The Examination of Upper Limb Ambidexterity in Wrestling Snap Down Technique

The purpose of this study was to bilaterally examine the kinematic motions of the upper extremity in the snap down technique. Six male collegiate wrestlers were recruited and performed a total of ten snaps, five from each side. A standard two-dimensional kinematic analysis was conducted in the upper extremity. The results showed no significant difference between right and left side in the angular displacement, velocity and acceleration. These findings indicated that upper limb ambidexterity was achieved by these college wrestlers in the study. From further video analysis, the study found some wrestlers appeared to use their shoulder and elbow as prime executors of the technique while other wrestlers utilized their hips. Upon this discovery, future studies are warranted to investigate the kinematics of lower extremity motion in the snap down technique

Distinct ligand binding sites in integrin alpha3beta1 regulate matrix adhesion and cell-cell contact.

The integrin alpha3beta1 mediates cellular adhesion to the matrix ligand laminin-5. A second integrin ligand, the urokinase receptor (uPAR), associates with alpha3beta1 via a surface loop within the alpha3 beta-propeller (residues 242-246) but outside the laminin binding region, suggesting that uPAR-integrin interactions could signal differently from matrix engagement. To explore this, alpha3-/- epithelial cells were reconstituted with wild-type (wt) alpha3 or alpha3 with Ala mutations within the uPAR-interacting loop (H245A or R244A). Wt or mutant-bearing cells showed comparable expression and adhesion to laminin-5. Cells expressing wt alpha3 and uPAR dissociated in culture, with increased Src activity, up-regulation of SLUG, and down-regulation of E-cadherin and gamma-catenin. Src kinase inhibition or expression of Src 1-251 restored the epithelial phenotype. The H245A and R244A mutants were unaffected by coexpression of uPAR. We conclude that alpha3beta1 regulates both cell-cell contact and matrix adhesion, but through distinct protein interaction sites within its beta-propeller. These studies reveal an integrin- and Src-dependent pathway for SLUG expression and mesenchymal transition

Invadopodia: Proteolytic feet of cancer cells

The leading cause of death in cancer patients is metastasis. Invasion is an integral part of metastasis and is carried out by proteolytic structures called invadopodia at the cellular level. In this introductory review, we start by evaluating the definition of invadopodia. While presenting the upstream signaling events involved, we integrate current models on invadopodia. In addition, we discuss the significance of invadopodia in 2D and 3D and in vivo. We finally point out technical challenges and conclude with open questions in the field. © TÜBİTAK.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (111T547

The Examination of Slo-pitch Hitting Movement Coordination

This study developed an interdisciplinary approach by utilizing the principles of ecological task analysis and movement coordination from areas of motor leaning and biomechanics to examine the skill of slo-pitch softball hitting. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a task constraint, stride technique, and an environmental constraint, pitched ball location, on the participants’ movement patterns. Ten elite male softball players participated in the study and a two-way ANOVA of 2 locations of pitch (inside and outside) x 3 strides (open, parallel and closed) repeated measure study was conducted. The results showed that participants demonstrated different joint movements and different coordination patterns in slo-pitch hitting. Hence, this study supports the rationale of ecological task analysis. Further, a Euclidean distance analysis was conducted to evaluate the degree of dissimilarity between the individual and group mean results in attempt to better understand the generalizability. The results indicated that participants generally showed a low degree of dissimilarity; hence, coaches and educators may apply the findings to other players. A similar interdisciplinary approach is warranted for future research studies on other sport skills or health conditions in order to better understand the mechanics of human motion

THE EFFECTS OF MIDSOLE CONSTRUCTION ON BOWLING DELIVERY

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of midsole construction on the mechanics of bowling delivery. Twelve participants performed five candle bowling ball deliveries in three footwear conditions (barefoot, traditional and modified with E-TPU). Both kinematic and kinetic analyses were conducted. The results of the barefoot condition showed hip, knee and ankle joints at 92.3 ± 9.9°, 133.0 ± 14.5°, and 111.6 ± 11.2°, respectively, which were not significantly different from the modified condition of 93.9 ± 9.9° (p =.289) 132.1 ± 14.5° (p =.758), and 117.7 ± 9.4° (p =.123). Also, no significant difference was found in peak vertical force to body weight ratio. These findings provide a preliminary understanding on the effects of footwear on bowling delivery. Future studies are warranted to evaluate 3D motion analysis with experienced bowlers at the bowling alley

Prevalence and characteristics of student attitude surveys used in public elementary schools in the United States

There is anecdotal evidence of an increase in school administrator\u27s use of surveys of students to obtain school climate information even though it is difficult to obtain valid measurement from student self-report. To better understand the context, this research estimated the prevalence of the use of student surveys in elementary schools and reviewed the types of questions and response options currently used in applied settings. A survey was administered to a nationally representative sample of 300 public elementary school principals (34% response rate). Approximately half of the schools use surveys of students in their schools, with rates of surveying depending on the grade. A qualitative review of example surveys suggests that many typically-used questions may be problematic, given research on best methods of attitude measurement. Suggestions for practice and future research directions are provided. Accessed 11,640 times on https://pareonline.net from May 18, 2010 to December 31, 2019. For downloads from January 1, 2020 forward, please click on the PlumX Metrics link to the right

KINETIC ANALYSES OF E-TPU MATERIAL IN BOWLING FOOTWEAR

The purpose of this study was to examine the vertical ground reaction force between the traditional bowling shoes made of rubber midsole and the modified bowling shoes made of E-TPU midsole. All shoes underwent both static and dynamic performance testing on a force platform. The preliminary results indicated that the bowling footwear with the E-TPU material provided lower amount of vertical ground reaction force in both static and dynamic testing, which may potentially be beneficial to bowlers to minimize lower extremity injury. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the internal joint forces of bowling delivery mechanics with the E-TPU material footwear

Kinematic Comparisons between Forward and Backward Skating in Ice Hockey

The purpose of this study was to examine the kinematics of lower body and trunk between forward and backward skating. Seven male collegiate ice hockey players skated both forward and backward (C-cut) four times each. A standard two-dimensional kinematic analysis was conducted to examine the lower body extremity and trunk at the instants of weight acceptance and propulsion. No significant differences in the joint angles were found at the weight acceptance. At the propulsion, significant differences were found in the joint angles of hip, knee, ankle and trunk between forward and backward skating. Hence, these findings indicate the importance of strengthening lower body joints and trunk, particularly for forward skating. Future studies are warranted to examine the mechanics of forward and backward skating using a 3D analysis