Cross-Sectional Study of Leptospira spp. and Brucela abortus in Goat Herds from Paraná State, Brazil

Background: Leptospirosis and brucellosis are zoonosis worldwide distributed that have great economic importance, especially in goats. This study aimed to carry out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. and anti-Brucella abortus antibodies and to determine epidemiological variables associated to infection by these ethiological agents in goats.Materials, Methods & Results: Serum samples were collected from 1055 goats of 95 properties distributed in 18 regional centers of Paraná State from April to August of 2010. Collected samples were submitted to microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies with 22 reference serovars: Australis, Bratislava, Autumnalis, Butembo, Castellonis, Bataviae, Canicola, Fortbragg, Whitcombi, Cynopteri, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Panama, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Hardjo, Wolffi, Shermani, Tarassovi and Londrina 1 (L1). The samples were also submitted to buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPA) and 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME) to detect anti-Brucella abortus antibodies. The results obtained from epidemiological and serological study were analysed by Epi Info 3.5.3. We observed 9.9% (104/1055) of goats reagents in at least one serovar of Leptospira spp. and no reagent animal to Brucella abortus. The variables that were statistically significant with leptospirosis were: production type meat, sewer destination in dry sump, frequent abortion, shared use of pastures, slaughter of animals on the property, the presence of pigs and wild animals such as deer and capybaras on the property.Discussion: This was the first study about antibodies prevalence against Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus in goat herds from Paraná State. The presence of both animal species were statiscally associated to risk of leptospirosis. It is necessary avoid the acess of these animals in herds, decreasing the dissemination of the agent. The production type meat is a form of creation in which the animals have no care of zookeepers and continuous veterinary care. The final destination of sewage was statistically associated to risk of leptospirosis in goats and this is a big problem in rural properties, requiring greater attention of authorities for proper disposal of this wastewater, reducing water and food contamination. Among the variables related to management, the herds that used rented pasture or shared pastures also were statistically associated to risk of leptospirosis in goats; with the sharing of pastures a greater flow of animals transiting in the pickets occurs, allowing not only flocks of goats, but other species also, to use the same pastures and become more exposed to certain diseases. The slaughter of pigs, sheep, cattle and goats on the property is a problem for animal and human health due to lack of sanitary inspection. Abortion is one of the main clinical signs of leptospirosis in farm animals, particularly goats. The knowledge of these results will be useful to develop control programs for the disease in Paraná State herds.  The absence of circulating anti-Brucella abortus antibodies in goat herds has also been reported in other Brazilian States

Acompanhamento sorológico e molecular do sorovar hardjo no diagnóstico de leptospirose em um rebanho bovino leiteiro

