医療専門職養成課程と青年の学びの構造 : 正統的周辺参加とアイデンティティの形成に着目して

関西大

Recognition of Authenticity that Motivates Learning .-Basic Structure of Learning as Participation-

Learning could be defined as the activities of participation to the community that the learner recognizes Legitimacy or Authenticity of the community.Based on the LPP(Legitimate Peripheral Participation) theory,five factors that constitute Authenticity had been brought to light; Feeling of social contribution, Affirmative feeling, Altrustic feeling,feeling of Self enhancement, and Feeling of Stability. Those factors could be reconfirmed in the study of qualitative analysis on the practice of university seminar

Temporal increase in muscle cross-sectional area as an acute effect of resistance exercise in resistance-trained and untrained individuals

The purpose of this study was to compare the temporal increase in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) as the acute response of resistance exercise (RE) between resistance-trained and untrained groups, and investigate the factors that affect the muscle CSA. Resistance-trained (n = 14) and untrained (n = 14) subjects performed four kinds of triceps brachii RE. Muscle CSA and intracellular hydration (IH), were measured prior to and 5-, 30-, and 60-minute after RE. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to clarify the relationships among percent increases in muscle CSA and IH, area under the Oyx-Hb curve, blood lactate concentration, and % maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)-root-mean-square (RMS) of electromyogram (EMG). At 5-minute after RE, muscle CSA increased significantly to 120.2 ± 6.3% in the resistance-trained group and 105.5 ± 2.3% in the untrained group (p < 0.01). However, neither group showed a significant difference between the values before and 30-minute after RE. In the resistance-trained group, there was a significant increase in IH at 5-minute post-RH (p < 0.01), and correlations were found between percent increases in muscle CSA and IH (r = 0.70, p < 0.01), area under the Oxy-Hb curve (r = 0.77, p < 0.01), and % MVC-RMS of EMG (r = 0.72, p < 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that measurements of muscle CSA in studies of muscle hypertrophy should be performed 30-minute or more after the last resistance exercise session, and muscle pump exercises should be conducted just before participation in bodybuilding, and physique contests

Solitary Peutz-Jeghers type hamartomatous polyps in the duodenum are not always associated with a low risk of cancer: two case reports

INTRODUCTION: A hamartomatous polyp without associated mucocutaneous pigmentation or a family history of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome is diagnosed as a solitary Peutz-Jeghers type hamartomatous polyp. As compared with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers type hamartomatous polyps are diagnosed with a lower risk of cancer and are regarded as a different disorder. CASE PRESENTATION: In case one, we describe an 84-year-old Japanese man with a 14 mm duodenal polyp. Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed and histological examination showed findings suggestive of a hamartomatous polyp with a focus of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. In case two, we describe a 76-year-old Japanese man who had been treated for prostate, rectal and lung cancer. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a duodenal polyp measuring 15 mm in diameter. Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed, and histological examination showed findings suggestive of a hamartomatous polyp. Liver and thyroid cancers were found after the endoscopic treatment. CONCLUSION: Although duodenal solitary hamartomatous polyps are associated with a lower risk of cancer, four patients, including our cases, have been diagnosed with cancerous polyps. Patients with duodenal solitary hamartomatous polyps should be treated by endoscopic or surgical resection and need whole-body screening

The Effect of Ocular Surface Regularity on Contrast Sensitivity and Straylight in Dry Eye

Purpose: To investigate the association between visual function and ocular surface regularity in dry eye.Methods: We enrolled 52 eyes of 52 dry eye patients (34 dry eyes with superficial punctate keratopathy [SPK] in the central corneal region [central SPK] and 18 dry eyes without central SPK) and 20 eyes of 20 normal control subjects. All eyes had a best-corrected distance visual acuity better than 20/20. We measured two indices of contrast sensitivity function under photopic conditions: contrast sensitivity and letter contrast sensitivity. The area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) was calculated from the obtained contrast sensitivity data. Straylight was quantified using a straylight meter.Results: Dry eyes with central SPK had significantly decreased contrast sensitivity function, including AULCSF and letter contrast sensitivity than those without central SPK and normal eyes (P < 0.05 for each). While the straylight values in both dry eye groups did not differ, straylight values were greater than those in normal eyes (P < 0.05 for both). In dry eye, the AULCSF and letter contrast sensitivity negatively correlated with the central SPK score (R = −0.485, P < 0.001, and R = −0.541, P < 0.001, respectively).Conclusions: In dry eye, reduced contrast sensitivity in part results from central SPK overlying the optical zone and the increased straylight results from tear film instability rather than central SPK