Pharmacological and phytochemical studies of ayuvedic plants for anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activity

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ReGAE 5: Can we improve the surgical journey for African-Caribbean patients undergoing glaucoma filtration surgery? Some preliminary findings

Vinette Cross, Peter Shah, Martin Glynn, Shivani ChidrawarCentre for Health and Social Care Improvement, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United KingdomAim: To explore the experiences of African-Caribbean patients who had undergone filtration surgery for advanced glaucoma.Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were used to collect the data and an interview guide was developed. Participants recounted when they first became aware of a problem with their eyes and their feelings at the time. Subsequently they were probed about their subjective experiences of becoming a glaucoma patient, receiving treatment, the decision to undergo surgery, and its aftermath. The perceptions of three participants from three different generations of African-Caribbean men were selected from the larger study for presentation in this paper. Interview transcripts were subjected to narrative analysis.Results: The concept of patient-partnership was re-framed in terms of mentorship. Surgeon–patient relationships are central to developing effective coping strategies. Support to face the ordeals ahead, challenge to take on new responsibilities, and help to envision a meaningful life with glaucoma are fundamental to fostering trust and maintaining motivation to continue.Conclusions: The use of patient narratives provides a valuable a resource for enhancing communication skills and patient-centered care in the hospital eye service.Keywords: glaucoma, secondary eye-care, African-Caribbean, filtration surgery, trabeculectom

Prediction of Conflicts in Transportation Services using Real-Time Data

Smart-cities are intended to provide the comfort and satisfaction of the citizens belonging to it. There has been so many advances in the Smart-cities but still some con?icts a?ect the smart-ness of the smart- city. The problem of traffic jams in Public Transportation Services like Bus, Trains, Tubes(Metros) due to various unpredictable Realtime con?icts resulting the overall satisfaction of the user. Also, the three parallel services being independent to one another have no communication because of their distinct nature. To overcome such con?icts this paper detects and defines the key issues in smart- city public transport systems. In fact the paper is focussing on the con?icts that arise among the public transport services with three distinct providers. To monitor these services working in smart-cities, a Watch-dog architecture has been used. The Watch-dog Architecture works on detection the con?icts and returns it to the admin user to take proper decision. The Realtime data aggregated from all the three services is integrated and processed to re?ect the Runtime con?icts arising in the public transport services. This Watchdog Architecture re?ects the result in percentage by focussing on a area where all the three services integrate to result a con?ict

Ageing is associated with a decline in peripheral blood CD56(bright )NK cells

BACKGROUND: Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that lack CD3 and express variable levels of CD16, CD56 and CD57. In recent years NK cells have been categorised into two major groups based on the level of CD56 expression. This phenotypic classification correlates with functional activity as CD56(bright )NK cells are the major cytokine producing subset whereas CD56(dim )NK cells exhibit greater cytotoxic activity. Previous studies have revealed a reduction in total NK cell numbers in association with ageing and this study sought to determine the potential influence of ageing on the number of NK cell subsets within peripheral blood. RESULTS: The number of NK (CD56(+)CD3(-)) cells within peripheral blood did not change with increasing age. The number of CD56(dim )NK cells also remained stable with ageing. In contrast the absolute number of CD56(bright )NK cells within peripheral blood declined by 48% with ageing from a mean of 15.6/μl in individuals aged 20–40 years to 8.1/μl in those aged 60+ years (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSION: The number of CD56(bright )NK cells within peripheral blood declines with age. As this population plays a central role in cytokine secretion during the innate immune response this decline may contribute to impaired immune regulation in elderly individual

Hepatoprotective Effect of Captopril on Liver Toxicity Induced by High and Low Dose of Paracetamol in Rats:Histological Study

Many patients may administered medications like captopril (ACE inhibitor) for treatment of chronic diseases and may also take Paracetamol as an Over The Counter (OTC) drug which may interact with captopril. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate of the hepatoprotective effect of captopril on liver toxicity induced by low and high dose of paracetamol in rats. This study was conducted in two phases: first study for low dose of paracetamol (300 mg/kg); animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each (n = 6); all groups were treated orally either 0.9 % Normal Saline (NS), captopril 20 mg/kg, paracetamol 300 mg/kg or captopril 20 mg/kg plus paracetamol 300 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days. Second study for single high dose of paracetamol (3000 mg/kg); animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each (n = 6); all groups were pretreated orally either 0.9 % Normal Saline (NS) or captopril 20 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days followed by single oral administration of Paracetamol 3000 mg/kg or normal saline. The administration of Paracetamol or normal saline was performed 24 hours after the last administration of captopril. After 48 hours of hepatic injury induction, the animals were then sacrificed and the liver was removed for histopathological studies. Low dose (300 mg/kg) for 10 days and high single dose (3000 mg/kg) of paracetamol produced hepatotoxic effects. While captopril 20 mg/kg showed marked protection against changes induced by low and high dose of paracetamol on the liver