The cattle are considered hosts of the Hardjo serovar, causing economic damages due to the reproductive failures like abortions and infertility. The serovar Hardjo usually remains in the reproductive tract and also in the renal tubules where it is eliminated intermittently in the urine for months. Placental remnants, the aborted fetus and contaminated urine promote the permanence of this bacterium within the herd for years. Thus, the objective of this study was to monitor for prolonged period, cows naturally infected with Leptospira ssp. through microbiological culture, serological examination and DNA detection of the pathogen in the urine. The dairy herd was composed of 50 breeding cows with a history of abortion and infertility, without leptospirosis vaccine and located in the northern region of Paraná. Blood and urine samples were collected and laboratorial diagnosis were performed five times at intervals of four months. Blood samples were collected from the all 50 animals and the serum was submitted to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of anti-leptospira antibodies. Of the total cows, 20 showed antibody titres ? 1: 100 in MAT and urine samples were collected from only those animals with higher titers to perform nested-PCR (n-PCR) and bacterial isolation per culture. In addition, two urine samples from five animals with antibody titers < 1: 100 were collected in MAT for n-PCR. Serovar Hardjo was considered the most frequent during the serological monitoring of the animals evaluated. The n-PCR technique was able to detect leptospiral DNA in the urine of animals with MAT ? 1: 100 antibody titers and urine from animals whose titers were < 1: 100. Sequencing of the leptospiral amplicons shared 100% nucleotide sequence identity with the Leptospira interrogans species. Positive n-PCR results from animals with titers of < 1: 100 suggest that the cut-off of MAT is could be not sufficient to detect renal carriers, so it is also important to use n-PCR as an additional diagnostic tool for identify infected animals with Hardjo serovar and whose serology was negative.Os bovinos são considerados hospedeiros do sorovar Hardjo, causando prejuízos econômicos devido aos problemas reprodutivos como abortos e infertilidade. O sorovar Hardjo costuma permanecer no trato reprodutivo e também nos túbulos renais onde é eliminado de forma intermitente na urina por meses. Restos placentários, o feto abortado e a urina contaminada favorecem a permanência dessa bactéria dentro do rebanho por anos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi monitorar por período prolongado, vacas naturalmente infectadas por Leptospira ssp. através de cultura microbiológica, exame sorológico e detecção de DNA do patógeno na urina. O rebanho leiteiro estudado era constituído por 50 vacas reprodutoras com histórico de abortos e infertilidade, sem uso de vacina contra a leptospirose e localizada na região Norte do Paraná. As amostras de sangue e urina foram coletadas e submetidas a análises laboratoriais em cinco vezes em intervalos espaçados de quatro meses. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas dos 50 animais e o soro foi submetido ao teste de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) para detecção de anticorpos anti-leptospira. Do total vacas, 20 demonstraram títulos de anticorpos ? 1: 100 na SAM e foram coletadas amostras de urina apenas destes animais com maiores título para realizar a nested-PCR (n-PCR) e isolamento bacteriano por cultura. Adicionalmente, foram coletadas duas amostras de urina de cinco animais com títulos de anticorpos < 1: 100 na SAM para n-PCR. O Sorovar Hardjo foi considerado como sendo o mais frequente durante o monitoramento sorológico dos animais avaliados. A técnica de n-PCR foi capaz de detectar DNA leptospiral na urina de animais com títulos de anticorpos ? 1: 100 e na urina de animais cujos títulos eram < 1:100. O sequenciamento dos amplicons leptospíricos compartilhou 100% de identidade da sequência de nucleotídeos com a espécie Leptospira interrogans. Os resultados positivos da n-PCR dos animais com títulos < 1: 100 sugerem que a diminuição do ponto de corte da SAM pode não ser suficiente para detectar os portadores renais, por isso também é importante usar a n-PCR como uma ferramenta diagnóstica adicional para identificar os animais infectados com serovar Hardjo e cuja sorologia foi negativa

Komagataeibacter intermedius V-05, bakterija octenog vrenja izolirana tijekom industrijske proizvodnje octa, s velikom sposobnošću proizvodnje bakterijske celuloze u podlozi od sojine melase

