Working Until Dropping: Employment Behavior of the Elderly in Rural China

In rural areas of many developing countries, including China, people do not have the chance to retire, but rather have to continue working as they age. In this paper, we have two specific objectives. First, we will illustrate the work and retirement patterns of the elderly, and develop a profile of the characteristics of the elderly that work and those that do not. We will describe the work contours both in the formal and informal sectors. Second, we will examine the determinants of work and retirement and attempt to surmise from these the strategies that the elderly use to support themselves when they are old. One finding of interest is that we find evidence of behavior among the elderly that in many cases they are willing to sacrifice their own current consumption and asset accumulation to help make their children more productive so the children will be able to better care for their parents when they are older.China, elderly, employment, retirement

Working Until Dropping: Employment Behavior of the Elderly in Rural China

In rural areas of many developing countries, including China, people do not have the chance to retire, but rather have to continue working as they age. In this paper, we have two specific objectives. First, we will illustrate the work and retirement patterns of the elderly, and develop a profile of the characteristics of the elderly that work and those that do not. We will describe the work contours both in the formal and informal sectors. Second, we will examine the determinants of work and retirement and attempt to surmise from these the strategies that the elderly use to support themselves when they are old. One finding of interest is that we find evidence of behavior among the elderly that in many cases they are willing to sacrifice their own current consumption and asset accumulation to help make their children more productive so the children will be able to better care for their parents when they are older.China, elderly, employment, retirement

Goods Shipped to John Kean From China, November 7, 1795

Peter McCall in Canton, China, wrote to John Kean, unaddressed. This invoice contains a list of goods purchased in China. People Included: Richard Dale, Susan Kean.https://digitalcommons.kean.edu/lhc_1790s/1287/thumbnail.jp

Study on the Maintenance and Management of Landscaping Plants

With the urbanization of China, people are paying more and more attention to the beauty of their cities. Therefore, landscaping construction has become an important part of the city construction. And it also plays an active role in protecting our environment relying on its role in beautifying the environment. To strengthen the city construction, it is necessary to pay attention to landscaping construction, and relevant departments shall take effective management measures to promote the maintenance and management of landscaping plants to ensure the effective construction of gardens

Emerging nations embrace internet, mobile technology

Description: In a remarkably short period of time, internet and mobile technology have become a part of everyday life for some in the emerging and developing world. Cell phones, in particular, are almost omnipresent in many nations. The internet has also made tremendous inroads, although most people in the 24 nations surveyed are still offline. Meanwhile, smartphones are still relatively rare, although significant minorities own these devices in countries such as Lebanon, Chile, Jordan and China. People around the world are using their cell phones for a variety of purposes, especially for texting and taking pictures, while smaller numbers also use their phones to get political, consumer and health information. Mobile technology is also changing economic life in parts of Africa, where many are using cell phones to make or receive payments.While the internet still has a limited reach in the emerging and developing world, once people do gain access to the internet, they quickly begin to integrate it into their lives. A significant number of people in these nations say they use the internet on a daily basis, including roughly half of those polled in Lebanon, Russia and Argentina. At least 20% use the internet daily in 15 of the 24 nations surveyed. In 21 of 24 nations, a majority of internet users also participate in sites like Facebook and Twitter. People are using social networking sites to stay in touch with family and friends and to share their views on an array of topics, including popular culture, religion and politics. These are among the main findings of a Pew Research Center survey conducted among 24,263 people in 24 emerging and developing economies from March 2, 2013 to May 1, 2013. All interviews were conducted face-to-face

THE TRANSITIVITY OF COVID-19 HOAX DISCOURSE IN INDONESIAN MEDIA

In this study, the author analyzed the transitivity process of the Covid-19 hoax discourse in the Menkominfo's hoax report released on May 2, 2020. The theory used was the transitivity system proposed by Halliday (2014). The data is the hoax of Covid-19 that attacks various parties, such as: China, people of Chinese descent, the Indonesia, people in Indonesian government positions, attacking products and businesses, attacking community and religious organizations, and attacking other nations and individuals. The results of research on the Covid-19 hoax data that attack various parties include the use of verbal and nominal groups that have negative connotations. There are three types of Transitivity processes from the 15 data analyzed, namely: 7 material processes, 5 relational processes, and 3 verbal processes

A Perspective on Organic Agriculture in China - Opportunities and Challenges

With the rapid development of international production and trade in organic food, organic agriculture is also boosting in China. The milestone of Chinese organic agri-culture was set in 1990 with the first export of a certified organic product (tea) from Lin’an county of Zhejiang Province, China, which marked the launch of organic pro-duction in China. By the end of 2005, there had been about 4.384 million ha organic land, including 1.694 million ha organic, 0.61 million ha conversion as well as 2.08 million ha collection area, about half of which is certified area. About 4.93 million tons organic products and nearly 1600 projects had been certified with 300~400 varieties. According to the above data, now China ranks the 3rd largest country of organic production in the world. In China, organic development mostly is export oriented, the export products include beans, rice, tea, mushroom, vegetable, processed oil and herbs, etc. According to the certifying body COFCC of Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), the value of exported organic products increased from 0.3 million USD in 1995 to 0.35 billion USD at the end of the year 2004. Chinese domestic organic market started from 2000. Presently, most of the products sold in domestic markets are certified by COFCC and OFDC in some largest cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Nanjing and Shenzhen, etc. The price of the organic products is often up to 3 times the price of conventional products. Average organic food consumption accounts for 0.08% of the conventional food (LI 2006)

China: development, change and engagement

This Editorial introduces the Local Economy special issue on China, guest edited by David Webster.It gives the background to the main themes considered in the special issue: China's rapid urbanization and associated problems of rural to urban migration; issues involved in planning the country's infrastructure; problems of urban regeneration and renewal; adjustment to marketization in industry and housing; and the question how economic development specialists in the UK can relate to China