Prevalência dos marcadores das hepatites B e C em adolescentes de Itajaí-SC

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências de Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em FarmáciaAs infecções pelo HBV e pelo HCV são dois preocupantes problemas de saúde pública, que infectam o fígado causando necrose e inflamação do tecido hepático. Quando a infecção persiste, favorecem a progressão para cirrose e carcinoma hepatocelular. No Brasil, a prevalência do HBV em geral é moderada (2% a 7%), com baixa taxa de infecção no Sul, média taxa de infecção no Nordeste e Sudeste, e uma alta prevalência na região da Amazônia, no Espírito Santo e no oeste de Santa Catarina. Atualmente, poucos dados são disponíveis da prevalência e dos fatores de risco ao HBV e do HCV no Brasil, principalmente em indivíduos vacinados contra a hepatite B. Além disso, o conhecimento da prevalência desses vírus é crucial a fim de antecipar impactos futuros nos sistemas de saúde e permitir um adequado gerenciamento dos recursos financeiros. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a prevalência dos marcadores da hepatite B (HBsAg, anti-HBc e anti-HBs) e da hepatite C (anti-HCV) em estudantes voluntários com idade entre 10 a 15 anos. Participaram do estudo um total de 410 estudantes e foi verificado o documento de vacinação de 353. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas e as concentrações do HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs e anti-HCV foram determinadas. Os 4 marcadores foram analisados através da metodologia de imunoensaio enzimático de micropartículas (MEIA-Abbott AxSym System Laboratories). Os resultados mostram que a prevalência do HBsAg foi 0.5% (2/410), e a prevalência do anti-HBc foi 1% (4/410). A prevalência total do anti-HBs foi 81,22% (333/410), sendo que em 36,10% (148/410) dos adolescentes as concentrações de anti-HBs foram < 10 UI/L e em 45,12%(185/410) foram = 10 UI/L. A prevalência do anti-HBs em estudantes que receberam 3 ou 4 doses da vacina foi 94,48% (325/344), atingindo a cobertura vacinal proposta pelo Ministério da Saúde. Nenhuma prevalência do anti-HCV foi observada. Os resultados do estudo mostram que na população de 10 a 15 anos de idade residentes no município de Itajaí, Santa Catarina, a prevalências dos marcadores HBsAg, anti-HBc e anti-HCV é baixa. Além disso, a elevada cobertura vacinal e a prevalência do marcador anti-HBs demonstram o êxito do programa de vacinação instituído em 1993, que deve ser mantido e ampliado, mas, também, que outras formas de prevenção devem ser desenvolvidas a fim de prevenir a transmissão do HBV e do HCV. Infection by HBV and HCV is a worldwide public health problem, which infect and result in necrosis and inflammation in the liver. When the infection persists, contribute to progression liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In Brazil, prevalence of HBV is moderate (2% to 7%), with low infection rate in Southern, middle rate in Northeast and Southeast, and high prevalence in the Amazon region, in the Espírito Santo, and in west of Santa Catarina. Little data are available on the seroprevalence and of risk factors for HBV and HCV infections in Brazil, mainly who had received hepatitis B vaccine. Knowing the prevalence of HBV and HCV in the general population is crucial for anticipating their future impact on the health system and for ensuring an adequate allocation of financial resources. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV (HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs) and HCV (anti-HCV) markers in voluntary students to aged 10 to 15 years. A total of 410 students participated in the study and 353 students vaccination document was check. Blood samples were collected and were tested four serological markers through Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA-Abbott AxSym System Laboratories). The results show that the overall HBsAg prevalence was 0.5% (2/410) and anti-HBc prevalence was 1% (4/410). The overall prevalence of anti-HBs was 81,22% (333/410), 36,10% (148/410) adolescent had anti-HBs concentrations < 10 IU/L and 45,12%(185/410) had anti-HBs concentrations = 10 IU/L. The prevalence of anti-HBs in vaccinated student that received 3 or 4 doses series was 94,48% (325/344) achieving the vaccination coverage goal of Health Department. None anti-HCV prevalence was observed. The results from study indicate that the prevalence of HBV and HCV markers was low in voluntary adolescents from Itajaí, Santa Catarina, aged from 10 to 15 years old. Moreover, the high vaccination coverage and prevalence of anti-HBs markers show the success of the vaccination program against hepatitis B initialized in 1993, that need to be maintained and expanded, but also that other prevention forms should be developed to prevent the HBV and HCV transmission

Quality of life and functionality instrumental in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome: a case-control