Research background. Despite the great properties of bacterial cellulose, its manufacture is still limited due to difficulties in large-scale production. These problems are mainly related to low production yields and high overall costs of the conventional culture media normally used. To surpass these problems, it is necessary to identify new cheap and sustainable carbon sources. Thus, this work aims to isolate and select a high cellulose-producing Komagataeibacter strain from vinegar industry, and study its potential for bacterial cellulose synthesis in an industrial soybean co-product, known as soybean molasses, used as fermentation medium. Experimental approach. One isolated strain was able to produce high amount of cellulose in the standard Hestrin-Schramm medium, so we tested its ability to produce this biopolymer in a soybean molasses medium. The characteristics and properties of the produced bacterial cellulose membranes were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, water-holding capacity and rehydration ratio. Genetic analysis of the selected strain served to determine its genus and species. Results and conclusions. An isolated strain that produced the highest amount of cellulose in Hestrin-Schramm medium (3.7 g/L) was genetically identified as Komagataeibacter intermedius V-05. This strain produced 10.0 g/L of cellulose in soybean molasses medium. Membranes from both substrates had similar chemical structure, crystallinity and thermal degradation. Soybean molasses proved to be a suitable alternative medium for biosynthesis of cellulose in comparison with the standard medium. In addition to providing higher production yield, the membranes showed great structural characteristics, similar to those obtained from standard medium. Novelty and scientific contribution. In this research, we have isolated and identified a Komagataeibacter strain which exhibits a high capacity for cellulose production in soybean molasses. The isolation and selection of strains with high capacity for microbial metabolite production is important for decreasing bioprocess costs. Furthermore, as there is a necessity today to find cheaper carbon sources to obtain microbial products at a lower cost, soybean molasses represents an interesting alternative medium to produce bacterial cellulose for its industrial application.Pozadina istraživanja. Usprkos izvrsnim svojstvima bakterijske celuloze, njezina je proizvodnja još uvijek ograničena zbog poteškoća u provođenju proizvodnje na veliko, uglavnom zbog niskog prinosa i visokih troškova uzgoja u uobičajeno korištenim podlogama. Da bi se ti problemi zaobišli, potrebno je pronaći nove jeftine i održive izvore ugljika. Stoga je svrha ovoga rada bila tijekom postupka proizvodnje octa izolirati i odabrati soj bakterije Komagataeibacter koji može proizvesti velike količine celuloze, te ispitati njegovu sposobnost sinteze bakterijske celuloze u podlozi od sojine melase, jednom od nusproizvoda industrijskog uzgoja soje. Eksperimentalni pristup. Jedan je od izoliranih sojeva proizveo veliku količinu celuloze u standardnoj Hestrin-Schramm podlozi, pa smo ispitali može li proizvesti taj biopolimer i u podlozi od sojine melase. Glavne značajke i svojstva dobivene bakterijske celuloze ispitane su termogravimetrijskom analizom, rentgenskom difrakcijom, infracrvenom spektroskopijom, te mjerenjem sposobnosti vezanja vode i stupnja rehidracije. Genetičkom su analizom određeni rod i vrsta izoliranog soja bakterije. Rezultati i zaključci. Soj bakterije koji je proizveo najviše celuloze u Hestrin-Schramm podlozi (3,7 g/L) genetičkom je analizom identificiran kao Komagataeibacter intermedius V-05. U podlozi sa sojinom melasom taj je soj proizveo 10,0 g/L celuloze. Celulozne membrane dobivene uzgojem bakterije u obje podloge imale su sličnu kemijsku strukturu, podjednako svojstvo kristaliničnosti i sličnu toplinsku stabilnost. Sojina melasa pokazala se kao dobra alternativna standardnoj podlozi za biosintezu celuloze. Osim što je pomoću nje dobiven veći prinos celuloze, struktura dobivenih membrana bila je izuzetno dobra, slična membranama dobivenim uzgojem u standardnoj podlozi. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. U ovom smo radu izolirali i identificirali soj bakterije Komagataeibacter koji može uspješno proizvesti celulozu u podlozi od sojine melase. Izolacija i odabir sojeva koji mogu proizvesti velike količine mikrobnih metabolita vrlo su važni za smanjenje troškova bioprocesa. Uz to, budući da je u današnje vrijeme neophodno pronaći ekonomičnije izvore ugljika za jeftiniju proizvodnju mikrobnih proizvoda, sojina melasa predstavlja zanimljivu alternativu uobičajenoj podlozi za industrijsku proizvodnju bakterijske celuloze

Cross-Sectional Study of Leptospira spp. and Brucela abortus in Goat Herds from Paraná State, Brazil

