Markov Properties of Electrical Discharge Current Fluctuations in Plasma

Using the Markovian method, we study the stochastic nature of electrical discharge current fluctuations in the Helium plasma. Sinusoidal trends are extracted from the data set by the Fourier-Detrended Fluctuation analysis and consequently cleaned data is retrieved. We determine the Markov time scale of the detrended data set by using likelihood analysis. We also estimate the Kramers-Moyal's coefficients of the discharge current fluctuations and derive the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation. In addition, the obtained Langevin equation enables us to reconstruct discharge time series with similar statistical properties compared with the observed in the experiment. We also provide an exact decomposition of temporal correlation function by using Kramers-Moyal's coefficients. We show that for the stationary time series, the two point temporal correlation function has an exponential decaying behavior with a characteristic correlation time scale. Our results confirm that, there is no definite relation between correlation and Markov time scales. However both of them behave as monotonic increasing function of discharge current intensity. Finally to complete our analysis, the multifractal behavior of reconstructed time series using its Keramers-Moyal's coefficients and original data set are investigated. Extended self similarity analysis demonstrates that fluctuations in our experimental setup deviates from Kolmogorov (K41) theory for fully developed turbulence regime.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures and 4 tables. V3: Added comments, references, figures and major correction

Risk of surgical site infection in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery

This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with surgical site infections in orthopedic surgical patients at a public hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2005 and 2007. A historical cohort of 3,543 patients submitted to orthopedic surgical procedures. A descriptive analysis was conducted and surgical site infection incidence rates were estimated. To verify the association between infection and risk factors, the Chi-square Test was used. The strength of association of the event with the independent variables was estimated using Relative Risk, with a 95% confidence interval and pEstudio para identificar factores de riesgo asociados a infecciones de sitio quirúrgico en pacientes quirúrgicos ortopédicos de un hospital público de Minas Gerais, Brasil, entre 2005 y 2007. Cohorte histórica de 3.543 pacientes sometidos a cirugías ortopédicas. Un análisis descriptivo fue realizado y la tasa de incidencia de infección fue estimada. Para verificar la asociación entre la infección y los factores de riesgo se usó el test chi-cuadrado. La fuerza de la asociación del evento con las variables independientes fue estimada por el Riesgo Relativo, con un intervalo de confianza de 95% y p Objetivou-se, neste estudo, identificar fatores de risco associados às infecções de sítio cirúrgico, em pacientes cirúrgicos ortopédicos, de um hospital público de Minas Gerais, Brasil, entre 2005 e 2007. Como método usou-se coorte histórica em 3.543 pacientes submetidos a cirurgias ortopédicas. Análise descritiva e taxa de incidência de infecção foram estimadas. Para verificar a associação entre a infecção e os fatores de risco usou-se o teste qui-quadrado. A força da associação do evento com as variáveis independentes foi estimada pelo risco relativo, intervalo de confiança de 95% e p<0,05. A incidência de infecção de sítio cirúrgico foi de 1,8%. Potencial de contaminação da ferida cirúrgica, condições clínicas do paciente, tempo cirúrgico e tipo de procedimento ortopédico foram estatisticamente associados à infecção. A identificação de associação de infecção de sítio cirúrgico aos fatores de risco mencionados é importante e contribui para a prática clínica do enfermeiro

Prediction of risk and incidence of dry eye in critical patients

Objectives: to estimate the incidence of dry eye, to identify risk factors and to establish a risk prediction model for its development in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a public hospital. Method: concurrent cohort, conducted between March and June, 2014, with 230 patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Data were analyzed by bivariate descriptive statistics, with multivariate survival analysis and Cox regression. Results: 53% out of 230 patients have developed dry eye, with onset mean time of 3.5 days. Independent variables that significantly and concurrently impacted the time for dry eye to occur were: O2 in room air, blinking more than five times per minute (lower risk factors) and presence of vascular disease (higher risk factor). Conclusion: dry eye is a common finding in patients admitted to adults intensive care units, and care for its prevention should be established

Nursing Interventions for Adult Intensive Care Patients With Risk for Corneal Injury: A Systematic Review

PURPOSE: Sedated patients in induced comas may experience ineffective eyelid closure, presenting higher risk for corneal ulcer. the objective was to identify evidence-based practice for corneal ulcer prevention within the intensive care unit. METHODS: A systematic literature review of nine articles was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Questions remain about which care practice is most effective, although most studies consider a humidity chamber with polyethylene film to be the best practice. IMPLICATIONS for NURSING PRACTICE: A proposed NANDA-I nursing diagnosis, risk for corneal injury, reflects this human response that demands nursing assessment and intervention. This study provides evidence toward developing nursing interventions and practice guidelines for the care of these patients.Risoleta Tolentino Neves Univ Hosp, Adult Intens Care Unit, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilFed Univ Minas Gerais EEUFMG, Coll Nursing, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilNANDA Int, Kaukauna, WI USAWeb of Scienc