Review of Potato Agronomic Research in Central highlands of Ethiopia: Achievements and Future Prospects

The suboptimal agronomic techniques practiced by potato growers in Ethiopia are undoubtedly one of the contributing factors to the existing low average national yield. Agronomic studies have been undertaken by different research centers and higher learning institutions to develop a package of optimum Agronomic management practices, together with improved potato varieties. Agronomic research at Holetta, Adet and Bako Agricultural Research Centers and various universities were carried out for more than two decades with the objectives to alleviate production constraints of potato in different parts of the country for various agro-ecologies for smallholder farmers and thereby increase the production and productivity of potato. Thus, experiments were carried out on agronomic research such as planting dates, planting depth and method of planting, inter and intra row spacing, planting depth and intra row spacing, seed tuber size & plant population density and number of hilling during the growing period. These experiments were carried out at different agro-ecological zones, via mid altitude and high altitude areas of the country. Moreover, fertilizer rate and time of applications, nitrogen fertilizer and planting density, and integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers application to see their effect on potato yield and quality for seed and ware potatoes productions comprise the major component of the agronomic/physiology research. In addition, agronomic practices such as intercropping, dates of dehaulming and vermicompost were carried out. Therefore, to boost the production and productivity of potato for food security and income generation in the country the appropriate use of recommended agronomic practices should be crucial. Keywords: Potato, Agronomy, Nitrogen & Phosphorus, INM, Vermicompost, Ethiopi

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA PERAWAT RUMAH SAKIT JIWA TAMPANPEKANBARU

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara parsial dan simultan pengaruh kompetensi dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja Perawat RSJ Tampan Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi dan kuisioner yang diberikan kepada 125 orang reponden. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 125 orang dengan menggunakan metode Random sampling dan analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja perawat dan dan variabel budaya organisasi secara parsial juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja perawat. Untuk uji secara simultan variabel kompetensi dan budaya organisasi berpengaruh secara signifikan sebesar 108.5%

Participatory Research for Integrated Nutrient Management (INM): The Case of Potato Production in Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Background and Objective: Integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers can improve soil fertility and potato productivity. The study was initiated in the central highlands of Ethiopia to determine the influence of INM on potato tuber yield through FRG and FFS extension approach. Materials and Methods: Integrated Nutrient Management of potato was evaluated through both Farmers Field School and Farmers Research Group participatory research methods in Jeldu, Dendi, Welmera, and Alemaya districts during 2004-2006 to investigate the influence of inorganic fertilizer, compost and their mixture application on yield, yield components of potato. The treatments included three improved potato varieties, nationally recommended fertilizer rate of (165 kg/ha Urea and 195 kg/ha DAP) and recommended compost at a rate of 10 t/ha. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results: At all locations, regardless of potato varieties, application of inorganic fertilizer gave significantly highest yield followed by the mixture of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Application of inorganic fertilizer gave 6% over the control while inorganic fertilizer application gave 45% yield advantage over the control. The mixture of organic and inorganic fertilizer gave 20% less tuber yield as compared to inorganic applied treatment but gave 19% and 25.3% more yields over the organic and the control, respectively. Inorganic fertilizer gave 37% more tuber yields over the organic treatment and 16% more yield over the mixed fertilizer treatment. However, the mixture of organic and inorganic fertilizers gave 18.1% over the organic fertilizer applied treatment. Potato variety Degemegn gave the highest tuber yields in both seasons 2005 and 2006 as compared to variety Jalenie and Menagesha. In general, application of inorganic fertilizers leads to higher tuber yields in all locations and in all varieties except the yield obtained at Jeldu site on 2005. Conclusions: Regarding the treatments, inorganic fertilizer was the top yielder in most of the locations and varieties and mixed fertilization was the second followed by organic composting. Hence resource poor farmers could adopt the mixed approach which is less expensive. Therefore, use of compost as fertilizers will have positive effects beyond the potato season due to its slow releasing of nutrients and will reduce the cost of production giving comparable yields with the one acquired using inorganic fertilizers. Keywords: Integrated Nutrient Management, Farmer Research Group, Farmer Field School, Soil fertility, Potat