Background: Leptospirosis and brucellosis are zoonosis worldwide distributed that have great economic importance, especially in goats. This study aimed to carry out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. and anti-Brucella abortus antibodies and to determine epidemiological variables associated to infection by these ethiological agents in goats.Materials, Methods &amp; Results: Serum samples were collected from 1055 goats of 95 properties distributed in 18 regional centers of Paraná State from April to August of 2010. Collected samples were submitted to microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies with 22 reference serovars: Australis, Bratislava, Autumnalis, Butembo, Castellonis, Bataviae, Canicola, Fortbragg, Whitcombi, Cynopteri, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Panama, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Hardjo, Wolffi, Shermani, Tarassovi and Londrina 1 (L1). The samples were also submitted to buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPA) and 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME) to detect anti-Brucella abortus antibodies. The results obtained from epidemiological and serological study were analysed by Epi Info 3.5.3. We observed 9.9% (104/1055) of goats reagents in at least one serovar of Leptospira spp. and no reagent animal to Brucella abortus. The variables that were statistically significant with leptospirosis were: production type meat, sewer destination in dry sump, frequent abortion, shared use of pastures, slaughter of animals on the property, the presence of pigs and wild animals such as deer and capybaras on the property.Discussion: This was the first study about antibodies prevalence against Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus in goat herds from Paraná State. The presence of both animal species were statiscally associated to risk of leptospirosis. It is necessary avoid the acess of these animals in herds, decreasing the dissemination of the agent. The production type meat is a form of creation in which the animals have no care of zookeepers and continuous veterinary care. The final destination of sewage was statistically associated to risk of leptospirosis in goats and this is a big problem in rural properties, requiring greater attention of authorities for proper disposal of this wastewater, reducing water and food contamination. Among the variables related to management, the herds that used rented pasture or shared pastures also were statistically associated to risk of leptospirosis in goats; with the sharing of pastures a greater flow of animals transiting in the pickets occurs, allowing not only flocks of goats, but other species also, to use the same pastures and become more exposed to certain diseases. The slaughter of pigs, sheep, cattle and goats on the property is a problem for animal and human health due to lack of sanitary inspection. Abortion is one of the main clinical signs of leptospirosis in farm animals, particularly goats. The knowledge of these results will be useful to develop control programs for the disease in Paraná State herds.  The absence of circulating anti-Brucella abortus antibodies in goat herds has also been reported in other Brazilian States

Cross-Sectional Study of Leptospira spp. and Brucela abortus in Goat Herds from Paraná State, Brazil

Background: Leptospirosis and brucellosis are zoonosis worldwide distributed that have great economic importance, especially in goats. This study aimed to carry out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. and anti-Brucella abortus antibodies and to determine epidemiological variables associated to infection by these ethiological agents in goats.Materials, Methods &amp; Results: Serum samples were collected from 1055 goats of 95 properties distributed in 18 regional centers of Paraná State from April to August of 2010. Collected samples were submitted to microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies with 22 reference serovars: Australis, Bratislava, Autumnalis, Butembo, Castellonis, Bataviae, Canicola, Fortbragg, Whitcombi, Cynopteri, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Panama, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Hardjo, Wolffi, Shermani, Tarassovi and Londrina 1 (L1). The samples were also submitted to buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPA) and 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME) to detect anti-Brucella abortus antibodies. The results obtained from epidemiological and serological study were analysed by Epi Info 3.5.3. We observed 9.9% (104/1055) of goats reagents in at least one serovar of Leptospira spp. and no reagent animal to Brucella abortus. The variables that were statistically significant with leptospirosis were: production type meat, sewer destination in dry sump, frequent abortion, shared use of pastures, slaughter of animals on the property, the presence of pigs and wild animals such as deer and capybaras on the property.Discussion: This was the first study about antibodies prevalence against Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus in goat herds from Paraná State. The presence of both animal species were statiscally associated to risk of leptospirosis. It is necessary avoid the acess of these animals in herds, decreasing the dissemination of the agent. The production type meat is a form of creation in which the animals have no care of zookeepers and continuous veterinary care. The final destination of sewage was statistically associated to risk of leptospirosis in goats and this is a big problem in rural properties, requiring greater attention of authorities for proper disposal of this wastewater, reducing water and food contamination. Among the variables related to management, the herds that used rented pasture or shared pastures also were statistically associated to risk of leptospirosis in goats; with the sharing of pastures a greater flow of animals transiting in the pickets occurs, allowing not only flocks of goats, but other species also, to use the same pastures and become more exposed to certain diseases. The slaughter of pigs, sheep, cattle and goats on the property is a problem for animal and human health due to lack of sanitary inspection. Abortion is one of the main clinical signs of leptospirosis in farm animals, particularly goats. The knowledge of these results will be useful to develop control programs for the disease in Paraná State herds.  The absence of circulating anti-Brucella abortus antibodies in goat herds has also been reported in other Brazilian States

