Boxplots of the analysis of variance of ICP and ONSD between patients who survived and those who died.

<p>(A) ICP; (B) ONSD. The mean ONSD between patients who survived and died was significantly different. ICP, intracranial pressure; ONSD, optic nerve sheath diameter.</p

Scatterplot of ICP (mm Hg) and different nICP estimators between patients (N = 64).

<p>(A) ONSD method (R = 0.76); (B) FV_sv (R = 0.72); (C) nICP estimator based on the combination of ONSD and FV_sv (nICPONSD+FV_sv, R = 0.80). Dark grey shaded areas on the plots represent 95% confidence intervals for the linear regressions; light grey shaded areas on the plots represent the 95% prediction intervals for the linear regressions. ICP, intracranial pressure; nICP, non-invasive intracranial pressure; ONSD, optic nerve sheath diameter.</p

Median (IQR) values of the studied parameters.

<p>Median (IQR) values of the studied parameters.</p

Summary of the linear mixed effects models of ICP and the non-invasive estimators across all measurement points (N = 445).

<p>Summary of the linear mixed effects models of ICP and the non-invasive estimators across all measurement points (N = 445).</p

Receiver operating characteristic analysis for different nICP predictors for a threshold of ICP ≥ 20 mm Hg.

<p>(A) ONSD method; (B) FV_sv; (C) nICP estimator based on the combination of ONSD and FV_sv (nICPONSD+FV_sv). The values shown on the curve in (A) and (B) represent the best thresholds (cutoff values presenting the best sensitivity and specificity [in parentheses]) for prediction of intracranial hypertension (ICP ≥ 20 mm Hg), respectively, for ONSD and FV_sv. AUC is presented followed by the 95% confidence interval. AUC, area under the curve; FV_sv, straight sinus systolic flow velocity; ICP, intracranial pressure; nICP, non-invasive intracranial pressure; ONSD, optic nerve sheath diameter.</p

Correlations between ICP and non-invasive estimators across all measurement points (N = 445) and for average values between patients (N = 64).

<p>Correlations between ICP and non-invasive estimators across all measurement points (N = 445) and for average values between patients (N = 64).</p

Baseline characteristics of the patient cohort.

<p>Baseline characteristics of the patient cohort.</p

Summary of the 95% prediction and confidence intervals (± standard deviations) for the linear regression between intracranial pressure and non-invasive estimators between patients (N = 64).

<p>Summary of the 95% prediction and confidence intervals (± standard deviations) for the linear regression between intracranial pressure and non-invasive estimators between patients (N = 64).</p

The ability of PRx/wPRx in distinguishing fatal and nonfatal outcomes.

<p>The ability of PRx/wPRx in distinguishing fatal and nonfatal outcomes.</p

Distribution of Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) Score (%) versus the binned difference between the median cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and optimal CPP (CPPopt).

<p>(A) Distribution of GOS Score versus the binned difference between median CPP and CPPopt _PRx; (B) Distribution of GOS Score versus the binned difference between median CPP and CPPopt _wPRx. CPPopt_PRx, optimal cerebral perfusion pressure according to pressure reactivity index (PRx); CPPopt_wPRx, optimal cerebral perfusion pressure according to wavelet PRx.</p