Integrated Late Blight Management for Potato: The Case of FFS and FRG in Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Potato is the fastest growing staple food crop and source of cash income for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Potato production was almost impossible during the rainy season in the central high lands of Ethiopia due to potato late blight diseases. Recently, the introduction of late blight tolerant varieties changed the trend and farmers were able to overcome their food insecurity problem during the long rainy season. A participatory potato technology development and dissemination process was undertaken in the central highlands of Ethiopia in four districts of Oromia regional states using Integrated Disease Management /IDM/ for Potato late blight disease. A total of thirteen FFSs and thirty six FRGs were organized to conduct the activity. Thus, participatory research methods of through farmer’s field school (FFSs) and farmers research group (FRGs) were organized to evaluate and promote the technologies. The number of participant farmers in each FFS and FRG included an average of 25 and 15, respectively. The experiment was laid in split plot design putting fungicide spray as main plot and potato clones as sub-plot. To see the difference in their reaction to late blight disease a fungicide (Ridoml MZ 62.3% WP) was sprayed twice at a rate of 2 kg/ha. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there was a highly significant difference (P<0.001) on yielding ability among the clones evaluated. Thus, mean separation test was carried out using least significance difference (LSD) test procedure. The highest yield was obtained from the clone CIP-392650.516 which was significantly different from all the varieties tested. Clones, Kp–90134.2 and CIP–386423.13 gave a non-significant yield difference. Unpaired t-test revealed that there was a significant difference between the two participatory research approaches, FFS and FRG, in respect to total yield. A higher yield advantage was obtained by using FFS approach when compared to FRG approach. On the other hand, when comparing the yield values obtained in sprayed and unsprayed plots separately, the clone CIP-392650.516 in sprayed condition gave the highest significant yield (P<0.05) under sprayed and unsprayed conditions. In general, the FFS approach helped the farmers' to acquire more knowledge and equipped them with technical know-how on the proper management of the potato fields which was reflected by the superior yield of the varieties. Keywords: Farmer field school, Farmer research group, Potato IDM, Late blight, AUDPC and Participatory researc

Makna Pantun pada Upacara Adat Perkawinan Masyarakat Melayu di Desa Sorek 2 Kecamatan Pangkalan Kuras Kabupaten Pelalawan

Pantun is an orderly and structured bound language that can provide direction, guidance, direction, and guidance. The language used in rhymes can also be studied in terms of meaning, one of which is denotative and connotative meaning. The problem studied in this study is what is the meaning of the rhyme at the traditional marriage ceremony of the Malay community in Sorek 2 Village, Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency? This study aims to describe, analyze, and interpret the denotative and connotative meanings of the rhyme at the traditional Malay marriage ceremony in Sorek 2 Village, Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency. The theory used in this study is the theory of Chaer (2009) and (2012). The method used in this research is descriptive method. Data collection techniques used in this study are documentation techniques and interview techniques. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that 1) From 200 lines of rhymes in 50 rhymes that the author describes, there are 179 data on denotative meanings in marriage rhymes in Sorek 2 Village, Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency, and 2) From 200 lines of rhymes in 50 stanzas In the rhyme that the author describes, there are 21 connotative meaning data in marriage rhymes in Sorek 2 Village, Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency

Effect of Fertilizer Sources on Potato Yield and Yield Components under Acidic Soil Condition in Central High Lands of Ethiopia

Agronomic practices like fertilizer application and low soil pH which associated with soil infertility problems are considered to be among the major challenges to potato production in the highlands of Ethiopia. In response to this, an experiment was conducted  to compare effect of different sources of fertilizes on potato yield and yield components from 2015-2016 main cropping season(June–August) in four districts of west and south west part of Ethiopia comprising two potato varieties  Belete and Gudenie as main plot and five fertilizer source treatments as sub plot. These fertilizer source treatments were control, recommended Urea (165 kg/ha) and DAP (195 kg/ha), recommended Urea (165 kg/ha) and DAP (195 kg/ha) plus 225 kg/ha potassium sulfate (K2SO4), recommended Urea (165 kg/ha) and DAP (195 kg/ha) plus 225 kg/ha potassium chloride (KCl)  and 242 kg/ha blended mineral fertilizer NPSB with N=18.9%, P=37.7%, S=6.95%, B=0.1% content plus 141 kg/ha urea under both limed and unlimmed soil conditions. The design was split plot with three replications. The data were analyzed using SAS soft ware versions 9.2.  The experiment results showed that interaction of location and fertilizer types was highly significant in affecting total tuber   and marketable tuber weight in t/ha. The Blended NPSB fertilizer was found superior in Welmera and Gumer location producing maximum total tuber yield of 33.21t/ha and 22.93t/ha respectively, under unlimmed soil condition while recommended urea and DAP provided maximum total tuber yield 31.38t/ha and 24.06t/ha under limed soil condition, respectively. In Jeldu growing location, the recommended urea and DAP plus KCl was produced maximum total tuber yield (19.13 t/ha under Unlimmed; and 23.9 t/ha total tuber yield under limed soil condition). In wenchi, the recommended urea and DAP was produced maximum 25.66 and 30.99 t/ha total tuber yield under both un-limed and limed soil condition, respectively. Interaction of growing year and location was highly significant in influencing average tuber number (total tuber number/plant) and average tuber weight (total tuber weight/tuber number).  Interaction of location and growing year was highly significant in influencing dry matter under un-limed and limed soil condition. From these results, it can be concluded that the growing location and fertilizer sources had significantly affected the yield and yield component of potato both under limed and unlimmed soil conditions. Keywords: Potato, Potassium Fertilizer, Acid Soils, Lime Application DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/9-23-02 Publication date: December 31st 201