Epidemiological status of bovine leptospirosis in the State of Paraná, Brazil

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira spp and their geographic distribution and to identify the risk factors associated with this disease in cattle herds with reproductive activity in the state of Paraná. A total of 14 163 females aged ?24 months originating from 1 926 herds that were not vaccinated against Leptospira spp were evaluated. To detect the Leptospira spp antibodies, all serum samples were submitted for a microscopic serum-agglutination test (MAT). An epidemiological questionnaire was performed at each farm visited to characterize the management practices and study the risk factors associated with the presence or absence of Leptospira spp. To perform geoprocessing, the geographical coordinates of each farm were recorded with a Global Positioning System (GPS), which were then used to create a map. The apparent prevalence of bovine leptospirosis in the herds was the parameter used to generate the final risk map. The apparent prevalences of seropositivity in the herds and animals in Paraná state were 54.28%(95%CI:52.05- 56.51) and 37.70%(95%CI:34.54-40.86), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors associated with leptospirosis due to any serovar were the rental of grazing areas [OR=1.91(1.36-2.68)], presence of horses [OR=1.59(1.28-1.97)], presence of > 20 females ? 24 months of age [OR=2.25(1.46-3.49)], presence of > 49 bovines [OR=2.78(1.82-4.26)], purchase of animals for reproduction [OR=1.96(1.59-2.41)] and presence of calving pens [OR=1.32(1.04-1.68)]. Risk factors for leptospirosis due specifically to serovar Hardjo were the presence of > 49 bovines [OR=3.05(1.94-4.80)], presence of > 20 females ? 24 months [OR=2.38(1.50-3.79)], presence of horses [OR=1.87(1.45-2.43)], purchase of animals for reproduction [OR=2.14(1.68-2.72)] and rental of grazing areas [OR=2.22(1.54-3.21)]. Geographically, seropositivity to Leptospira spp by MAT identified the regions North/Northwest and Southwest in the state as the areas with a higher risk of disease occurrence

Toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis, and brucellosis seroepidemiology in veterinary medical students and their relation with unique health

Toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis, and brucellosis are global zoonoses, with humans as accidental participants in their transmission cycles. The can also be considered occupational diseases, because certain professionals are at greater risk of contact and infection by such zoonoses. These three diseases have different epidemiological characteristics because of the distinct environmental, social, cultural, and economic conditions where these pathogens circulate. Because of the importance of these diseases and their associations with specific occupations, we performed a seroepidemiological survey of Toxoplasma, Leptospira, and Brucella antibodies, with an analysis of the association between positive serum and certain occupational and environmental variables, in students of a veterinary medicine course (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th year) in a university in the northwestern region in the state of Paraná, Brazil. From May to November 2014, blood samples were collected from 157 volunteers by professionals trained in nursing and biomedicine from the same university as the veterinary students. At the time of blood collection, the students did not present any clinical signs of the three diseases of interest. To detect anti-Toxoplasma gondii, anti-Leptospira spp., and anti-Brucella antibodies, indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF), microscopic agglutination test (MAT), fast agglutination test (a screening test), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed. To determine variables associated with these infections, the students were interviewed to complete an epidemiological questionnaire with environmental, behavioral, and occupational information. The associations between these variables and infections were assess by chi-square or Fischer's exact tests, with a 5% significance level (?). Of the 157 serum samples analyzed, 29.29% reacted to Toxoplasma antigens, with titers ranging from 16 to 4096 by IIF, 1.27% to Leptospira antigens, with titers ranging from 100 to 800 by MAT using Hardjo and Wolffi serovars, and 0.63% to Brucella antigens by ELISA; however, no variables were found to be associated with infection with any of these pathogens. The results of this study show that one-third of the students in the veterinary medicine course were exposed to Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira spp., and Brucella spp. at some stage in their lives; however, it is not possible to determine whether these infections were acquired at the university, because no associations between occupational risk variables and these infections were found. An understanding of the transmission of each etiological agent and methods to prevent infection is important to maintain low prevalence levels of these zoonotic diseases during the veterinary medicine course and extra-curricular internships, when there is increased exposure to these pathogens

