIX un número cada vez mayor de personas esclavizadas los llevaron a los tribunales por ello. Algunas de estas demandas iban bastante lejos, reclamando la manumisión por un bajo costo debido a la vejez y enfermedad del peticionario esclavizado. Se suponía que los años de trabajo para el propietario y las dolencias sufridas a lo largo de los mismos servían como una forma de crédito, una reclamación humilde, pero real, de cierta reparación por la esclavitud. Las denuncias de los esclavos a la sevicia culminaron, en ocasiones, en protecciones legislativas adicionales, las más notables de las cuales se incluyeron en las leyes graduales de emancipación de 1870.

Expanding the Meanings of Sevicia: Enslaved People’s Claims to Bodily Protection in Santiago de Cuba (1810-1870)

A través de varios casos judiciales de Santiago de Cuba, exploramos el modo en que los esclavizados trataron de ampliar el significado de la categoría legal “sevicia”. Notamos que ese proceso socio-legal y semántico implico juzgar moralmente a los esclavizadores y sus acciones y, a través de ello, incluso a la propia institución de la esclavitud. Históricamente, los esclavistas habían justificado la violencia como un instrumento necesario para controlar a los esclavos, pero en el siglo XIX un número cada vez mayor de personas esclavizadas los llevaron a los tribunales por ello. Algunas de estas demandas iban bastante lejos, reclamando la manumisión por un bajo costo debido a la vejez y enfermedad del peticionario esclavizado. Se suponía que los años de trabajo para el propietario y las dolencias sufridas a lo largo de los mismos servían como una forma de crédito, una reclamación humilde, pero real, de cierta reparación por la esclavitud. Las denuncias de los esclavos a la sevicia culminaron, en ocasiones, en protecciones legislativas adicionales, las más notables de las cuales se incluyeron en las leyes graduales de emancipación de 1870.Drawing on judicial cases from Santiago de Cuba, this paper explores how enslaved people have sought to expand the meaning of sevicia throughout the nineteenth century, a process that entailed passing moral judgment on enslavers and their actions, and through it, even on the institution of slavery itself. Historically, enslavers had justified violence as a necessary instrument for controlling enslaved people, but by the nineteenth century enslaved people took them to courts for it in growing numbers. Some such claims went quite far, claiming manumission for a low cost on account of the enslaved petitioner’s old age and infirmity. The years spent working for the owner and the infirmities incurred throughout were supposed to serve as a form of credit—a humble, yet, nevertheless, real claim to some reparation for enslavement. Enslaved people’s claims to sevicia culminated, on occasion, in additional legislated protections, the most notable of which were embedded in the gradual laws of emancipation of 1870.EJEMPLO: Fil: Lavintman, Jazmín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina.Fil: Chira, Adriana. Emory University; Estados Unidos

Slavery & Antislavery in Spain’s Atlantic Empire. Edited by Josep M. Fradera and Christopher Schmidt‐Nowara. (New York, NY: Berghahn Books, 2013. Pp. xi, 328. $120.00.)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134136/1/hisn12258.pd

Conceiving Freedom: Women of Color, Gender, and the Abolition of Slavery in Havana and Rio de Janeiro ‐ by Cowling, Camilla

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117558/1/blar12436.pd