Possible contribution of olefins and heteroatoms to the Unidentified Infrared Bands

The current assignments of the 11.3 feature are shown to be incompatible with observations. An unbiased survey of correlation charts suggests that the olefinic group R2=CH2 is a good alternative candidate. For the 12.7 feature, the best fits are provided by nitrites, R-O-N=O, and amines, R-N=H2. Sulfones, SO2, exhibit strong features near 7.7 and 8.6 microns, which may contribute to the UIBs. These additional functional groups are likely to be attached to the main hydrocarbon dust skeleton previously hypothesized in the coal/kerogen model. They provide further leeway in modelling the large variety of relative band intensities observed in the sky.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, accepted by A and A Letter

Implementasi Metode Bercerita Dalam Pembelajaran Untuk Meningkatkan Percaya Diri Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di Taman Kanak-kanak

This study aimed to describe Storytelling in Learning Implementation Methods To Increase Confidence In Children Aged 5-6 Years in kindergarten Aisyiyah 6 Pontianak method used in this research is descriptive and qualitative research approaches. The technique used in this study is observation, interview, documentation with the data collection tool that guides observation, interviews and field notes. The results of data analysis showed Storytelling Implementation Methods In Learning To Increase Confidence In Children Aged 5-6 Years is to create a learning plan that includes about Storytelling in Learning Implementation Methods To Increase Confidence In Children Aged 5-6 Years, educating, teaching, directing , stimulate, motivate, and provide a good example to the children so that children have the ability to increase self-confidence

Pengaruh Motivasi Berprestasi dan Iklim Organisasi terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Guru di SMP Negeri

: This study aims to the extent of influence job satisfaction in the school can feel well by every teachers at State Junior High School. This research used quantitative approach with correlational technique. The data was came sample as the data collecting with questionnaire and This research used quantitative approach with correlational technique. The data was came from 85 sample as teachers in State Junior High School. The data collecting with questionnaire and analyzed by double regression technique. The result of analyze and double regression found that: there is a positive correlation and significant between achievement motivation through teacher job satisfaction with 33,0% value, there is positive correlation and significant between organization climate through teacher job satisfaction with 63,4% value and there is positive correlation and significant between the achievement motivation and organization climate togetherness through teacher job satisfaction with 94,5% value

Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kualifikasi Pendidikan Guru Kabupaten Sambas

This study: (1) Local government policy (2) Implementation of policies (3) factors that become an obstacle in the implementation of the policy (4) measures undertaken in implementation. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive research form. Data collection techniques used include: observation, interview, documentation. The results of this study presented as follows: 1) Government policy areas in an effort to improve the educational qualifications of teachers conducted by a team of education office and the Regional employment agency, 2) Implementation of the first local government policies to disseminate to the relevant teacher of Law No. 14 of 2005 and socialization policies, giving permission to study and allocate budgets to equalize educational qualifications of teachers; 3) factors inhibiting the implementation of policies, limited budget, time and inadequate transfortasi, 4) The steps carried out in the implementation of policies by the education department took sosialitation through coordination meetings with school

Penerapan Pembelajaran Talking Stick Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Siswi Tentang Ciri Ciri Makhluk Hidup

Basicly from observation in SDN III Singkawang Selatan, Study motivation and result of study students in science Organisme still under. Research look for solution from problem studying. Research to try use Talking Stick to increase motivation study from students perhab to enjoy and suitable of feature in elementary school. Generally to aim research is explain apply learning Talking Stick model in organisme feature to increase study motivation in science at class III SDN 3 Singkawang Selatan.Research methode use descriptive methode with classroom action Reseach.Data collection techniques used are direct observation and interview techniques, data collection tools that earch study observation sheets and teacher observation sheet. Reseach prosedur about planing, doing observation and reflection. Result of research that use Talking Stick model, enaugh effective to increase students motivation to study science class III. Grade motivation study in class III SDN 3 Singkawang Selatan pre-cycle, grade motivation 39,29 % at doing first cycle grade motivation 75 % and doing the second cycle grade motivation is 100 %. Result change is significant with everage KKM 60. Motivation increase impact in result study is from applycation in cycle I from 28 student and 21 students (75%), Students canS only 11 or 39,29 % to value ? 60, than 17 students or 60,71 % student not yet graduate in study. Implication in the first cycle from 28 students there is 21 students or 75 % everage value class 65,54?KKM 60. Than implication second cycle, Students achieve everage value class 76,25?KKM 60.In cycle secound, all students did get grade everage class 76,25 ? kkm 60. Apply learning Talking Stick model in organisme feature can increase study motivation in science at class III SDN 3 Singkawang Selatan