Detecção de beta-lactamases de espectro estendido e resistência as quinolonas mediada por plasmídeos em membros da família Enterobacteriaceae isolados de ovinos e cães sadios de propriedades rurais da região de Umuarama, Paraná, Brasil

Bacterial resistance is a primary public health concern worldwide. Within this context, pets and breeding animals act as reservoirs for multidrug-resistant bacteria (MR), such as those producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and those presenting plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). The aim of this study was to detect the presence of ESBL and PMQR in members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, isolated from healthy sheep and dogs from non-intense farming rural properties in the Umuarama region of Paraná, Brazil. A total of 81 oral and rectal swabs from dogs and sheep from 11 small rural properties were analyzed. These swabs were inoculated in tubes containing brain heart infusion broth (BHI), and the resulting cultures were inoculated on MacConkey agar (MAC) supplemented with 10 ?g/mL cefotaxime for the selection of ESBL producers. The cells were also plated on MAC supplemented with 50 ?g/mL nalidixic acid for selecting quinolone-resistant enterobacteria. The bacterial isolates were subjected to biochemical identification tests, antibiograms, double-disk synergic tests, and polymerase chain reaction analysis for resistance-inducing genes (blaESBL, qnr, and genes encoding efflux pump and acetylases). Four (5.00%) bacterial isolates (3 Escherichia coli and 1 Morganella morganii) resistant to cephalosporins and/or quinolones were identified; of these, three (75%) isolates were from sheep and one (25%) from a dog. These findings indicate the presence of MR bacteria in the normal microbiota of the animals studied. Animals colonized with such bacteria can contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance to other animals, environment, and/or human beings and can harbor endogenous infections in unfavorable conditions, which have poor prognosis due to the limited therapeutic options.Resistência bacteriana é considerado o maior problema de saúde pública mundial da atualidade, sendo os relatos de infecções e surtos causados por bactérias multirresistentes cada vez mais frequentes na clínica veterinária e humana. Neste contexto, animais de companhia e criação podem atuar como reservatório de bactérias multirresistentes, como as produtoras de beta-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL) e as que apresentam resistência as quinolonas mediada por plasmídeos (PMQR). O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar beta-lactamases de espectro estendido e resistência as quinolonas mediada por plasmídeos em membros da família Enterobacteriaceae isolados de ovinos e cães de propriedades rurais não tecnificadas da região de Umuarama, Paraná, Brasil. Foram analisados 81 swabs de cães e ovinos provenientes de 11 pequenas propriedades rurais da região de Umuarama (PR). Os swabs foram inoculados em caldo Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) e o crescimento obtivo foi em seguida semeado em placas de Petri contendo ágar MacConkey (MC) acrescido de cefotaxima 10 ?g/mL para seleção de bactérias gram-negativas produtoras de ESBL; e placas contendo MC acrescido de ácido nalidíxico 50 g/mL para seleção de bactérias gram-negativas resistentes as quinolonas. Os isolados bacterianos obtidos foram submetidos a testes de antibiograma pelo método de disco-difusão em ágar, teste sinérgico do duplo-disco e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para genes que conferem resistência do tipo ESBL e para quinolonas. Dos 81 swabs coletados foi possível detectar quatro (4,97%) isolados bacterianos (3Escherichia coli e 1 Morganellamorganii) resistentes a cefalosporinas e/ou quinolonas. Destes isolados, três (75%) eram de ovinos e um (25%) de cão. Os resultados encontrados indicam a presença de cepas multirresistentes na microbiota normal dos animais estudados. Nesta condição, os animais colonizados podem contribuir para disseminação dos agentes bacterianos para outros animais, ambiente e/ou homem, ou em uma situação desfavorável o hospedeiro pode adquirir uma infecção endógena, com prognóstico desfavorável decorrente da falha terapêutica mediada pela expressão de genes de resistência para antibacterianos considerados de última escolha terapêutica