IMPLEMENTASI TEKNOLOGI TEXT TO SPEECH BAHASA BANJAR MENGGUNAKAN METODE VITS

Indonesia merupakan negara multi-kultural yang memiliki beragam bahasa daerah yang mencerminkan budaya, identitas bangsa, nilai dan aset yang sangat berharga. Bahasa Banjar merupakan salah satu bahasa daerah yang banyak digunakan oleh suku Banjar di daerah Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Timur, Kalimantan Tengah, Jambi, Kepulauan Riau dan Riau. Bahasa Banjar ini dapat dilestarikan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi Text-to-Speech (TTS). Teknologi TTS ini dapat membantu masyarakat Banjar yang memiliki kesulitan membaca seperti tuna netra atau disleksia. Pengimplementasian TTS ini menggunakan metode Variational Inference with adversarial learning for end-to-end Text-to-Speech (VITS) yang mengadopsi Variational Autoencoder (VAE). VITS adalah model sintesis suara end-to-end yang memprediksi gelombang suara berdasarkan urutan teks masukan. VITS merupakan metode yang dapat menghasilkan kualitas suara yang lebih baik dan natural dibandingkan metode lainnya. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan 250 data latih dan 50 data uji yang berasal dari pengumpulan data, perekaman dan cleaning data secara manual. Data yang sudah di cleaning dilakukan proses training dengan menggunakan metode VITS sehingga didapat model terbaiknya. Model tersebut di aplikasikan untuk data uji dan dilakukan pengujian kualitas suara dengan Mean Opinion Score (MOS). Hasil dari penelitian ini mendapatkan nilai MOS sebesar 3.604 yang menandakan bahwa pengguna menganggap kualitas ucapan sudah baik. Kata kunci : Bahasa Banjar, Mean Opinion Score, Text-to-Speech, VITS

Profile The Mother Who Was Preeclampsia During Child Birth

Preeklampsia merupakan masalah kesehatan yang memerlukan perhatian khusus karena preeklampsia adalah penyebab kematian ibu hamil dan perinatal yang tinggi terutama di negara berkembang. Sampai saat ini preeklampsia masih merupakan ”the disease of theories”, karena angka kejadian preeklampsia tetap tinggi dan mengakibatkan angka morbiditas dan mortilitas maternal yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi profil ibu yang mengalami preeklamsia di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Salatiga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan penelusuran dokumen (data sekunder) berupa data rekam medis di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Salatiga dengan instrumen lembar check list. Hasil pengumpulan data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat yang digunakan untuk menganalisis tiap variabel hasil penelitian dan dipresentasikan dalam bentuk table. Hasil penelitian menunjukan karakteristik ibu yang mengalami preeklamsia adalah Ibu yang memiliki usia produktif, pendidikan menengah, ibu yang bekerja sebagai pegawai swasta, bersuku jawa, berstatus menikah, memiliki paritas 2-4, kehamilan normal dengan jarak kehamilan 2-4 tahun serta mengalami preeklamsia berat dan mempunyai penyakit hipertensi tingkat 2. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah profil ibu yang mengalami preeklamsia tidak semuanya berada dalam faktor resiko yang ada pada penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya namun juga berada pada rentang yang tidak beresiko.Preeclampsia is a health problem that requires special attention because preeclampsia is a cause of high maternal and perinatal mortality, especially in developing countries. Until now, preeclampsia is still "the disease of theory", because the incidence of preeclampsia remains high and results in high maternal morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to identify the profile of mothers who experienced preeclampsia at the Salatiga Regional General Hospital. This research uses quantitative methods with a retrospective approach. The data collection technique uses document tracing (secondary data) in the form of medical record data at the Salatiga Regional General Hospital using a check list sheet as an instrument. The results of data collection were then analyzed using univariate analysis which was used to analyze each research result variable and presented in table form. The results of the study show that the characteristics of mothers who experience preeclampsia are mothers who are of productive age, have secondary education, mothers who work as private employees, are of Javanese ethnicity, are married, have parity 2-4, have normal pregnancies with a pregnancy interval of 2-4 years and experience severe preeclampsia. and have grade 2 hypertension. The conclusion of this study is that the profile of mothers who experience preeclampsia is not all within the risk factors found in previous studies but is also in the range that is not at risk