Research Paper Solvent free and High yielding Synthesis of new ethyl 2-(ethoxyphosphono)-2-(2- chloroquinolin-3-yl)-1-cyanoethanoates from ethyl 3-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-2- cyanoacrylate

Abstract: Solvent free, and high yielding synthesis of new ethyl 2-(ethoxyphosphono)-2-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-1-cyanoethanoates from ethyl 3-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-2-cyanoacrylate, obtained from 2-chloroquinolin-3-carbaldehydes by using triethylphosphite in the presence of TMSCl at room temperature

Facile green synthesis and characterization of Terminalia arjuna bark phenolic–selenium nanogel: a biocompatible and green nano-biomaterial for multifaceted biological applications

Biogenic nanoparticle production is in demand as it is secure, has great promise, and is environmental friendly. This study aimed at green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of Terminalia arjuna selenium nanoparticles (TA-SeNPs) for their antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer activities, and their incorporation in gel for biomedical applications. The bio-reduction attributes of the T. arjuna (TA) bark extract were utilized to fabricate selenium nanoparticles. The TA bark extract is abundant in phenolics (193.63 ± 1.61 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), flavonoids (88.23 ± 0.39 mg quercetin equivalents/g), and tannins (109.46 ± 1.16 mg catechin equivalents/g), which perform as effective capping and stabilizing agents, thus enabling the fabrication of stable SeNPs. The fabrication of TA-SeNPs was corroborated by UV–visible spectra, which exhibited surface plasmon resonance at 291 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated nano-sized spherical TA-SeNPs with an average diameter ranging from 100 to 150 nm. Zeta potential analysis revealed that TA-SeNPs were negatively charged (−26.1 mV). X-ray diffraction presented amorphous TA-SeNPs with a quantification of 82.36 ± 10.2 μg/mL resulting from ICP-AES. The IC50 45.18 ± 0.11 μg/mL for the DPPH assay and 66.51% reducing power capacity values indicated that the TA-SeNPs possessed excellent radical scavenging efficacy. Moreover, the TA-SeNPs exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against potential pathogens. Additionally, the TA-SeNPs exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, with an IC50 of 23.41 μg/mL. Furthermore, the TA-SeNP-incorporated gel showed excellent spreadability, extrudability, and consistency with retention of antimicrobial properties and hydrophilic contact angle. As an outcome, TA-SeNPs offer the possibility of the formulation and growth of sustainably designed green SeNPs that can be produced, conserved, and marketed securely across the globe

Cytomegalovirus infection does not impact on survival or time to first treatment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widely prevalent herpes virus which establishes a state of chronic infection. The establishment of CMV‐specific immunity controls viral reactivation and leads to the accumulation of very large numbers of virus‐specific T cells which come to dominate the immune repertoire. There is concern that this may reduce the immune response to heterologous infections and HCMV infection has been associated with reduced survival in elderly people. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) suffer from a state of immune suppression but have a paradoxical increase in the magnitude of the CMV‐specific T cell and humoral immune response. As such, there is now considerable interest in how CMV infection impacts on the clinical outcome of patients with B‐CLL. Utilizing a large prospective cohort of patients with B‐CLL (n = 347) we evaluated the relationship between HCMV seropositivity and patient outcome. HCMV seropositive patients had significantly worse overall survival than HCMV negative patients in univariate analysis (HR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.34–3.88; P = 0.002). However, CMV seropositive patients were 4 years older than seronegative donors and this survival difference was lost in multivariate modeling adjusted for age and other validated prognostic markers (P = 0.34). No significant difference was found in multivariate modeling between HCMV positive and negative patients in relation to the time to first treatment (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.68–1.84; P = 0.65). These findings in a second independent cohort of 236 B‐CLL patients were validated. In conclusion no evidence that HCMV impacts on the clinical outcome of patients with B‐CLL was found. Am. J. Hematol. 91:776–781, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Effects of Cynodon dactylon on Stress-Induced Infertility in Male Rats

Cynodon dactylon (Family: Poaceae) is known to be a tackler in Indian mythology and is offered to Lord Ganesha. It is found everywhere, even on waste land, road side, dry places, and spreads vigorously on cultivated ground. This study was carried out with an objective to test if the constituents of this plant are useful in coping stress-induced sexual In this study, we considered immobilization stress to induce male infertility and the effect of C. dactylon in restoration of the dysfunction was evaluated by considering sexual behavioral observations, sexual performance, fructose content of the seminal vesicles, epididymal sperm concentration and histopathological examinations as parameters. Treatment of rats under stress with methanolic extract of C. dactylon has shown a promising effect in overcoming stress-induced sexual dysfunction, sexual performance, fructose content, sperm concentration and its effect on accessory sexual organs and body weight. We conclude that active constituents of C. dactylon present in methanolic extract have a potent aphrodisiac and male fertility activity