Objetivo: avaliar a relacao entre qualidade de vida e funcionalidade do idoso com sindrome metabolica, independente da presenca de sintomas depressivos. Metodologia: delineamento transversal de caso-controle com 49 pacientes (25 casos e 24 controles) com idade &#8805; 65 anos. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada atraves do WHOQOL-BREF e do WHOQOL-OLD e a funcionalidade atraves do Questionario de Funcionalidade Instrumental (QAF).. As medidas de tendencia central da qualidade de vida e da funcionalidade instrumental foram distribuidas de acordo com as variaveis socio-demograficas e clinicas, utilizando teste T para amostras independentes ou ANOVA (medidas parametricas), ou teste de Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon (medidas nao-parametricas). A relacao entre os dominios da qualidade de vida em funcao do prejuizo da funcionalidade instrumental do idoso foi analisada por meio de estudos de associacao e de regressao linear, controlada para a presenca de sintomas depressivos. Utilizou-se o nivel de significancia de p < 0,05. Resultados: 91,8% eram mulheres, 79,2% estavam preservados funcionalmente e 75,5% nao apresentavam sintomas depressivos. A idade media foi de 73,9 anos. Perfil metabolico: 83,7% tinham hipertensao (media da pressao sistolica: 136 mmHg; diastolica: 77,3 mmHg); 77,6% eram obesos (media da circunferencia abdominal: 98,6 cm); 59,2% possuiam diabetes (glicemia de jejum media: 99,6 mg/dl); 27,1% tinham HDL-colesterol alterado (media HDL: 58,5 mg/d)l; e, 22,9% apresentavam hipertrigliceridemia (media triglicerides: 115,8 mg/dl). A qualidade de vida no dominio funcionamento do sensorio foi maior (p=0,01) para os idosos com sindrome metabolica. Quanto maior o escore do dominio fisico, menor foi o prejuizo funcional (r= -0,32; p=0,02). Os idosos que apresentavam prejuizo na funcionalidade instrumental tiveram um escore maior (p=0,05) no dominio morte e morrer. A funcionalidade instrumental, controlada para grupo de pesquisa e sintomas depressivos, se manteve como um fator preditor da qualidade de vida no dominio morte e morrer (&#946;=0,316; p= 0,03). CONCLUSAO: Apenas a preocupacao com a finitude esteve alterada na presenca de prejuizo funcional do idoso com sindrome metabolica, mostrando que quanto maior o prejuizo funcional, menor a preocupacao com a mortalidade. A avaliacao desta interacao entre funcionalidade e qualidade de vida pode ajudar no entendimento desta questaoBV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

Anti-HBs levels among children and adolescents with complete immunization schedule against hepatitis B virus. A cross-sectional study in Blumenau, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2007-2008

INTRODUCTION: Vaccination is the main tool for preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection; however, following the completion of the vaccination series, the concentrations of anti-HBs can decline over the years and reach levels less than 10mIU/mL. The persistence of protection in these individuals is still unknown. The present study aimed to determine the anti-HBs antibody levels among children and adolescents who had received a complete vaccination course for hepatitis B. METHODS: Antibodies against HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) were tested in 371 individuals aged 10 to 15 years-old. RESULTS: Volunteers who showed undetectable quantities of anti-HBs accounted for 10.2% of the population studied and 39.9% presented antibody titers of less than 10mIU/mL. Anti-HBs > 10mIU/mL were verified in 49.9%. CONCLUSIONS: These results corroborate other studies indicating levels of anti-HBs below 10mIU/mL in vaccinated individuals. Additional studies are required to assess whether this indicates susceptibility to HBV infection and the need and age for booster doses

Anti-HBs levels among children and adolescents with complete immunization schedule against hepatitis B virus. A cross-sectional study in Blumenau, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2007-2008

INTRODUCTION: Vaccination is the main tool for preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection; however, following the completion of the vaccination series, the concentrations of anti-HBs can decline over the years and reach levels less than 10mIU/mL. The persistence of protection in these individuals is still unknown. The present study aimed to determine the anti-HBs antibody levels among children and adolescents who had received a complete vaccination course for hepatitis B. METHODS: Antibodies against HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) were tested in 371 individuals aged 10 to 15 years-old. RESULTS: Volunteers who showed undetectable quantities of anti-HBs accounted for 10.2&#37; of the population studied and 39.9&#37; presented antibody titers of less than 10mIU/mL. Anti-HBs &#8805; 10mIU/mL were verified in 49.9&#37;. CONCLUSIONS: These results corroborate other studies indicating levels of anti-HBs below 10mIU/mL in vaccinated individuals. Additional studies are required to assess whether this indicates susceptibility to HBV infection and the need and age for booster doses

Anti-HBs levels among children and adolescents with complete immunization schedule against hepatitis B virus. A cross-sectional study in Blumenau, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2007-2008 Níveis de anti-HBs entre crianças e adolescentes com o esquema completo de imunização contra o vírus da hepatite B. Um estudo transversal em Blumenau, Estado de Santa Catarina, 2007-2008