Soroepidemiologia da leptospirose e brucelose em ovinos e cães de propriedades rurais não tecnificadas da região noroeste do estado do Paraná

Sheep breeding has been important in agribusiness, transforming the Brazilian productive scenario. However, it is still deficient due to the damages caused by infectious diseases. Leptospirosis is a severe disease with global distribution, caused by bacteria from the Leptospira genre affecting both humans and animals. The general infection is unapparent, or its clinical signs, when present, are similar to other infections. Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria from the Brucella genre responsible for reproductive disorders in animals, especially ruminants. The purpose of this paper was to seroepidemiological study of Leptospira spp. and Brucella ovis in sheep and dogs from nonmechanized rural properties from the northwestern region in the state of Paraná, Brazil. In order to detect anti-Leptospira antibodies, microscopic agglutination (MAT) was performed. For anti-Brucella antibodies, the agar gel immunodiffusion assay (AGID) was performed. From the total 542 samples from sheep sera analyzed, 11.25% were considered reagent to Leptospira spp. and 18.26% to Brucella ovis. From the 36 dog samples, 25% were reagent to MAT and AGID. From the 32 properties analyzed, 75% were considered positive for leptospirosis and 56.25% for brucellosis. Antibodies against the most probable serovars were Hardjo (34.42%) and Butembo (44.44%) in sheep and dogs, respectively, and the variable exchange of animals among properties was associated to leptospiric infection (p=0.028) in sheep. Leptospirosis and brucellosis are present in the sheep herd and dogs in the rural properties studied, and such result is a warning of the zoonotic importance and the need to establish sanitary programs directed to these animal species.A ovinocultura tem se destacado no agronegócio, transformando o cenário produtivo do Brasil, porém ainda possui uma deficiência devido aos danos causados por doenças infecciosas. A leptospirose é uma doença grave de distribuição mundial causada por bactérias do gênero Leptospira que afeta o homem e os animais. A infecção geralmente é inapetente, ou os sinais clínicos, quando presentes, são similares aos de outras infecções. A brucelose é uma enfermidade infecciosa causada por bactérias do gênero Brucella responsáveis por desordens reprodutivas nos animais, especialmente nos ruminantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo soroepidemiológico de Leptospira spp. e Brucella ovis ovinos e cães de propriedades rurais não tecnificadas da região noroeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Para detecção de anticorpos anti-Leptospira foi realizada a soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM), e para anticorpos anti-Brucella, a prova de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA). Das 542 amostras de soro ovino analisadas, foram consideradas reagentes 11,25% para Leptospira spp. e 18,26% para Brucella ovis. Das 36 amostras de cães, 25% foram regentes a SAM e IDGA. Das 32 propriedades, 75% foram consideradas positivas para leptospirose e 56,25% para brucelose. Os anticorpos contra os sorovares mais prováveis foram Hardjo (34,42%) e Butembo (44,44%) em ovinos e cães respectivamente, e a variável troca de animais entre propriedades foi associada à infecção leptospírica (p=0,028) nos ovinos. A leptospirose e a brucelose estão presentes no rebanho ovino e nos cães das propriedades rurais estudadas, e este resultado serve de alerta à sua importância zoonótica e a necessidade de estabelecer programas sanitários direcionados a esta espécie animal