M-Band Spectra of Dust Embedded Sources at the Galactic Center

The goal of the present paper is to investigate the circumstellar material around the brightest dust-enshrouded sources in the central stellar cluster of the Milky Way. Observations have been carried out at the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope on Paranal, Chile. We have used the long wavelength (LWS3) low resolution (LR) spectroscopic mode of the ISAAC camera at the VLT in the spectral range of the M filter from 4.4micron to 5.1micron. The use of a slit width of 0.6" implied a spectral resolution of R=l/Dl=800 (Dv=375 km/s). These observations resulted in M-band spectra of 15 bright sources in the central stellar cluster of the Milky Way. In addition to gaseous 12^CO (4.666 micron) and 13^CO (4.77 micron) vibration-rotational absorptions, we detect a strong absorption due to a mixture of polar and apolar CO ice (centered at 4.675 micron). In the shorter wavelength absorption wing there is an absorption feature due to XCN at 4.62 micron. The XCN absorption is strongest toward the M2 supergiant IRS7. We find that the extinctions due to material traced by the CO ice and the CO gas absorptions may be of comparable importance. Using the spectra of IRS2L and IRS16C we perform a first order correction of the line of sight absorption due to CO-ice and 13^CO gas. In combination with published hydrogen number density estimates from sub-mm CO(7-6) and FIR [OI] line data we obtain gas masses of the circumstellar shells of the order of 10^-3 and 10^-2 solar masses. This implies that in future spectra taken at high spectral and angular resolution the bright and dust embedded Galactic Center sources should show a substantial line absorption due to source intrinsic absorption.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap

The chemical composition of CO-rich comet C/2009 P1 (Garradd) at Rh = 2.4 and 2.0 AU before perihelion

We quantified ten parent volatiles in comet C/2009 P1 (Garradd) before perihelion, through high-dispersion infrared spectra acquired with CRIRES at ESO's VLT on UT 2011 August 07 (Rh = 2.4 AU) and September 17-21 (Rh = 2.0 AU). On August 07, water was searched but not detected at an upper limit (3{\sigma}) of 2.1 \times 10^28 s-1, while ethane was detected with a production rate of 6.1 \times 10^26 s-1 (apparent mixing ratio > 2.90%). On September 17-21, the mean production rate for water was 8.4 \times 10^28 s-1, and abundance ratios (relative to water) of detected trace species were: CO (12.51%), CH3OH (3.90%), CH4 (1.24%), C2H6 (1.01%) and HCN (0.36%). Upper limits (3{\sigma}) to abundances for four minor species were: NH3 (1.55%), C2H2 (0.13%), HDO (0.89%) and OCS (0.20%). Given the relatively large heliocentric distance, we explored the effect of water not being fully sublimated within our FOV and identified the 'missing' water fraction needed to reconcile the retrieved abundance ratios with the mean values found for "organics-normal". The individual spatial profiles of parent volatiles and the continuum displayed rather asymmetric outgassing. Indications of H2O and CO gas being released in different directions suggest different active vents and/or the possible existence of polar and apolar ice aggregates in the nucleus. The high fractional abundance of CO identifies comet C/2009 P1 as a CO-rich comet.Comment: To appear in: The Astrophysical Journal Letters (LET27048R