INTRODUCTION: Vaccination is the main tool for preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection; however, following the completion of the vaccination series, the concentrations of anti-HBs can decline over the years and reach levels less than 10mIU/mL. The persistence of protection in these individuals is still unknown. The present study aimed to determine the anti-HBs antibody levels among children and adolescents who had received a complete vaccination course for hepatitis B. METHODS: Antibodies against HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) were tested in 371 individuals aged 10 to 15 years-old. RESULTS: Volunteers who showed undetectable quantities of anti-HBs accounted for 10.2% of the population studied and 39.9% presented antibody titers of less than 10mIU/mL. Anti-HBs > 10mIU/mL were verified in 49.9%. CONCLUSIONS: These results corroborate other studies indicating levels of anti-HBs below 10mIU/mL in vaccinated individuals. Additional studies are required to assess whether this indicates susceptibility to HBV infection and the need and age for booster doses.<br>INTRODUÇÃO: A vacinação é o principal instrumento para prevenir a infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B. Todavia, após a conclusão da série de vacinação, as concentrações de anti-HBs podem diminuir ao longo dos anos e atingir níveis inferiores a 10mUI/mL. A persistência da proteção nestes indivíduos ainda é desconhecida. O presente estudo objetivou determinar os níveis do anticorpo anti-HBs em crianças e adolescentes que receberam o esquema completo de vacinação para a hepatite B. MÉTODOS: O anticorpo para o antígeno de superfície do vírus da hepatite B (anti-HBs) foi testado em 371 indivíduos com idade entre 10-15 anos. RESULTADOS: Os voluntários que apresentaram quantidades indetectáveis de anti-HBs corresponderam a 10,2% da população estudada, e 39,9% apresentaram títulos do anticorpo inferiores a 10mUI/mL. Anti-HBs > 10mUI/mL foi verificado em 49,9%. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados corroboram com outros estudos que indicam níveis de anti-HBs inferiores a 10mUI/mL em indivíduos vacinados. Estudos adicionais são necessários para avaliar se isso indica suscetibilidade à infecção pelo HBV e necessidade e idade para a dose reforço

Functional magnetic resonance imaging response as an early biomarker of cognitive decline in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome

Objectives: We assessed whether potential changes in brain activation patterns of elderly individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) who were cognitively healthy (without mild cognitive impairment or dementia) were associated with cognitive decline in executive function in the short-term. Method: We analyzed 43 individuals (23 MetS, 20 controls) using a global geriatric evaluation, a neuropsychological battery, and task-related (attention) fMRI exam. Correlation analysis between the fMRI signal at baseline and cognitive impairment after 1 year was based on the voxel-based Pearson coefficient, corrected for multiple comparisons. Results: At baseline, MetS patients showed reduced brain response in frontal and parietal regions compared to controls. After one year, the MetS group also showed a decline in verbal fluency performance. fMRI response in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral parietal lobes was negatively correlated with verbal fluency decline in the MetS group. Discussion: Our results provide an early biomarker of the possible development of cognitive impairment, particularly in the executive function, of elderly individuals suffering from MetS. These findings also point to an up or down regulation which could be interpreted as compensatory mechanism for possible brain tissue burden caused by MetS.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Ministry of Health which, via Technical Area of Health of Aged (PROADI)Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein under Support Program for Institutional Development of Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Psychiat, Rua Borges Lagoa 570, BR-04038030 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Rua Borges Lagoa 570, BR-04038030 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Ave Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Rua Madre Cabrini 462, BR-04020001 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Sao Paulo Julio de Mesquita Filho, Fac Med Botucatu, Dept Internal Med, Rua Borges Lagoa 570, BR-04038030 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Geriatr, Rua Francisco de Castro 105, BR-04020050 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Psychiat, Rua Borges Lagoa 570, BR-04038030 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Geriatr, Rua Francisco de Castro 105, BR-04020050 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilCAPES: 2009/12271-3Web of Scienc

Cognitive assessment in an elderly population with metabolic syndrome in Brazil

ABSTRACT Chronic degenerative conditions are very common in the elderly. According to medical literature, there is a correlation between cognitive impairment among elders and arterial hypertension/hyperglycemia which in turn are common diseases among the elderly population worldwide. Nonetheless, data on the association between cognitive impairment and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. Objective: To compare the cognitive status of Brazilian elderly outpatients with and without MetS. Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study with 49 subjects (25 MetS and 24 controls) who underwent a global geriatric and neuropsychological assessment was carried out. The scores for cognitive abilities (sustained attention, alternating attention, immediate memory, working memory, memory - immediate recall, memory - delayed recall, memory - recognition, executive function, ideomotor praxis, constructive praxis, naming ability, verbal fluency) were compared with the data for the normal population and differences between case and control groups were analyzed using Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Forty-five patients (91.8%) were female, with a mean age of 73.9±5.9 years, and 3.0±1.0 years of schooling. A significant difference (p<0.01) was found between case and control groups regarding the MetS components. For cognitive abilities, no statistically significant difference was detected between the groups and all subjects presented low cognitive scores. Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study showed that MetS was not associated with cognitive impairment in this population. Further prospective studies are necessary to investigate the influence of well-controlled MetS on cognitive performance among elders