Toxic epidermal necrolysis: a severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare but serious is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. It is primarily a cutaneous reaction to various precipitating agents, characterized by wide spread erythema and detachment of the epidermis from the dermis. Among the various cutaneous adverse drug reactions, TEN occupy a primary place in terms of mortality. In TEN large sheets of skin are lost from the body surface, thereby decreasing the protecting function of the skin, which results in complications. Usually, TEN is self-limited in absence of complications. If complicated by sepsis, there will be increased chances of mortality. The main treatment would be cessation of the causative drug and early admission of the patient for supportive care and minimizing the occurrence of complications. The present articles reviews the etiology, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis and treatment protocol, with a case of TEN occurrence in a child of 4 years age after consuming phenytoin syrup for febrile convulsions

Visualisation of an entangled channel spin-1 system

Co-variance matrix formalism gives powerful entanglement criteria for continuous as well as finite dimensional systems. We use this formalism to study a mixed channel spin-1 system which is well known in nuclear reactions. A spin-j state can be visualized as being made up of 2j spinors which are represented by a constellation of 2j points on a Bloch sphere using Majorana construction. We extend this formalism to visualize an entangled mixed spin-1 system.Comment: 4 pages,4 figure

Study on self-medication among 2nd year medical students

Background: Self-medication is use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized symptoms and illness. Self-medication is a common type of self-care behavior in the general public, but medical students differ in such practice, as they have knowledge about drugs and diseases.Methods: The present study involved 100 2nd year final term medical students in “Shivamogga Institute of Medical Sciences,” Shivamogga, Karnataka. Study was questionnaire based, and the results were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods.Results: In our study, 57% were female, and 43% were male. About 60% had knowledge about over the counter (OTC) drugs and considered Ayurveda drugs also OTC drugs. 25% considered self-medication entirely safe, whereas 61% considered self-medication have advantages. Self-medication was preferred by 72% as they felt that there is no need to consult health care professionals for a simple ailment. Self-medication was practiced by 62% students, among which 86% were appropriate, and 48% among them utilized knowledge from previous consultation. In 28% fever was the most common condition and paracetamol was the most commonly used drug.Conclusions: Self-medication was widely practiced among the students. They had good knowledge of OTC drugs. The practice of self-medication was almost appropriate. In general self-medication must be accompanied by appropriate information. Educating benefits and risks of self-medication is very much needed for medical students and the public now a day

The diagnostic utility of cell block as an adjunct to cytological smears

Objectives: Cytological examination of serous fluids is of paramount importance in detecting cancer cells. Distinguishing malignant cells from benign reactive mesothelial cells in fluid cytology is an everyday diagnostic problem. Cell blocks are valuable when the features in cytology are inconclusive. The motive of this study was to assess the utility of this method in increasing the diagnostic yield of serous fluids. Methods: 225 (25%) effusion fluids were analyzed carefully by both smear and cell block technique. Results: Among 225 fluids, 139 were pleural, 84 peritoneal and 2 pericardial. In case of pleural fluids and ascitic fluids, maximum numbers of cases were inflammatory. By the cell block technique, 5 additional cases of malignancy in pleural fluids and 7 additional cases of malignancy in ascitic fluids were diagnosed which could not be detected in the cytological smears. In pericardial fluids both cases were inflammatory. Male predominance was noted in case of pleural effusion and female predominance was noted in case of pericardial effusion and ascites. Maximum numbers of cases were seen in the age group of 40-60 years. Conclusion: We conclude that the cell block technique when used as an adjuvant to routine smear examination has increased the diagnostic yield because of better preservation of the architectural pattern

1-Chloro-4-(3,4-dichloro­phen­yl)-3,4-dihydro­naphthalene-2-carbaldehyde

The title compound, C17H11Cl3O, was synthesized via the Vilsmeier–Haack reaction. The dihydro­naphthalene ring system is non-planar, the dihedral angle between the two fused rings being 10.87 (13)°; it forms a dihedral angle of 81.45 (10)° with the dichloro­phenyl ring. The crystal structure features inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Faculty Training Transfer in Karnataka, India

Faculty development programmes should guarantee the successful transfer of knowledge, skills, and attitudes from the training to educational practice to ensure sustainable development of teaching and learning practices. Based on the concepts of training transfer, the pPredicting tTransfer model, recent advances in faculty training transfer and , specifically, the measurement of transfer, we will analyze the effectiveness of faculty training by determining its transfer and explore alternative approaches to improve faculty training in the State of Karnataka (India). We will perform two studies. First, we will evaluate the transfer of training of the Assistant Professors orientation training. Data will be gathered after the training. The questionnaire of efficacy (CdE) , the multidimensional scale of transfer and personal transfer scale will be administered. Second, we will undertake a transfer evaluation study that will create and assess a predicting transfer model for faculty in Karnataka. This model will include factors that influence transfer. To test the instrument, we will evaluate a one-year training program that will be offered to Assistant Professors. In addition to previously mentioned questionnaires, the factors predicting transfer questionnaire will be applied. Implications for HRD and adult education will be extracted, providing evidence for theory building on transfer in the context of India. The findings could be used, from the lens of a National2021-2